• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

"Cut off line" in automotive passing beam has very important safety function because it serves for headlamp aiming. Headlights that are aimed incorrectly will not only perform poorly but also offend oncoming traffic. In addition, an objective definition of cut off line in low beam is necessary, since a requirement for correct aiming of the beams is specified within all the existing regulations. Accordingly, headlight regulations are requirements that automobiles must satisfy in order to be sold in a particular country. In this study, a more advanced recognition method for the cut off lines of the various headlamps commonly used in Europe, North America, and domestic is suggested and a headlamp testing system is developed to adjust the beam to the country-specific regulation. This system uses image processing technology to detect the cut off lines in the beam patterns of halogen headlamps, high-intensity discharge headlamps, and light-emitting diode headlamps as well.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권5호
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• pp.127-137
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• 1996

In this paper, an algorithm for on-line rightward japanese parsing is proposed. The ambiguity in on-line parsing is accumulated until the input is completely finished, since there is not a space between words in the japanese sentence. Thus the algorithm for morphological analysis, based on modified chart, is used in solving it. And the number of searching a word in dirctionary for morphological analysis is also a puzzling problem. The japanese sentence, consist of N characters, has logically its maximum number of N(N+1)/2 searches in the ordinary on-line analysis, which is nearly twice as many as normal off-line. In this paper, the matter is settled through the modification of dictionary format. In experiment, we can accomplish the rate of analysis which is nearly equal to that of off-line parsing. And it becomes clear that the longer a sentence is, the better an analysis efficiency is.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.158-176
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• 2004

본 연구는 오프라인을 기반으로 한 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 유통체계와 상품판매의 공간적 특성을 밝히는 것이 목적이다. 본 사례업체의 유통체계는 크게 메이커에서의 상품 선정과정과 소비자로의 상품 배송과정으로 구분된다. 이는 물류센터의 기능과 역할을 모두 위탁한 결과이다. 또한 오프라인인 백화점과 구별된 물류시스템을 이용하고 있으며 비용절감과 보다 빠른 배송을 위해 배송부문을 택배사에 외부수주하고 있다. 배송권별 상품판매의 특성을 살펴보면 본사가 입지한 배송권에 상품판매가 집중적으로 이루어지는 형태를 보인다. 이는 오프라인을 기반으로한 인터넷 쇼핑몰이 공간의 제약을 완전하게 극복한 통신판매가 아님을 말해 주는 것이다. 또한 지역별 상품 판매에 영향을 미치는 공간적 분포 요인은 20$\sim$49세의 여성인구수와 거리임이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 형광등 on/off 제어 및 조도를 전력선 통신을 이용하여 원격으로 제어할 수 있는 시스템을 설계하고자 하였다. 각각의 조명기기를 전력선으로 구성되는 네트워크를 구현하였으며 원격 제어 및 조명기기의 on/off 및 조도를 제어하기 위하여 서버를 구성하고 서버에서 각각의 크라이언트를 제어할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 기존 on/off 시스템을 디지털화하여 에러율을 감소시켰으며 회로를 단순화하는데 주안점을 두었다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

연구목적 : 기존의 종이 설문지를 이용한 전통적인 오프라인 설문 방법과 더불어 전자화된 문서를 통한 인터넷 온라인 설문이 연구 방법으로 이용되어 왔고 그를 통한 여러 연구 결과들이 알려지고 있지만, 아직까지 설문 방법에 따른 결과의 차이를 보고한 결과는 없었다. 우리는 성인 인터넷 중독 설문 검사에 온라인 설문에 참여한 대상과 오프라인을 통해 참여한 대상 사이에 기질적인 특성의 차이가 나타나는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 기초 인구학적 정보, 인터넷 중독 설문, Young의 기질 검사 척도가 포함된 설문을 통하여 두 군 간의 특성의 차이가 있는 지를 비교하였다. 총 430명(오프라인 286명, 온라인 144명)이 연구에 참여하였다. 성별과 중독 점수, 정신과적 치료력의 차이가 있어 MANCOVA를 통해 기질 점수에 끼칠 영향을 통제하였다. 결과 : 기질 특성에서 harm avoidance(HA), novelty seeking(NS), reward dependence(RD)의 척도에서는 모두 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. HA와 NS의 경우 온라인군에서 오프라인군에 비해 유의하게 높게 측정되었고, RD는 온라인군에서 유의하게 낮게 측정되었다. 결론 : 이 연구는 온라인군과 오프라인군 사이에 유의한 기질적 특성의 차이가 있음을 보였다. 방법의 차이만으로 설명할 수 없는 이 결과를 더 잘 이해하기 위해선 아직 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.283-287
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• 1996

The exhaust noise reduction of automobile with the active muffler is experimentally investigated. The control algorithm is the filtered-x LMS algorithm and the inverse algorithm with the adaptive line enhancer. Also, the control efficiency is increased with synthesized second harmonic engine frequency. In the experiment, the active muffler is applied to the end of exhaust system in automobile and the control with on-line secondary path modeling method(inverse algorithm) is compared the control of off-line secondary path modeling method. As secondary path transfer functions are changed, the experimental results show that the control performance with on-line method is more efficient than that with off-line method in the exhaust noise reduction of automobile.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.81-99
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• 2001

The world is now meeting the era of e-commerce by development of information technology and the fast increase of use of internet. So, Korean government prepared "the colligation plan for electronic commerce activating" and WTO decides to prolong no custom on e-commerce till November 2001 when the fourth WTO Ministerial Conference holds a meeting. OECD discussed the construction of intellectual property rights of the global dimension at the Global Forum on January 2001 and reached to research the social influence of B-to-B e-commerce and to pursue the acceleration of e-commerce. UNCITRAL(United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) enacted UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce in order to activate e-commerce, and Bolero.net serves electronic Bill of Lading to facilitate cyber trading. The purpose of this paper is to present the direction of confrontation to the these internal and external changes of business environment to Korean enterprises. Off-line enterprises should move fast to e-commerce on the condition that the existing trading at the original markets runs parallel with e-commerce. n needed, off-line enterprises should consider M&A with existing on-line firms. Also, off-line firms make use of Bolero system so that they can carry through paperless trade which means the achievement of efficiency in trading, On-line enterprises should advertise in the form of banner by combination of push and pull styles. B-to-B e-commerce firms should not depend on only the commissions, but they should create characteristic earnings by their peculiar services.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2002

Automated welding and soldering are an important manufacturing issue in order to lower the cost, increase the quality, and avoid labor problems. An off-line programming, OLP, is one of the powerful methods to solve this kind of diversity problem. Unless an OLP system is ready for the path optimization in welding and soldering, the waste of time and cost is unavoidable due to inefficient paths in welding and soldering processes. Therefore, this study attempts to obtain path optimization using a genetic algorithm based on artificial intelligences. The problem of welding path optimization is defined as a conventional TSP (traveling salesman problem), but still paths have to go through welding lines. An improved genetic algorithm was suggested and the problem was formulated as a TSP problem considering the both end points of each welding line read from database files, and then the transit problem of welding line was solved using the improved suggested genetic algorithm.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.455-478
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• 2023

Expectations and interests in blended learning are increasing as universities respond to the educational flow of transition to e-lernring. This study tried to explore and understand the meaning of and the properties of blended instruction. In addition, through the literature review, this study was to find out how bleanded learning affected in teaching and learning situation. Particularly, it was to find out students' preference to the type of blended instruction. Those types are the mixed of or the unique of class instruction(off line), on line, and recorded instruction. To investigate learners' preference to the type of the instruction and also the reason of the preference, in this study, the 27 undergraduate students of the fourth grade in the major of mathematics education in the C university located in G area. By the result, most students preferred the mixed type of instruction involving off line and recorded instruction. The reason is that they could attend to the class while participating in the group activity positively and understand the content through the communication in depth and the instructor's feedback. Because of this reason, they did not prefer to the only one type insturction such as the recorded type.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.774-777
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• 2021

본 논문은 Charge Trap Flash using Ferroelectric(CTF-F) 구조를 가진 3D NAND Flash Memory gate controllability에 대해 분석했다. Ferroelectric 물질인 HfO₂는 polarization 이외에도 high-k 라는 특징을 가진다. 이러한 특징으로 인해 CTF-F 구조에서 gate controllability가 증가하고 Bit Line(BL)에서 on/off 전류특성이 향상된다. Simulation 결과 CTF-F 구조에서 String Select Line(SSL)과 Ground Select Line(GSL)의 채널길이는 100 nm로 기존 CTF 구조에 비해 33% 감소했지만 거의 동일한 off current 특성을 확인했다. 또한 program operation에서 channel에 inversion layer가 더 강하게 형성되어 BL을 통한 전류가 약 2배 증가한 것을 확인했다.