• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of eco-pond, one of biotopes to promote biodiversity in urban residence area. Investigation were classified out plant, mammals, amphibia, reptiles, birds, fishes and insects. The results were summarized as follows: Around the eco-pond shows simple vegetation structurs, consisted of Pinus densoflora S et Z. and Robinia pseudoacacia under competition. In case of shrub, consisted of 4 species but plant growing appearence diversely by seasons. The evaluation of vegetation of eco-pond, there are found 4 species of aquatic plants. Inside the revetment of pond, Echinochloa crus-galli, Persicaria hydropiper, Digiaria sanguinalis, Cyperus microiria and Bidens frondosa L. are mainly distributed. Near the revetment, Trifolium repens L. and Digiaria sanguinalis are prevailed. And in its background, Erigeron canadensis, Erigeron annuus and vines are begins to make their appearances. When evaluation animals in eco-pond and contrast plot, it show simple species and numbers of mammals. It seemed to be resulted from its isolation and outside intervention by users In eco-pond, Pica pica and Streptopelia orientalis are mainly found and in contrast plot of Columba livia, which are so strong adaptation to city life environment. In case of amphibia and reptiles, none is observed in contrast plot, but in ecological pond, Rana nigromaculata and Hyla japonica are constantly observed. In case of insects, more species are found in eco-pond than contrast plot. And in eco-pond, more dragonflies are visibly increased one year after its construction. In floral zone inside of pond revetment, grasshopper and Locusta migratoria are frequently observed. In case of butterflies, they are mainly found in log fence and willow(salix) around eco-pond. In case of fishes inside of eco-pond, the species and its density are remarkable increased one year after the construction. With above evaluation results, we have identify the increase effect of biodiversity after construction of the eco-pond.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2002

This study was conducted to select suitable turfarasses for use at 2002 world cup soccer fields in Korea. A 1/1000 scale Inchon worldcup soccer dome was constructed for this research. Species and seeding rates of cool-season grasses used inside and outside the dome were Kentuck bleugrass 10g/$m^2$ (KB), Kentucky bleugrass 10g/$m^2$+ perennial ryegrass 10g/$m^2$ mixture (KB+PR) and Kentucky bleugrass 6g/$m^2$+tall fescue 14g/$m^2$+ perennial ryegrass 4g/$m^2$ mixture (KB+TF+PR). Warm-season grasses also used in this study were Zoysia japonica 'Anyangjungzii' (ZA) and Zoysia japonica 'Zenith'(ZZ) which were layed as sod. So, total 5 types of grasses were used inside and outside the dome. The rootzone was constructed by the multi-layer method(United States Golf Association method). The plots were designed by randomized block design. Cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) were found to be better performers for visual rating and visual color than the zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ). There were no significant differences in turf performance within cool-season grasses, while ZA showed better turf performances than ZZ within zoysiagrasses. The green color was maintained for about 10 months in the col-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) compared to about 5~6 months in the zoysiagrasses. Root length and density data revealed higher values for KB, KB+PR and KB+TF+PR compared to ZA and ZZ. Root performance of 22 was better than ZA within zoysiagrasses which was the opposite result of turf performances. There was also no significant difference between U performance inside and outside the dome. However, the decreasing tendency of turf quality inside the dome at the end of the study showed that more proper maintenance technology was needed inside the d[me. It could be concluded by this study that cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) were more suitable turfgrasses than waits-season zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ) for use at 2002 world cup soccer fields in Korea.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.444-454
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• 2017

세계 양서류 감소의 주요 요인으로 감염성 질병이 활발하게 연구되고 있으며, 야외 병원균 전파의 가능한 근원지로서 양서류 증양식장들이 언급되고 있으나, 국내에서 관련된 연구수행은 매우 미진한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 인제, 괴산, 공주에 위치한 북방산개구리 증양식장의 내 외부에서 채집된 성체와 유생의 피부와 내부 장기들에서 확인되는 세균과 곰팡이 콜로니 수의 지역 간, 증양식장 내 외부 간 차이 여부를 파악하고, 나아가 유생으로부터 발견되는 세균의 종류를 16s rDNA 서열 비교를 통해 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 성체의 경우 괴산에서 채집된 성체의 피부와 소화관으로부터 표집된 세균 콜로니 수와 피부와 간으로부터 표집된 곰팡이 콜로니 수가 인제에서 확인된 콜로니 수보다 의미 있게 많았으나 증양식장 내 외 간에는 두 지역 모두에서 어느 부위에서도 차이가 없었다. 유생의 경우 공주에서 채집된 유생의 내부로부터 표집된 곰팡이 콜로니 수가 인제에서 확인된 콜로니수보다 많은 경향을 보였다. 증양식장 내 외부의 비교 결과, 피부에서의 박테리아 수는 인제 증양식장 내부, 개체 내부에서의 박테리아 수는 공주 증양식장 외부에서 더 많은 콜로니 수가 확인되었다. 성체의 건강지수가 좋을수록 피부의 박테리아 콜로니 수와 피부와 심장의 곰팡이 콜로니 수가 적었으나, 유생에서는 관련성이 없었다. 유생으로부터 검출된 세균을 분류한 결과, 4개 문 내, 15개 속에 속하는 세균이 검출되었으나 증양식장 간 및 증양식장 내 외부 간 차이는 분명하지 않았다. 우리의 결과는 증양식장의 지역과 증양식장 내 외부 간의 서로 다른 조건들이 양서류에 있는 세균과 곰팡이의 군집크기 차이를 유발하며, 이것이 증양식 북방산개구리의 건강상태에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있음을 보여준다. 더불어, 우리의 결과는 성공적인 양서류 증식장 운영과 증식장으로부터 질병의 가능한 야외전파를 막기 위하여, 증식장 내 효율적인 질병관리의 필요성이 높음을 시사한다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.335-352
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 동해시에 분포하는 7개 습지에 대해 수질과 야생동식물의 분포를 조사하고 분석하였다. 조사결과, 대부분 습지의 수질은 오염물질의 외부유입에 의해 부영양화 상태로 나타났다. 식물은 총 234분류군으로 69과 168속 207종 24변종 3품종이었으며, 이 중 습생식물은 18종, 수생식물은 43종으로 나타났다. 산림청 지정 희귀 멸종위기식물 2종, 귀화 식물은 27종이 확인되었으며, 도시화 지수와 귀화율은 각각 8.4%, 11.6%로 나타났다. 저서성 대형무척추동물은 총 3문 5강 12목 26과 35종이 확인되었고, 희귀종은 3종이 발견되었다. 어류는 총 5과 5종이 서식하였고, 멸종위기 야생생물에 II급 1종이 발견되었다. 대부분의 습지는 그 면적이 비교적 작고, 일부 습지는 산림 및 하천의 원거리에 고립되어 분포하는 등 외부종의 유입 및 유출의 제한이 있었다. 하지만, 특정 종을 포함한 다양한 동식물의 서식이 확인되었으며, 향후 습지 유지 및 기능 제고를 위한 대책이 요구되었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

The pear psylla, $Cacopsylla$ $pyricola$ (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a serious insect pest of commercial pear crops. The species, which resides on pear trees throughout its life cycle, is rapidly spreading in some regions of the world. The population genetic structure of the species collected from several pear orchards in Korea was studied to understand the nature of dispersal and field ecology of the species. The 658-bp region of mitochondrial COI gene and the 716-bp long complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced. Unlike other previously studied insect pests, the COI-based genetic diversity of the pear psylla was extremely low (maximum sequence divergence of 0.15%). This finding allowed us to conclude that the species may have been introduced in Korea relatively recently. ITS2 sequence-based analyses of phylogeny, population differentiation, gene flow, and hierarchical population structure all concordantly suggested that the pear psylla populations in Korea are neither genetically isolated nor hampered for gene flow. These genetic data are concordant with the dispersal of an overwintering winterform morph outside the non-pear habitat in the fall.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to establish the more rational and practical basic theory for the landscape planning in the aparment complex. In this study, the actual conditions of exterior space, the residens' satisfaction degree and the correlation between exterior space and the residents' satisfaction defree were investigated and analyzed on the 13apartment complexes in Taegu City. Through the statistical analysis, the main results were obtained as fellows : It was found that the size of green area ratio in the apartment complexes were in the order of Jugong Apt. (Korean Housing Corporation), Siyoung Apt. (City Operation), Minyoung high-rise Apt. (Private Business) and Minyoung low-rise Apt. (Private Business) complex. The highest ratio of footway and Parking area were shown in Minyoung high-rise Apt. complex. The important factors at the exterior space of apartment complex were composed by 6 major factors, importance degrees of which are Visual, Practical, Convenient, Sentimental, Recreational and Spatial factors for teenagers in orders. The residents' satisfaction degrees to the exterior space were highly correlated with the spatil organization, size of green area and quantity of trees, view, management situation, defensibility of outside noise, rest place, water landscapings by turns. In order to get more than the average satisfaction degree 18 exterior space, the green area should be occupied by 35% of the apartment complex area and more than 76% of the green area (i. e. 16% of the apartment complex area) should be planted with trees. In the Taegu City regulation, the ratio of tree composition is proposed for only the number of tree. But it was shown that the satifaction degree are more correlated with the species and afforestation of trees than the nuts her of trees in this study. therefore, the species of tree and the afforestation of tree should be considered when the landscape planning of the apartment complex begins. It was found that the ratio of afforestation to make the more desirable exterior space In the apartment complex shoule be 8 to 2 in the ratio of arbor to shrub. It was also required that 30 species of arbor and 15 species of shrub should be planted for the more desirable landscape of the apartment complex.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2019

Neutral genetic diversity found in plant species usually leaves an indelible footprint of historical events. Korea's main mountain range (referred to as the Baekdudaegan [BDDG]), is known to have served as a glacial refugium primarily for the boreal and temperate flora of northeastern Asia. In addition, life-history traits (life forms, geographic range, and breeding systems) influence the within- and among-population genetic diversity of seed plant species. For example, selfing species harbor significantly less within-population genetic variation than that of predominantly outcrossers. A previous study of two Liparis species (L. makinoana and L. kumokiri) emphasizes the role of the abovementioned factors shaping the levels of genetic diversity. Liparis makinoana, mainly occurring on the BDDG and self-incompatible, harbors high levels of within-population genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity, H_eP = 0.319), whereas there is no allozyme variation (H_eP = 0.000) in L. kumokiri, which is self-compatible and mainly occurs in lowland hilly areas. To determine if this trend is also found in other congeners, we sampled five populations of L. krameri from the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and investigated the allozyme-based genetic diversity at 15 putative loci. The somewhat intermediate levels of within-population genetic variation (H_eP = 0.145) found in L. krameri are most likely due to its occurrence in mountainous areas that, despite being outside of the main ridge of the BDDG, still served as refugia, and a self-incompatible breeding system. Management strategies are suggested for L. krameri and L. makinoana based on the levels and distribution of genetic diversity and inbreeding.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as secondary messengers that regulate various developmental and signal transduction processes, with ROS primarily generated by NADPH OXIDASEs (referred to as RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs [RBOHs] in plants). However, the types and locations of ROS produced by RBOHs are different from those expected to mediate intracellular signaling. RBOHs produce O₂^•- rather than H₂O₂ which is relatively long-lived and able to diffuse through membranes, and this production occurs outside the cell instead of in the cytoplasm, where signaling cascades occur. A widely accepted model explaining this discrepancy proposes that RBOH-produced extracellular O₂^•- is converted to H₂O₂ by superoxide dismutase and then imported by aquaporins to reach its cytoplasmic targets. However, this model does not explain how the specificity of ROS targeting is ensured while minimizing unnecessary damage during the bulk translocation of extracellular ROS (eROS). An increasing number of studies have provided clues about eROS action mechanisms, revealing various mechanisms for eROS perception in the apoplast, crosstalk between eROS and reactive nitrogen species, and the contribution of intracellular organelles to cytoplasmic ROS bursts. In this review, we summarize these recent advances, highlight the mechanisms underlying eROS action, and provide an overview of the routes by which eROS-induced changes reach the intracellular space.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

한국 남해안의 중앙부에 위치하는 장수만의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시 공간적 분포특성과 생물해양학적 환경특성을 파악하기 위한 현장 조사를 2006년 봄부터 겨울까지 계절별로 장수만과 인근해역을 대상으로 하는 31개의 정점의 표 저층 해수를 대상으로 실시하였다. 장수만에서 출현이 확인된 식물플랑크톤은 47속 83종으로 규조류가 65.1%, 와편모조류가 30.1%를 차지하였고, 유해성 조류도 3종 출현하였다. 세포밀도로 표시한 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 봄 3.1 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$에서 겨울 521.0 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$의 범위로 겨울과 여름에 높고, 봄과 가을에 낮았다. 현존량은 정점 평균으로 표층에서 봄 7.6 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, 여름 68.0 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, 가을 8.1 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, 그리고 겨울은 220.2 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$를 나타내었다. 표층에서 우점종은 봄에 Chaetoceros affinis, Paralia sulcata, Bacillaria paxillifera, 여름에 Chaetoceros didymus, Ch. affinis, Octactis octonaria, 가을에 Skeletonema costatum 유사종과 B. paxillifera이 10% 이상의 우점률을 나타내었고, 겨울은 S. costatum 유사종에 의해 극우점 되었다. 주성분분석에 의한 장수만의 생물해양학적 특성은 봄과 여름의 수온 상승기에는 봇돌바다 등 개방해역에서 유입되는 해수 영향으로 높은 생물생산을 유지하고 있고, 가을과 겨울의 수온 하강기에는 생물량은 수심의 얕은 천해해역에서 높고, 현존량은 수로부에서 높은 밀도를 나타내었다. 특히 겨울은 해수 혼합의 원활한 천해해역에 높은 식물플랑크톤 생산을 나타내었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

Reptiles were known to serve as paratenic hosts for Centrorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) in Korea, but the infection course in experimental animals was not elucidated yet. In this study, the tiger keelback snakes (Rhabdophis tigrinus) were collected and digested with artificial pepsin solution, and the larvae of Centrorhynchus were recovered from them. Then, the collected larvae were orally infected to rats for developmental observations. In rats, all the larvae were observed outside the intestine on day 3 post-infection (PI), including the mesentery and abdominal muscles. As for the development in rats, the ovary of Centrorhynchus sp. was observed at day 15 PI, and the cement glands were 3 in number. Based on the morphological characteristics, including the arrangement of proboscis hooks, these larvae proved to be a species of Centrorhynchus, and more studies were needed for species identification.