• Wind and Structures
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.233-259
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• 2017

Investigations on simulated near-surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in an open-jet facility are carried out by conducting experimental tests on small-scale models of low-rise buildings. The objectives of the current study are: (1) to determine the optimal location of test buildings from the exit of the open-jet facility, and (2) to investigate the scale effect on the aerodynamic pressure characteristics. Based on the results, the newly built open-jet facility is well capable of producing mean wind speed and turbulence profiles representing open-terrain conditions. The results show that the proximity of the test model to the open-jet governs the length of the separation bubble as well as the peak roof pressures. However, test models placed at a horizontal distance of 2.5H (H is height of the wind field) from the exit of the open-jet, with a width that is half the width of the wind field and a length of 1H, have consistent mean and peak pressure coefficients when compared with available results from wind tunnel testing. In addition, testing models with as large as 16% blockage ratio is feasible within the open-jet facility. This reveals the importance of open-jet facilities as a robust tool to alleviate the scale restrictions involved in physical investigations of flow pattern around civil engineering structures. The results and findings of this study are useful for putting forward recommendations and guidelines for testing protocols at open-jet facilities, eventually helping the progress of enhanced standard provisions on the design of low-rise buildings for wind.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.146-153
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• 1997

An experimental study was performed of natural-convection downward smolder spread across a sawdust bed peripherally enclosed with an insulating container, to examine the effect of the open- ing condition at the top end on downward smolder spread. Experiments were conducted by using relatively coarse sawdust and 25-cm-long cylindrical container The variations of temperature profiles along the bed axis with time were determined far different opening conditions and were com-pared with those in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. It was shown that the smolder zone initiated from open top toward closed bottom penetrates the bed with keeping high peak temperature like the case of open top to open bottom spread, although mean spread rate is smaller. This indicates that the downward smolder zone can be sustained stably if sufficient air or oxygen Is supplied from the back of it by natural convection even if upward draft entering from the bottom of the bed is absent. When the top end was partially closed by mounting a cover after stable smolder spread had begun from open top toward open bottom, the temperature at the peak decreased more than 200 K and the smolder zone became to spread with thickening residue. In this case, the shape of temperature profiles continuously changed or decayed until end-effect at the open bottom end enhanced the reaction. The temperature at the shrunk peak, free from the end-effect, was almost identical with the temperature at the exothermic oxidative-degradation zone in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. from these results, it can be inferred for natural-convection downward smolder spread that the oxidation reaction of the char is very sensitive to the oxygen supply by natural convection in the space above the smolder zone, and that the top end opening condition strongly alters the completeness of reactions, structure, and behavior of the smolder zone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1591-1598
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• 2004

To isolate the $\beta$-galactosidase producing thermophilic bacteria, samples of mud and water were collected from hot springs of avolcanic area near Golden Springs in New Zealand. Among eleven isolated strains, the strain of KNOUC112 produced the highest amounts of $\beta$-galactosidase at 40 h incubation time (0.013 unit). This strain was aerobic, asporogenic bacilli, immobile, gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase positive, and pigment producing. Optimum growth was at 70-72$^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0-7.2, and it could grow in the presence of 3% NaCl. The main fatty acids of cell components were iso-15:0 (30.26%), and iso-17:0 (31.31%). Based on morphological and biochemical properties and fatty acid composition, the strain could be identified as genus Thermus, and finally as Thermus thermophilus by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence. So the strain is designated as Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112. A gene from Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112 encoding $\beta$-galactosidase was amplified by PCR using redundancy primers prepared based on the structure of $\beta$-galactosidase gene of Thermus sp. A4 and Thermus sp. strain T2, cloned and expressed in E. coli JM109 DE3. The gene of Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112 $\beta$-galactosidase(KNOUC112$\beta$-gal) consisted of a 1,938 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 73 kDa that was composed of 645 amino acids. KNOUC112$\beta$-gal was expressed as dimer and trimer in E. coli JM109 (DE3) via pET-5b.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2001

We derive a new relationship between the giant branch slope as measured in the color-magnitude diagram (K, J - K) and [Fe/H] metallicity for old open clusters. Previously such relationships have been derived for globular clusters, while similar tendency has been expected for open clusters. New derived correlation, [Fe/H]=-17.2($\pm$0.23)GB slope - 1.95($\pm$0.02), is based on a collection of data for 10 old open clusters. Most clusters behave as expected from the theoretical predictions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.205-214
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• 2016

Any open Riemann surface has a conformal model in any orientable Riemannian manifold of dimension 4. Precisely, we will prove that, given any open Riemann surface, there is a conformally equivalent model in a prespecified orientable 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold. This result along with [5] now shows that an open Riemann surface admits conformal models in any Riemannian manifold of dimension ${\geq}3$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.462-470
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• 1988

1,597 cases of operation on the cardiovascular disease were performed at the Hanyang University Hospital from 1972 to 1987. Of these, 1,005 cases were open heart surgery. It was started from July 1975. Among the open heart cases, 725 were congenital heart diseases and 280 were acquired heart diseases. In congenital heart cases, 554 were acyanotic and 171 were cyanotic. The operative results were as follows; the overall mortality of cardiovascular surgery was 7.1%, the open heart mortality was 9.5%. This analyses were reported in memory of the achievement of 1,000 cases of open heart surgery.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.603-611
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• 2012

We introduce the concept of fuzzy $r$-minimal ${\alpha}$-open set on a fuzzy minimal space and some basic properties. We also introduce the concepts of fuzzy $r$-M ${\alpha}$-continuous and fuzzy $r$-M($M^*$) ${\alpha}$-open mappings, and investigate characterization for such mappings.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.672-677
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• 1986

From April, 1984 to August, 1986, 214 cases of cardiovascular surgeries had been performed at Yeungnam University Hospital consisting 158 open heart surgeries and 56 non-open heart surgeries. The leading cardiac anomaly of open heart surgeries was ventricular septal defect which was 43% of congenital heart diseases, and most of remaining non-open heart surgeries were ligating patent ductus arteriosus. We had observed 33 postoperative complications such as wound problems, transient arrhythmia, postpericardiotomy syndrome, bleeding requiring reoperation and so on. 3 cases of surgical mortality were present [2 in congenital heart diseases and 1 in acquired heart disease], which resulting 1.9% of surgical mortality rate in the open heart surgeries.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.745-754
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• 2016

In a graph G = (V, E), a non-empty set $S{\subseteq}V$ is said to be an open packing set if no two vertices of S have a common neighbour in G. The maximum cardinality of an open packing set is called the open packing number and is denoted by ${\rho}^{\circ}$. In this paper, we examine the effect of ${\rho}^{\circ}$ when G is modified by deleting a vertex.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.39 no.3_4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2021

This article is devoted to introduce the notion of fuzzy cleanly covered fuzzy topological spaces; in addition two strong fuzzy separation axioms are studied. By means of fuzzy maximal open sets some properties of fuzzy cleanly covered fuzzy topological spaces are obtained and also by means of fuzzy maximal closed sets few identical results of a fuzzy topological spaces are investigated. Through fuzzy minimal open and fuzzy maximal closed sets, two strong fuzzy separation axioms are discussed.