• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1778-1784
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• 2016

we improved the performance by parallelizing lane detection algorithms. Lane detection, as a intellectual assisting system, helps drivers make an alarm sound or revise the handle in response of lane departure. Four kinds of algorithms are implemented in order as following, Gaussian filtering algorithm so as to remove the interferences, gray conversion algorithm to simplify images, sobel edge detection algorithm to find out the regions of lanes, and hough transform algorithm to detect straight lines. Among parallelized methods, the data level parallelism algorithm is easy to design, yet still problem with the bottleneck. The high-speed data level parallelism is suggested to reduce this bottleneck, which resulted in noticeable performance improvement. In the result of applying actual road video of black-box on our parallel algorithm, the measurement, in the case of single-core, is approximately 30 Frames/sec. Furthermore, in the case of octa-core parallelism, the data level performance is approximately 100 Frames/sec and the highest performance comes close to 150 Frames/sec.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.657-663
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• 2014

Since 2007, the defect confirmation test for vehicles using PEMS has been enforced in USA. This test can measure emissions from on-street vehicles using a device mounted on a car. Europe has confirmed its plan for introducing this test from EURO6, 2013. Thus, the Korean government is also under pressure to adopt this method that reflects the real-world driving conditions using PEMS, considering the emission controls for domestic heavy-duty vehicles. To provide various utilizations of the PEM, this emission test has been developed in accordance with the type of driving road, DPF, ISG, and air conditioner. This research aims to provide the fundamental materials for implementing defect confirmation tests for commercial vehicles, which are appropriate for domestic emission control situations, after studying the defect confirmation test methods for heavy-duty vehicles using PEMS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.77-81
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• 2009

There has been an increasing demand on measurement of the vibration levels in commercial truck shipments, where all packaged products are exposed to some levels of random vibration and shock. In this study, bear glass bottles loaded at the front, middle, and rear positions of 11 tonne truck bed was shipped from Kwangju to Waegouan. Vertical direction vibration levels were analysed and matching laboratory random vibration test was performed using power spectral density (PSD) profiles derived from truck transit records. Also, the effects of drop hight on glass bottles were evaluated. As expected, the maximum vibration levels were recorded at the rear of truck bed. No breakage of bottles were observed during truck transit and laboratory random vibration testing set at 0.52 $G_{rms}$. In drop test, glass bottles were not damaged by bottom side impact, while short side drop impact caused about twice higher bottle breakage rate than that of long side drop impact at 30 cm and 40 cm drop hight.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.210-218
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and nursing activities of severe trauma patients regarding damaged body parts in Busan Regional Emergency Medical Center. Methods: A survey using a 'trauma patient information questionnaire and a list of nurse activities' was conducted with 133 patients over 15 points ISS on EMR from June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2012. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Almost all of the subjects were men, and the mean age was 48.8. The amount of road traffic accidents was 60.4%, and the mean RTS and ISS were 6.08, and 23.14 points. Nursing activities in common were airway management, assessment of LOC & GCS, and EKG monitoring. Most of head and neck trauma patients were cared for manasing using intracranial pressure: each patience had the following assessed: pupil size and light reflex, they were checked the leak of CSF, kept $30^{\circ}$ head elevation, and administered medications. Some of chest trauma patients were treated for chest tube and central venous catheter insertion. Partial abdominal trauma patients were administered analgesic and cared for using arterial pressure measurement. Part of the limbs and pelvis trauma patients were given a blood transfusion. Conclusion: Based on the results, the characteristics and nursing activities were specific according to the specific damaged body parts.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.295-302
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• 2004

On the field of speech processing the treatment of noise is still important problems for speech research. Especially, it has been noticed that the background noise causes remarkable reduction of speech recognition ratio. As the examples of the background noise, there are such various non-stationary noises existing in the real environment as driving noise of automobiles on the road or typing noise of printer. The treatment for these kinds of noises is not so simple as could be eliminated by the former Wiener filter, but needs more skillful techniques. In this paper as one of these trials, we show an algorithm which is a speech enhancement method using a model of mutual inhibition for noise reduction in speech which is contaminated by white noise or background noise mentioned above. It is confirmed that the proposed algorithm is effective for the speech degraded not only by white noise but also by colored noise, judging from the spectral distortion measurement.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.167-174
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• 2011

This paper described the estimation methods of CO2 emission of vehicles. The important of energy and environment has emerged in the world, and the field of vehicle's development as well. CO2 was particularly the object of emission-regulation that caused of global warming. There are performance comparison methods by driving mileage, International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane. We took the measurement by getting data through OBD-II port from vehicle covered 5 km on road. We got the diagnosis information, specific mileage and fuel consumption in this experiment. We are able to expect similar CO2 emission by the methods in the normal speed driving. Also, we can make more realistic approach of CO2 emission by the method of estimation by IPCC and chemical equation for the combustion of Octane in rapid acceleration driving.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

In this paper, a behavior notification system of the harness of a guide dog is implemented for a blind person to get helps for environmental and situational awareness while walking with the guide dog. IMU modules is attached on the guide dog's harness saddle and the acceleration sensor belt is mounted on its thigh. Gait estimation and behavior judgement are performed by recording and analyzing the outputs of the sensors. Performance analysis for seven different kinds of behaviors has been done. The seven different behaviors, which the guide dog recognizes, are descending stairs, climbing stairs, uphill, downhill, stop, flat road, and selective disobedience. Results for the performance analysis show that the average success rate of the behavior rule estimation of harness of the guide dog is 92.78% and the behavior notification system can be effectively used in real situations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.130-138
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• 2015

Despite of recently strengthened vehicle emission regulations, NOx emissions are not decreased in urban areas because of discrepancies between certification emission test modes and real driving conditions. Thus, researches on RDE-LDV (Real-driving Emission-Light-duty Vehicle) have been conducted actively using PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems). In the present study, NOx emissions were measured for 5 Korean light duty vehicles for real driving conditions including city, combined, highway, and up-downhill test route. Emission characteristics were analyzed for averaged NOx emissions per unit driving distance of each driving test routes. Furthermore, MAW (Moving Average Window) method based on $CO_2$ emissions from WLTC, which will be supported for EU regulations, was utilized. It was revealed that DRs (deviation ratios) for diesel vehicles (i.e., 5.1 ~ 8.4) were greater than gasoline vehicles (less than 0.15). Especially DR of diesel vehicle for up-downhill test route was 8.4, which indicates severe NOx emissions.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

In this paper, overseas criteria and research results were reviewed to develop a rational criterion proper to domestic airport runways on measurement of friction coefficient and removal of rubber deposit. The friction coefficients of the runways of the Incheon International Airport were measured by the ASFT(Airport Surface Friction Tester) from August 2007 to July 2009 and the data at intensively landed points were analyzed. Variation of the friction coefficient due to accumulation and removal of tire rubber was analyzed and seasonal influence on the variation were investigated by pavement types. The friction coefficient steadily decreased over a long term despite periodical removal of the rubber deposits. The variation of the friction coefficient in summer was larger than other seasons and asphalt pavement was more sensitive to the seasonal influence than concrete pavement. The friction coefficient of the asphalt pavement with macro texture was even larger than that of early age concrete pavement with micro texture. The variation of the friction coefficient of the asphalt pavement due to the deposit and removal of the tire rubber was also larger than that of the concrete pavement.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

The construction of shield tunnels is being expanded from the small-bore tunnels such as power, telecommunications, water supply, and sewerage pipes to the large bore tunnels such as road and railway tunnels with the advancement of the shield TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) manufacturing technology. Accordingly, the construction of twin shield tunnels is increasing. Peck (1969) reported that the surface settlement trough is well described by a Gaussian distribution on a single shield tunnel. Hereafter, many studies about the surface settlement trough were performed by the field measurement, laboratory model test, and numerical analysis. This study confirmed that the additional surface settlement trough induced by the 2^nd tunneling were well described by using each Gaussian curve for the right and left sides of the settlement trough.