• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2017

목적: 근관 세정제로서 Hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP)가 다른 근관 세정제인 Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Etylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 상호 작용 시 조직용해 능력, 항균효과와 온도에 따른 조직 용해 능력의 변화에 대해 알아보았다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 소의 근육으로 제작된 동일한 단면적($2{\times}2{\times}2mm$)을 가진 80개의 시편을 8개의 그룹(n = 10)으로 임의로 나누었다. 초기 무게 측정 후 각각의 제조된 근관 세정제에 넣어 5분, 10분, 15분 후 무게를 측정하여 무게변화율을 구하였다. 항균 효과 조사를 위해 Enterococcus faecalis를 접종한 agar diffusion test를 시행하였다. 결과: 조직 용해 능력은 NaOCl group (G4, 5)이 가장 뛰어났으며, NaOCl과 HEBP의 혼합물(G7, 8)이 다음으로 나타났다. 또한 가열된($40^{\circ}C$) NaOCl과 NaOCl/HEBP의 혼합물의 경우 실온($25^{\circ}C$)보다 우수한 조직용해 능력이 나타났다. 항균 효과의 경우 EDTA > EDTA + 1% NaOCl > $1%\;NaOCl{\geq}1%\;NaOCl$ + HEBP 순으로 나타났다. 결론: HEBP는 NaOCl 의 항균 효과를 방해하지 않으며, 조직 용해 능력에도 기존의 킬레이팅 제재에 비해 적은 영향을 미친다. 가열된 NaOCl, NaOCl과 HEBP의 혼합재제는 실온과 비교 시에 효율적으로 조직을 용해할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation of various ratios and storage periods of liquid brewer's yeast (LBY) mixed with cassava pulp (CVP). Methods: Four mixtures of fresh LBY and CVP were made (LBY0, LBY10, LBY20, and LBY30 for LBY:CVP at 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, and 30:70, respectively) on a fresh matter basis, in 500 g in plastic bags and stored at 30 to $32^{\circ}C$. After storage, the bags were opened weekly from weeks 0 to 4. Fermentation quality and in vitro gas production (IVGP) were determined, as well as the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents. Results: The contents of CP and EE increased, whereas all other components decreased, in proportion to LBY inclusion (p<0.01). The DM and OM contents gradually decreased in weeks 3 and 4 (p<0.05), while EE contents were lowest in week 0. The pH, ammonia nitrogen per total nitrogen ($NH_3-N/TN$) and V-score in each mixture and storage period demonstrated superior fermentation quality ($pH{\leq}4.2$, $NH_3-N/TN{\leq}12.5%$, and V-score>90%). The pH increased and $NH_3-N/TN$ decreased, with proportionate increases of LBY, whereas the pH decreased and $NH_3-N/TN$ increased, as the storage periods were extended (p<0.01). Although IVGP decreased in proportion to the amount of LBY inclusion (p<0.01), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) was unaffected by the mixture ratios. The highest IVGP and IVOMD were observed in week 0 (p<0.01). Conclusion: The inclusion of LBY (as high as 30%) into CVP improves the chemical composition of the mixture, thereby increasing the CP content, while decreasing IVGP, without decreasing fermentation quality and IVOMD. In addition, a preservation period of up to four weeks can guarantee superior fermentation quality in all types of mixtures. Therefore, we recommend limiting the use of CVP as a feed ingredient, given its low nutritional value and improving feed quality with the inclusion of LBY.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2021

Ensiling is the most preferred technology to preserve the silage quality with high nutrients by the presence of lactic acid bacteria. In this study, lactic acid bacteria RJ1 and S22 were used to make the silages from different leguminous plants such as alfalfa, hairy vetch and red clover. Experimental groups were divided into control and LAB inoculated groups. LAB inoculated group; all legumes treated with a mixture of RJ1 and S22 and made an anaerobic condition for 45d. Without the addition of LAB considered the control group. The results showed that the lactic acid content was higher in all silages in response to LAB treatment and acetic acid content was slightly increased except red clover by LAB compared to control silages. A poor silage quality marker butyric acid was reduced all legume silages in response to LAB inoculation than control silages. The organic acid is closely associated with microbial population experimental silages. We noted that higher LAB and lower yeast were found in the silage in response to LAB treatment. The contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) were not altered significantly between control and LAB treated silages. Overall data suggested that the inclusion of additional LAB potentially enhance the silage quality and preserved the nutrients for long period.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.740-751
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• 2022

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mixture of encapsulated essential oils (EOs) addition on nutrient digestion, serum biochemical parameters, peripheral blood alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) positive lymphocyte ratios and intestinal morphology in laying hens. Methods: A total of 320 laying hens of 48-wk-old were randomly allotted into 4 treatment groups with 10 replicates of 8 birds in each replicate. The birds were fed a basal diet (control) or the diet added with mixture of EOs (which consist of eugenol, nerolidol, piperine, thymol, linalool, and geraniol) at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for period of 84 days. Results: The addition of EOs at 100 or 200 mg/kg increased the dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestion as compared to control. The addition of all doses of EOs did not affect serum gamma glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and P but increased serum asparate aminotransferase (AST) concentration. The addition of 200 mg/kg EOs increased serum creatinine, while 100 mg/kg decreased Ca concentration. The addition of 100 and 200 mg/kg EOs generally improved ANAE and ACP-ase positive peripheral blood lymphocyte ratios and intestinal morphology. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the addition of 100 or 200 mg/kg encapsulated EOs generally increased apparent nutrient digestion and serum AST concentration, improved ANAE and ACP-ase positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal morphology in laying hens.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.519-527
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• 1996

To examine the possibility of biomonitoring of heavy metal removal ability and soil, a study was performed to investigate the heavy metal removal ability and metal-binding protein (MBP) as detoxification process using Oenanthe stolonifera. After O. stolonifera was exposed to individuals (cadmium, zinc) and mixture (cadmium+zinc)for 4 days, removal rate of heavy metal and pH in the treatment medium was measured. MBP was assayed by means of ion exchange column chromatography. The exposure to mixture (Cd:76.8%, Zn:75%) rather than individuals (Cd:82.9%, Zn:90.4%) showed a synergism raising the toxic effect. Initial removal rate was different for each heavy metal : in case of exposure to cadmium it was over 60% on day 1, while for zinc it was 75~90% on day 4. Throughout the experimental period, pH value of treatment medium continuously decreased, since cortex in the roots may secret organic acid to adjust and prevent toxicity of metals. The existence or MBP in the 70~80 fraction and the presence of Zn-enzyme pool was ascertained with the column chromatography. This study demonstrated a possibility that heavy utilized as a biomarker of heavy metal pollution.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2000

시료의 지방산 분석은 먼저 지방의 추출이 선행되어야 하는데 이때에는 시료량 및 시약이 많이 들고 또한 분석시간이 많이 소요되므로 지방 추출 및 지방산의 에스테르화를 한 단계에서 실시하는 One step extraction/methylation법(방법 1)에 따라 주요 유료작물의 지방산 조성을 살펴보았다 이 방법은 methanol-heptane-benzene-DMP-H$_2$SO$_4$ 혼합용매를 사용하여 지방 추출 및 지방산 에스테르화를 단일층에서 일어나게 한것으로 기존의 sodium methoxide를 촉매로 한 methanolysis 법에 의한 지방산 분석 결과와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 이 혼합시약으로 이미 추출된 지방을 대상으로 실험하였을 때에도(방법 2) 기존방법과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 따라서 이 One step extraction/methylation법은 시료가 생체이든 추출된 지방이든 그 과정이 단순하고 시간과 노력이 훨씬 적게 소요되어 지방산 분석에 널리 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 특히 1회에 많은 시료를 처리하고자 할 때 더욱 분석효율이 높을 것으로 기대되었다

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2005

중금속으로 오염된 산성 지하수의 현장 정화방법으로 투수성반응벽체 기술의 적용 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 반응매질 선정을 위한 실내실험을 수행하였다. 처리대상 오염지하수로 이용한 임기광산 폐석적치장 침출수는 낮은 pH와 높은 금속농도를 갖는다(산도부하량으로 65 kg $CaCO_3$/일, 금속부하량(Fe+Al+Mn)으로 11.6kg/일). 이러한 특성의 오염지하수는 반응매질로 유기탄소 혼합물을 이용하여 황산염환원 반응에 의한 처리가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 다섯 가지 서로 다른 배합비를 갖는 버섯퇴비, 소나무 바크, 석회석의 혼합 반응매질을 이용한 배치실험 결과를 통해 보면 투수성반응벽체를 적용할 경우 산도부하량은 12.3kg $CaCO_3$/일, 금속부하량은 3.3kg/일로 줄일 수 있다. 대상 지하수의 낮은 pH와 높은 금속부하량을 고려하여 무기탄소를 위주로 한 완충용 반응벽체를 먼저 두고, 이어서 유기탄소 혼합물로 구성되는 반응벽체로 황산염 환원을 유도하는 방법 적용한다면 보다 효과적인 광산배수에 대한 정화를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1265-1265
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• 2001

The organic materials included in excreta of livestock are important resources for organic manure and for improving soil quality, although there is still far from effective using. One reason for this is still unclearly standard of quality for evaluation of manure made from excreta of livestock. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop rapid and accurate analytical method for analyzing organic compositions of manure made from excreta of livestock, and to establish quality evaluation method based on the compositions predicted by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Sixteen samples of manure, each eight samples prepared from two treatments, were used in this study. The manure samples were prepared by mixing 560 kg feces of swine,60 kg sawdust with moisture content was adjusted to be 65%. The mixture was then keep under two kinds of shelter, black and clear sheets, as a treatment on the effect of sunlight. Samples were taken in every week (form week-0 to 7) during the process of manure making. Samples were analyzed to determine neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) by detergent methods, and organic cell wall (OCW) and fibrous content of low digestibility in OCW (Ob) by enzymatic methods. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) was analyzed by coulometric respirometer method. These compositions were carbohydrateds and lignin that were hardly digested. Spectra of samples were scanned by NIR instrument model 6500 (Pacific Scientific) and read over the range of wavelength between 400 and 2500nm. Calibration equations were developed using eight manure samples collected from black sheet shelter, while prediction was conducted to the other eight samples from clear sheet shelter. Accuracy of NTRS prediction was evaluated by correlation coefficients (r), standard error of prediction (SEP) and ration of standard deviation of reference data in prediction sample set to SEP (RPD). The r, SEP and RPD value of forage were 0.99, 0.69 and 7.6 for ADL, 0.96, 1.03 and 4.1 for NDF, 0.98, 0.60 and 4.9 for ADF, 0.92, 1.24 and 2.6 for Ob, and 0.91, 1.02 and 7.3 for BOD, respectively. The results indicated that NIRS could be used to measure the organic composition of forage used in manure samples.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.73.2-73.2
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• 2010

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable academic and commercial interest because of their unique advantages, such as the facile manufacture of low cost, flexibility, lightweight, and solution processibility. Recently, high-performance polymer solar cells made from a mixture of poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives, PCDTBT, and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) have been reported, with maximum power conversion efficiency of 6.1%. In this work, we report new novel copolymers based on poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives with a suite of electron-deficient moieties or electron-rich units. We systematically investigated the synthesis, thermal stability, as well as the optical and electrochemical properties of these polymers. Detailed synthetic scheme, optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the copolymers will be presented.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

New PVC plasticizer, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-1-butyrate-3-isobutyrate was synthesized via simple esterification with butyric acid and Texanol(a trademark of Eastman Chemicals), the mixture of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-3-isobutyrate and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-1-isobutyrate. The analysis of $^1H-1D,\;^{13}C-1D$ NMR and HMBC spectra identified internal-ester-transfer of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-1-isobutyrate during the reaction. 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-1-butyrate-3-isobutyrate gave better properties in PVC than 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate(TXIB, a trademark of Eastman Chemicals) such as lower viscosity, higher tensile strength and better elongation. In particular, remarkably reduced migration compared with TXIB suggested a reduced emission of VOC(volatile organic compound) from PVC.