• 융합보안논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2022

최근 봇넷의 광범위한 확산과 고도의 정교함은 기업과 사용자뿐만 아니라 국가 간 사이버전에도 심각한 결과를 초래하고 있다. 이 때문에 봇넷을 탐지하고자 하는 연구는 꾸준히 되고 있다. 하지만, DGA 기반의 봇넷은 기존의 시그니처 및 통계 기반의 기술로는 탐지율은 높지만, 오탐율 또한 높은 한계가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 DGA 기반의 봇넷을 탐지하고자 문자 기반의 n-gram을 활용한 탐지모델을 제안한다. 제안한 모델을 통해 기존의 탐지 기술의 한계인 탐지율을 높이고 오탐율을 최소화할 수 있다. 다양한 DGA 봇넷에서 사용하는 대규모의 도메인 데이터셋과 정상 도메인에 대한 실험을 통해 기존의 모델보다 성능이 우수함을 확인하였다. 제안된 모델의 오탐율은 2~4% 미만이며 전체 탐지 정확도와 F1 점수는 모두 97.5%임을 확인하였다. 이처럼 본 논문에서 제안한 모델을 통해 DGA 기반의 봇넷에 대한 탐지 및 대응 능력이 향상될 것을 기대한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.858-863
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• 2014

본 연구는 성격구조인 자아상태(Ego-state)의 변화를 통해 자신의 성장과 건강의 유익성을 평가하고 있는 교류분석(Transactional Analysis : TA) 과 사람의 생체신호 중 뇌에서 발생하는 전기적 신호를 모니터링하는 뇌파를 이용하여 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 뇌파 검사결과, M형은 건강한 성인의 뇌파 소견으로 잠을 자지 않은 상태에서 후두부에서 a, ${\beta}$가 우세하게 관찰되었다. 특히, ${\beta}$는 긴장하거나 집중되는 정신 활동시 뇌 전체에 광범위하게 나타는데, M형의 실험자들은 N형의 실험자들과는 달리 안정된 상태에서도 ${\beta}$가 주종을 이루는 것을 알 수 있었다. N형은 건강한 성인의 뇌파 소견으로 잠을 자지 않은 상태에서 후두부에서 a, ${\beta}$가 우세하게 관찰되었다. 특히, 안정시에는 긴장이나 집중하는 M형과 달리, 긴장과 눈깜박임 같은 잡음도 나타나지 않았다. 더불어 이고그램의 패턴과 상관없이 A자아의 수치가 높은 대상자는 안정된 상태로 빨리 돌아오지 않고 눈깜박임과 침삼킴, 잡음이 많은 것을 보였다. 그리고 자아상태와 인생태도의 데이터의 차이가 모든 항목에서 같거나 -5이하인 11명의 뇌파가 전반적으로 $20{\mu}V$의 낮은 진폭을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 교류분석이론의 성격 패턴의 이론과 뇌파의 소견이 일치하는 것을 규명하였으며, 이고그램의 각 자아상태에 따라 뇌파 역시 관련이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. extract on lymphocytic leukemia tumor (L1210) cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay The comparison of Ic50 Values of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. extract in L1210 cell lines showed that their susceptibility to these fractons decreased in the following order: adriamycin > Fr.4> Fr. 6> Fr. 5> Fr. 3> Fr. 1> Fr. 2 by the MTT assay. In order to develop an antumicrobial agent, Poncirus trifoliata Raf. was extracted wit ethanol, and then it was fractionated with several mobile phase. The antitumor activities of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activities of ampicillin and ketoconazole as references were compared to those of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. The antimicrobial activities of all fractions from the extract had growth inhibition activities against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi $(MIC\;>\;200{\mu}g/ml)$. These results suggest that fraction 4 of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. possessed the most antitumorous agent.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1773-1778
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• 2009

본 연구는 인공합성보존료를 대체할 수 있는 천연보존료의 개발을 위한 방안으로 대표적인 세균성 식중독 미생물로서 그람 음성균인 Escherichia coli O157:H7과 Salmonella Typhimurium, 그리고 그람 양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus와 Listeria monocytogenes에 대한 항균 특성을 조사하였다. 구아바 가지와 잎의 메탄올과 에탄올 추출물 S. aureus의 생육을 저해하였으며, 아울러 가지와 잎의 아세톤 추출물은 200 ppm 농도의 첨가에서 식중독 원인균 S. aureus균을 전혀 자라지 못하는 결과를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 구아바 잎과 가지의 추출물에 그람 양성균에 대한 높은 항균활성이 있음을 의미하며, 구아바 가지를 항균력을 가지는 소재로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find and compare the differences in stress level, stressor, and coping style of high school students according to their personality traits. And to identify the personality traits contributing to stress reduction. The results of the study can be used as basic data for reducing the stress of adolescents to improve their academic achievement and maintain mental and physical stability. The questionnaire survey was conducted for 10 days from June 7 to June 16, 2017 for S high school students in Chungbuk Province. The study employed four measuring instruments as Ego-gram, Ok-gram, stressor scale, and stress coping type scale. Individual personality traits were classified into ego-states and ok-states in TA (Transactional Analysis). Stressors are classified into 5 categories (school life, home life, human relationship, myself, environment) and stress coping styles are classified into 4 categories (problem-focused coping, social-support coping, feeling-focused coping, hope-thinking coping) used in the previous studies. The collected data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. As a result, the stress level of high school students showed significant differences according to sex, year, grade, sleeping time, personality traits, and coping styles. Personality traits that contributed to the stress increase were NP, AC, 'you positive', 'i negative' and personality trait that contributes to stress reduction is 'you negative.' Therefore, we can judge that individual personality traits have significant effects on stress level, stressor, and coping style and need to find the effective stress management method suitable for individual personality traits using counseling, repetition training, self-suggestion etc.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2014

Glomalin has been suggested as an enhancer for soil stability by promoting the aggregation. In this study, we examined the concentrations of glomalin and microbial characteristics in 25 controlled horticultural soils sampled from Gyeongnam Province. Total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter (p < 0.01), soil microbial biomass carbon (p < 0.05), and dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) in controlled horticultural soils. In addition, the total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with concentrations of total fatty acid methyl esters, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in controlled horticultural soils (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the concentration of total glomalin could be an indicator of microbial biomass richness for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural soils.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.599-606
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• 2004

Gram-positive antagonistic bacilli were isolated from agricultural soils for possible use in biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and/or Pythium ultimum. Among the 65 antagonistic Gram-positive soil isolates, 22 strains were identified as Bacillus species by 16S rDNA sequence analyses. Four strains, including DF14, especially exhibited multiple antagonistic properties against the three damping-off fungi. Genotypic properties of the Bacillus isolates were characterized by rapid molecular fingerprinting methods using repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR), ribosomal intergenic spacer-length polymorphisms (RIS-LP), 16S rDNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP), and strain-specific PCR assays. The results indicated that the REP-PCR method was more valuable than the RIS-LP and 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP analyses as a rapid and reliable approach for bacilli typing and identification. The use of strain-specific primers designed based on 16S rDNA sequence comparisons enabled it to be possible to selectively detect a strain, DF14, which is being used as a biocontrol agent against damping-off fungi.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 1998

For the development of new cephalosporin antibiotics with aminothiazolcarboxymethylethoxyimino moiety on the C-7 position and tetrazolymethyl moiety on the C-3 position of cephe m ring, 7${\beta}$-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxyimino)acetamido]-3-[5-(substituted)tetrazol-2-yl]methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids(28-35) were synthesized. These compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria. They showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli AB 1157, Escherichia coli AB 0111, Escherichia coli BE 1186, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Salmonella typhimurium TV 119, Salmonella typhimurium SL 1102, Staphylococcus aureus IFO 12732, Staphylococcus aureus R-209, but these compounds were not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa N-10.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1997

Background : Glycopeptide antibiotics are the only drugs for treatment of infections due to beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. As the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE) rapidly increases, the hospital infection control practices advisory committee(HICPAC) recommends prudent vancomycin use to detect, prevent and control infection and colonization with VRE. Methods : The inpatients admitted from September to December, 1996 in Pusan National University Hospital, with Gram-positive bacterial infections were evaluated retrospectively to see whether the administrations of glycopeptide antibiotics were appropriate or not, upon comparison with the recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance by HICPAC. Results : Teicoplanin has been chosen more frequently than vancomycin of the glycopeptide antibiotics. The indications of administration of glycopeptides in patients with pneumonia, wound infections, sepsis, and in febrile or neutropenic patients with malignancies were appropriate, but the use of glycopeptides for elimination of merely colonized bacteria in the oral cavity could not be excluded. Inappropriate use of glycopeptides was 10.6%, and inappropriately long-term use without positive culture for beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive organisms was about 40% of total days of drug use. Conclusion : It seems essential for the quality assurance committee to make a plan in teaching the HICPAC recommendations to the medical practitioners who prescribed the glycopeptides inappropriately or used for irrelevantly long to his patient, monitor and survey their use of glycopeptides prospectively and periodically, and if there are repeated inappropriate prescriptions, a certain penalty would be given to the practitioners.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.195-213
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• 2005

This report describes the remedial fields, symptoms, pathology, dosage, prescriptional constitution of 46 studies related to the use of Lignum akebiae main blended prescriptions from Dongeubogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Lignum akebiae as a key ingredient. Lignum akebiae blended prescriptions are utilized 17.4% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of urine. Prescriptions that utilize Lignum akebiae as the main ingredient are used commonly in the treatment of the symptoms of a urine and a cystic disease related to the urinary organs, or the diseases of eye, ear, nose, throat and the symptoms of a tumor, abscess. Lignum akebiae is utilized for an etiological and pathologenic fators related to heat, dampness, phlegm and summer heat such as excessive fever of heart and bladder, fever of small intestine, lower energizer dampness and heat, fever due to blood deficiency, phlegm fire, affection by summer heat and dampness etc. The clinical dosage of Lignum akebiae is 1 don(about 3.75gram), according to symptoms, it has ranged at a wide variety of amounts from 3 pun(about 1.13gram) to 1.5 don(about 11.25gram). Lignum akebiae is widely applied with base prescriptions such as Dozuksan, Moktongchajuntang, Manjunmoktongtang. etc.