• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to determine whether the combined use of one-bottle self-etch adhesives and composite resins from same manufacturers have better bond strengths than combinations of adhesive and resins from different manufacturers. Materials and Methods: 25 experimental micro-shear bond test groups were made from combinations of five dentin adhesives and five composite resins with extracted human molars stored in saline for 24 hr. Testing was performed using the wire-loop method and a universal testing machine. Bond strength data was statistically analyzed using two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Two way ANOVA revealed significant differences for the factors of dentin adhesives and composite resins, and significant interaction effect (p < 0.001). All combinations with Xeno V (Dentsply De Trey) and Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (Kuraray Dental) adhesives showed no significant differences in micro-shear bond strength, but other adhesives showed significant differences depending on the composite resin (p < 0.05). Contrary to the other adhesives, Xeno V and BondForce (Tokuyama Dental) had higher bond strengths with the same manufacturer's composite resin than other manufacturer's composite resin. Conclusions: Not all combinations of adhesive and composite resin by same manufacturers failed to show significantly higher bond strengths than mixed manufacturer combinations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3667-3674
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to survey the perceptions and attitudes of university students towards the disabled. The subject's were 794 students from "D" University. The collected data was analyzed using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ Test. For the disabled daily life and care-givers, many students considered that the disabled needed to be cared for by the government or public organizations. The students also considered that there would be no adverse effects on education if there was a special school in their village. They collected information related to the disabled from mass communication. They came up with government support being the most effective way of improving the awareness of the disabled. The specific positive attitudes about the disabled were as follows: emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and interchange. The attitudes for the disabled people showed a difference according to gender and grade. The results of the study showed that the perception and attitudes can be established based on the information collected.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.361-371
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• 2016

This study examined the factors influencing the happiness of employees of the SME manufacturing industry. Data were collected from 139 employees using structured questionnaires, and were analyzed by a t-test, one way-ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS/WIN Ver 18.0 program. In general characteristics, happiness was significantly associated with age, level of education, religion, monthly income, monthly income satisfaction, position in the working area, and way of working. Happiness was positively correlated with self-esteem and perception of interpersonal caring behavior, and was negatively correlated with job stress. The factors influencing happiness was self-esteem and perception of interpersonal caring behavior, which explained 46.6%. Self-esteem and the perception of interpersonal caring behavior should be considered for improving the happiness of employees. The results will form the basis of nursing interventions to increase employees' happiness in the SME manufacturing industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6558-6566
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the constituents of vocational competency affecting the professionalism of dental hygienists. The subjects in this study were 230 dental hygienists who worked in university hospitals, dental hospitals, dental clinics and public dental clinics. A survey was conducted from December, 2013, to February, 2014. To assess their vocational competency and professionalism by general characteristics, one-way ANOVA and t-test were utilized, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. To determine what elements of vocational competency affected their professionalism, multiple regression analysis was made, and standardized regression coefficients were calculated to represent the influence of the elements. As a result, it's found that the professionalism of the dental hygienists were under the influence of their self-development skills, organizational understanding and mathematical ability. To foster self-development skills, discussion method should be utilized, and team teaching should be used to improve organizational understanding. Besides, internship and on-the-job training should be managed in a more systematic way.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-42
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• 2023

Seed dispersal supports community structure, maintains genetic connectivity across fragmented landscapes, and influences vegetation assemblages. In the Philippines, only two seed dispersal studies have compared different dispersal agents. We examined the seed dispersal patterns of water, wind, birds, and bats in the Caliraya Watershed, Philippines. We aimed to determine the floral species that were dispersed and how the forest characteristics influenced seed dispersal. By running seed rain traps and drift litter collection from March to June 2022, we analyzed 14,090 seeds in a privately owned study site within the watershed. Water did not exclusively disperse any species and acted as a secondary disperser. Seed density (seeds/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=166) and bat-dispersed (n=145) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=79) seeds (One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F_2,87=16.21, P<0.0001). Species number (species/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=3.7) and bat-dispersed (n=3.9) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=0.2) seeds (One-way ANOVA: F_2,87 =16.67, P<0.0001). Birds dispersed more species because they are more diverse and access a wider variety of fruits, unlike bats. Birds and bats target different fruits and provide separate seed dispersal services. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that the number and basal area of fleshy fruit trees most strongly influenced the bird seed dispersal patterns. Therefore, we recommend a three-way approach to restoration efforts in the Caliraya Watershed: (1) ensure the presence of fleshy fruit trees in restoration zones, (2) assist the establishment of mid-successional and wind-dispersed trees, and (3) intensify the conservation efforts for both flora and faunal diversity.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the stress and temporomandibular joint disorders that can affect the oral health level of college students and to identify the relationship between oral health-related quality of life. Data survey was conducted from June 3, 2021 to July 8, 2021, targeting 227 college students in some areas of Daejeon, and was analyzed using independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. As a result, temporomandibular joint disorder showed a positive correlation with all stress sub-factors, and oral health-related quality of life showed a negative correlation with all stress sub-factors and temporomandibular joint disorder. Also, it was found that temporomandibular joint disorder, interpersonal stress, and values stress had an effect on oral health-related quality of life. Based on the above results, it is required to find a systematic way to improve the quality of life related to oral health by preventing stress and temporomandibular joint disorder among college students.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of curing methods of adhesive resins and resin cements in the root canal. Crown portions of 32 single-rooted mandibular premolars were removed. Routine endodontic treatment was done, and 9 mm deep post spaces were prepared within root canals. No.3 FRC Postec posts (Ivoclar-Vivadent AG, Liechtensteih) were cemented in the post spaces by self-(SC) or light-curing (LC) using two dual-cured adhesives (Adper Scotchbond multi-purpose plus and Exite DSC )and resin cements (RelyX ARC and Variolink II). They were assigned to 4 groups (n=8): R-SC, R-LC, V-SC, V-LC group. After stored in distilled water for 24 hours, each root was transversally sectioned with 1.5 mm thick and made three slices. The specimens were subjected to push-out test in a universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu Co., Japan) with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were analyzed with repeated ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. Also the interface of post-resin cement and resin cement-canal wall of each group was observed under FE-SEM. When fiber posts were cemented into the root canal using total-etch adhesives, the bond strength and adaptation between post and root canal dentin was affected by curing method. Self-cure of adhesives and resin cements showed higher bond strength and closer adaptation than light-cure of them.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2007

This research examined age differences in the way 3-, 4-, 5-year-old children solve scientific problems involving magnetic and nonmagnetic objects. Their scientific process skills and scientific concepts were examined in 1) hypothesis setting, 2) hypothesis verification and 3) hypothesis application. Data was analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA and Scheffe. Children's scientific process skill presented differences by age in each phase of problem solving. That is, the scientific concept level demonstrated by 4-year-olds was higher than that of the 3-year-olds. That of the 5-year-olds was higher than the 4-year-olds. In addition, in all age groups, the children showed a higher level of understanding about magnetic and non-magnetic objects in the hypothesis application phase than in the hypothesis setting phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.41-57
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• 2009

Evaluations of fashion products are often influenced by consumers' knowledge of the country where the products were made in. As globalization progresses, country-of-origin information is widely regarded as a powerful cue on consumers' shopping behavior. The purpose of study was to examine the consumer evaluation of apparel products with uni-national or bi-national country of origin. The effect of price level and gender were also investigated. The empirical research design took 2${\times}$2 factorial design with the country-of-origin coincidence (uni-national vs. bi-national) and price (high vs. low) of gender (male vs. female). Consumers' ethnocentrism and country-of-origin interest were taken into account as covariates in the factorial design. The consumers' evaluation of fashion products was measured in terms of brand attitudes and product attitudes. Data from 514 respondents were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Results of this study affirmed the importance of price information rather than country-of-origin coincidence in brand attitudes and product attitudes. Only for male consumers, interaction effects of price and country-of-origin coincidence had significant eflects on utilitarian attitude. Effects of two covariate variables included in the study were significant for female respondents but not for male respondents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.9_10 s.157
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• pp.1366-1377
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• 2006

The purposes of this study was to find out 1) the difference in the importance degree of store attribute according to interaction between fashion product types and task situations, 2) the difference in the importance degree of store attribute according to the patronized store types on the basis of fashion product types. The subjects were female adults who lived in Seoul. The sampling method was quota sampling. The data was obtained from 391 questionnaires. The data were analyzed using frequency, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and two-way ANOVA by means of SPSS. The results were as follows; 1. According to fashion product types and task situations, there were significant differences in factors of product features, services, physical environments of the store, and price. 2. According to interaction between fashion product types and task situations, there were significant differences in factors of product features, services, physical environments of the store, and price. 3. There were significant differences in factors of product features, services, physical environments of the store, and location of store according to patronized store types, when a consumer purchased a suit, casual wear and inner wear.