• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2012

This paper applied the Blue Print and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) to education service in order to raise the education service satisfaction. First, the Blue Print is deployed to come up with strategies to overcome the fail possibility point and waiting point. Next, in order to analyze the fail factors and alternative strategies, the Blue Print of education service is applied to FMEA. The results are as follows; first, the ommission from information document by web-mail or e-mail, Second, thing that selected in spite of company uneducated, thing that omitted despite the company is target, and the unsatisfaction of attendee about training contents. Third, the delay of counsel at the telephone reply, erroneous list of course name and attendee at HRD (Human Resource Development), omission of check whether attends or not. Except for unsatisfaction of attendee, all appears at the process that service delivered. And the unsatisfaction of attendee is about education contents. Both is the factor which have influence on the education service quality. The strategies to remove the failure mode are training and manual development on service and work, a thorough management and check of information system like as ERP (Enterprise Resoure Planning), HRD, education institution list DB (Data Base), on-line application system, a development of education program to offer best education that reflect the user needs and continuously changing environment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.104-120
• /
• 1980

The effects of temperature on transpiration, chlorophyll content, frequency and aperture of stomata, and leaf temperature of Panax ginseng were reviewed. Temperature changes of soil and air under spade roof were also reviewed. Growth responses of responses of ginseng plant at various temperature were assessed in relation to suseptibillity of ginseng plants. Reasonable management of ginseng fields was suggested based on the response of ginseng to various temperatures. Stomata frequency may be increased under high temperature during leaf$.$growing stage. Stomata aperture increased by high temperature but the increase of both frequency and aperture appears not enough for transpiration to overcome high temperature encountered during summer in most fields. Serial high temperature disorder, i.e high leaf temperature, chlorophyll loss, inhibition of photosynthesis, increased respiration and wilting might be alleviated by high humidity and abundant water supply to leaf. High air temperature which limits light transmission rate inside the shade roof, induces high soil temperature(optimum soil temperature 16∼18$^{\circ}C$) and both(especially the latter) are the principal factors to increase alternaria blight, anthracnose, early leaf fall, root rot and high missing rate of plant resulting in poor yield. High temperature disorder was lessen by abundant soil water(optimum 17∼21%) and could be decreased by lowering the content of availability of phosphorus and nitrogen in soil consequently resulting in less activity of microorganisms. Repeated plowing of fields during preparation seems to be effective for sterilization of pathogenic microoganisms by high soil temperature only on surface of soils. Low temperature damage appeared at thowing of soils and emergence stage of ginseng but reports were limited. Most limiting factor of yield appeared as physiological disorder and high pathogen activity due to high temperature during summer(about three months).

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2020

Objectives: In the past few years, herbal medicines have gained popularity over synthetic drugs because of their natural source and minimal side effects which has led to a tremendous growth of phytopharmaceuticals usage. With the development of nanotechnology, it provides alternative approaches to overcome several limitations using nano-formulations. In spite of considerable quantity of antianemic preparations with different iron forms available, currently additives are used and represented in modern pharmaceutical market. Iron deficiency anemia is a major global public health problem which particularly affects pregnant women, children and elderly persons. The situation is complicated because of disadvantages and drug side effects from existing antianemic medicines. There is a great demand for the development of new antianemic preparations. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, possess high potential in this field. Methods: Our study focuses on developing green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) of 10-50 nm with spherical shape where different dosages were used -1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for exposure in Wistar albino female rats for 28 days. The toxicity was assessed using various parameters such as measurements of the rat body and organ mass, hematology, biochemical evaluation and histopathological examinations. Results: No significant differences were observed in body and organ weights. Hematological indices also indicated no significant differences whereas biochemical factors showed increase in levels of direct bilirubin and globulin of medium as well as high dose and SGPT levels were increased only in high dose. The major organs (heart, kidney and liver) showed histopathological alterations in 10 and 100 mg/kg whereas brain showed only in 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The toxicity of IONPs was found to be more significant when the concentration was increased; however, low doses can be used for further investigation as an antianemic preparation.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2020

Background: Single inferior alveolar nerve block is ineffective in achieving adequate pulpal anesthesia in 30-80% of patients due to anatomical variations, local tissue pH, central sensitization, and several factors. Various supplementary techniques and combination of adjuvants with lignocaine are used to overcome these failures. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), one such adjuvant, acts at the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor resulting in effective anesthesia. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical controlled trial was to evaluate the onset, anesthetic efficacy, duration and post-operative analgesia of 2% lignocaine with and without the addition of MgSO₄ in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis. Methods: Fourty-two patients were randomly divided into three groups: 2% lignocaine (group 1) and 2% lignocaine with MgSO₄ (75 mg) and (150 mg) in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Pre-operative vitals and Heft Parker-Visual Analogue Scale (HP-VAS) pain scores were recorded. The onset of anesthesia, anesthetic efficacy, and duration of anesthesia were evaluated post administration of the local anesthetic solution. The post-operative analgesia was examined at intervals of 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Results: Administration of 150 mg MgSO₄ hastens the onset of anesthesia (1.29 min) and produces better anesthetic efficacy (3.29 HP-VAS) compared to group 2 (2.07 min and 9.14 HP-VAS) and group 1 (3.29 min and 35.79 HP-VAS), respectively. The duration of anesthesia was significantly higher in group 3 (247.07 min) compared to that of groups 2 and 1 (190 min and 110.21 min) with P < 0.05. Conclusion: Combining 75 mg or 150 mg of MgSO₄ with lignocaine is more effective than 2% lignocaine and 75 mg of MgSO₄ is adequate for endodontic procedures.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.247-252
• /
• 2000

The advantages of transdermal administration are avoiding hepatic first pass effect, minimizing inter- and intra-patient variation, maintaining steady-state plasma level to provide long-term therapy from a single dose, and allowing a rapid termination of drug input. Clenbuterol, a selective ${\beta}_2-adrenergic$ receptor stimulant, has been introduced as a potent bronchodilator for patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive bronchial disease. For the development of transdermal systems containing clenbuterol, two limiting factors - long lag time and low flux - must be overcome. In this study, we attempted to select optimal formulation for preparation of clenbuterol patch using hairless mouse skin and flow-through diffusion cell. The flux of clenbuterol increased as the percent of clenbuterol dose dependently in the concentration range of 5-15%. Based on this result, we fixed the concentration of clenbuterol as 15%. The effect of various penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of clenbuterol through hairless mouse skin was investigated. Labrafil was the most effective enhancer, which increased the permeability of clenbuterol approximately 4-fold compared with the control without penetration enhancer. Optimal enhancer concentration was 3%. The effect of various adhesives on penetration of clenbuterol was also investigated. Among the adhesives studied, MA-31 was the most effective adhesive. Furthermore, the clenbuterol patch composed of 15% clenbuterol, 3% Labrafil and 82% MA-31, which gave most excellent penetration of drug in in vitro penetration study, maintained therapeutic plasma levels in in vivo study using S.D. rats. These studies demonstrated a good feasibility of clenbuterol administration through the intact skin using a transdermal patch, and show a possibility of the development of clenbuterol patches.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.367-379
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an ecological park planning model to enhance the functions of habitats and ecological corridors in Green Belt Areas, because changing policies have resulted in the degredation of the Green Belts due to progressive fragmentation of ecosystems. The principal outcome of the study is to plan an ecological park model through the restoration of habitats. In order to evaluate the capacity of the model to enhance the ecological functions of habitats and ecological corridors in Green Belt Areas, a simulation of habitats was carried out in the Sungnam-Yusoo region. The model was developed via following steps: 1. Selection of candidate sites and selection of the study site by analyzing development factors; 2. Selection of target species that can represent the habitat at the site; 3. Analysis of the site's suitability index for the target species; 4. Establishment of a conceptual plan to enhance and expand the currently produced suitability index; 5. Creation of a master plan based on the conceptual plan; and 6. Evaluation of the enhanced and expanded suitability index of the site. The study showed that the Habitat Unit (HU) of Rana coreana, which was selected as the target species of the study, increased from $28,044m^2$(3.6%) to $224,352m^2$(28.8%), and the HU of the site as the ecological corridor for wild animals increased from $4,674m^2$(0.6%) to $152,684m^2$(19.6%). The study results show that the ecological deficits of the Green Belt Area can be overcome by enhancing the ecological functions of the region, which should be beneficial. The model could be utilized for effective enhancement and management of other Green Belt Areas.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.507-518
• /
• 2007

This study aimed to investigate the competitive advantages of Chinese fashion industry and firms to Korean fashion industry by applying the generalized double-diamond theory. Data collection was done by internet and fax survey. Questionnaires were distributed to the Korean textiles and apparel firms who entered China for production anuor distribution. List of firms were provided by KOFOTI, KOTRA, and Korea Apparel Industry Association. Total 198 questionnaires were distributed, and 77 questionnaires were used for final analysis. The results were follows. Korea's competitiveness scores of double-diamond model were higher in every aspects, such as demand condition, infra/supportive industry, firms's strategy and competition except factor condition. Glottalization score in double diamond model measured by the degree of glottalization which was determined by international diamond factors which make firm's multinational/international activities possible. Chinese fashion industry's globalization score of factor condition was significantly higher than Korea, but for the rest of aspects, Korean fashion industry showed higher scores. Therefore, Korean fashion firms can overcome comparative disadvantage of factor condition by utilizing Chinese fashion industry no matter what type of entry. In addition, considering the growth rate of Chinese fashion industry and its power of influence in the world market, the entry to the global market of the Korean fashion industry can be possible.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2009

부산항은 과거 싱가포르, 홍콩항에 이어 세계 3위의 컨테이너항만에서 상해항과 선전항의 급부상으로 세계 5위로 순위가 하락했다. 이처럼 중국항만의 성장으로 동북아 중심항만을 목표로 하는 우리나라 항만에게 위협이 되고 있다. 따라서 국내 항만의 위기를 극복하기 위해서는 항만의 경쟁전략 수립이 우선시 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 항만의 경쟁전략 수립에 앞서 '나의 경쟁상대는 누구인가?' 라는 질문으로 시작하였다. 경쟁에 관한 주제는 과거 많은 항만관련 연구들이 경쟁의 요인(factor)이나 항만의 효율성(efficiency)에 관해 다루고 있다는 점과 차이가 있다. 연구에 앞서 기존의 문헌연구 고찰을 통해 항만가치 경쟁의 의미를 재정의 하였다. 다음으로 항만의 경쟁을 부산항을 비롯한 5개의 국내 주요 항만 수출입물동량을 바탕으로 국내 항만간 경쟁구조를 파악하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.4298-4307
• /
• 2015

최근 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성 저하에 따른 성능저하로 유지 보수나 보강등에 상당한 비용이 증가함에 따라 콘크리트의 고유 특성인 균열 저감에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 특히 장기간 운영에 따른 지하 전력구의 노후화로 유지 보수에 어려움이 상존함에 따라 전력구 설계단계에서 균열을 획기적으로 저감할 수 있는 저수축 콘크리트용 수축저감제 기술 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구는 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성 저하에 따른 균열을 방지하고자 균열을 획기적으로 저감할 수 있는 저수축 콘크리트를 개발하기 위한 것으로 수축저감 물질을 선정하고 모르타르 및 콘크리트 특성을 검토한 결과 클리콜계의 경우 압축강도 특성 및 건조수축 길이변화 실험결과에서 우수한 것으로 나타나 수축저감제로서의 가능성을 확인하였다. 추후 수축저감제의 범용적인 적용성 검토를 위하여 수축저감제의 사용량 및 사용재료 변화 등에 대한 다양한 재료변수 요인 검토를 통하여 수축저감제의 성능 검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 2005

유기증기에 대한 PDMS의 단점을 보완하기 위해 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)와 1,4-butanediol(BD)를 이용하여 poly(dimethylsiloxane)를 기초로 한 polyurethane-polysiloxanes (PU/PDMS)를 합성하였다. 그리고 poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)를 다공성 지지체로 이용하여 복합막을 제조하여 SEM 분석으로 코팅층의 존재와 두께를 확인하였다. 증기투과실험에서 투과온도와 feed의 농도가 증가할수록 flux는 점차 증가하였고, separation factor는 이와 반대로 점차 감소하는 'trade-off'현상을 보였다. 본 연구에서의 PU/PDMS는 soft segment의 함량보다는 비교적 hard segment의 함량이 높기 때문에 투과온도의 증가에 따른 영향이 크지 않았던 것으로 사료된다. PU/PDMS막은 VOCs와 상대적으로 높은 친화도를 가지고 있기 때문에 PU/PDMS 균질막과 비교하여 복합막의 형태에서도 향상된 flux와 높은 separation factor를 나타내었다.