• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.253-268
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• 1993

The author studied on the 109 cases of ameloblastoma which had been diagnosed with biopsy during the period of 1962 to 1992 at the Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyemyung University Hospital, Youngnam University Hospital, Catholic Medical School Hospital, Pusan National University and Maryknoll Hospital. This study contains the statistical analysis of the treatment method according to the clinicopathological findings such as sex, age, location, chief complaints, duration, radiographic findings, size and recurrence. The results were as follows : 1. The incidence rate was 59.7% in male and 40.3% in female. 2. At the time of diagnosis, the age of the patients ranged from 9 to 69 years(average 31.4years). The cases of 72.4% were in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th decades of life. 3. The majority of cases occurred in the mandible 88.9%, especially in the mandiblar angle area 57.8%. 4. The most prevalent chief complaints was swelling 58.7%. 5. As regards duration, the cases less than 1 year appeared 49.5% and average duration is 31.34months. 6. Unilocular type showed 43.1% and multilocular type appeared 56.9%. 7. Conservative treatment was performed 39.4% and radical treatment was employed 60.6%. 8. There were variations of lesional sizes between 2.0cm and 15cm(average 6.26cm). 9. The recurrence rate is 29.4%. 10. The frequency of treatment was not in association with sexes, locations, chief complaints and sizes. 11. Radical treatment was performed more frequently in cases of older age group(above 20 years old), multilocular cases, above average duration(31.34 months) group and recurrent cases (P<0.05).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.815-823
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of muffins with added Pholiota adiposa powder. Muffins were prepared with different amounts of Pholiota adiposa powder (in 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15% ratios to the flour quantity). For analyzing the quality characteristics during the manufacturing of muffins, the pH, moisture content, dough density, height, specific volume, baking loss, texture, color, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and sensory test results were determined. As the Pholiota adiposa powder content increased, the moisture content of the muffins decreased from 26.72 to 22.56%. The hardness of the muffins was increased with increasing Pholiota adiposa powder content, with the muffins with 15% Pholiota adiposa powder the hardest among all the samples. The inner color of the muffins, particularly the L and b values, decreased with increasing powder content compared to those of the control, but the a value increased. As the Pholiota adiposa powder content increased, the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content of the muffins also increased. In the sensory evaluation, the muffins with 5% Pholiota adiposa powder showed higher values than the control and the other samples in all aspects, showing that 5% Pholiota adiposa powder could be incorporated into muffins to meet the taste and functional needs of the consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.695-702
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of seed vinegar on antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activities of concentrated blueberry vinegar (CBV). Of the nine strains of yeast and six strains of acetic acid bacteria provided by the Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, each strain of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae SRCM 100610, showing the highest ethanol content) and acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter pasteurianus SRCM 101342, showing the highest total acidity) was selected for production of CBVs. Sugar content, pH, total acidity, total phenolic content (TPC), and browning intensity (280 nm and 420 nm) in CBVs using concentrated blueberry juice were $11.05{\sim}12.70^{\circ}Brix$, 2.63~2.98, 1.65~5.72%, 3.03~4.24 mg/mL, 0.95~1.50, and 0.11~0.20, respectively. Sugar content and total acidity of CBVs increased upon addition of seed vinegar, whereas pH, TPC, and browning intensity decreased. Of all CBVs with various additions of seed vinegar, the control showed the lowest $EC_{50}$ values in DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reducing power (23.80, 19.48, and 79.21 dilution factor, respectively), whereas the 40% seed vinegar group showed the highest clear zone diameter values for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus (4.31, 4.59, 5.81, and 3.97, respectively). Antioxidant activities of CBVs were closely correlated with their TPC, browning intensity at 280 nm, pH, and total acidity values, showing correlation determination coefficient ($R^2$) values higher 0.82. However, antimicrobial activities of CBVs were closely correlated with their pH and total acidity values, showing higher $R^2$ values more than 0.92. These results suggest that CBVs using concentrated blueberry juice, S. cerevisiae SRCM 100610, and A. pasteurianus SRCM 101342 may be useful as potentially functional foods for enhancing health.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2009

Purpose: To examine the effect of suboptimal chemotherapy in patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 43 patients who received preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy, followed by radical surgery for the treatment of pathologically proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum from April 2003 to April 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. The delivered radiation dose ranged from 41.4 to 50.4 Gy. The standard group consisted of patients receiving two cycles of a 5-FU bolus injection for three days on the first and fifth week of radiotherapy or twice daily with capecitabine. The standard group included six patients for each regimen. The non-standard group consisted of patients receiving one cycle of 5-FU bolus injection for three days on the first week of radiotherapy. The non-standard group included 31 patients. Radical surgery was performed at a median of 58 days after the end of radiotherapy. A low anterior resection was performed in 36 patients, whereas an abdominoperineal resection was performed in 7 patients. Results: No significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to pathologic responses ranging from grades 3 to 5 (83.3% vs. 67.7%, p=0.456), downstaging (75.0% vs. 67.7%, p=0.727), and a radial resection margin greater than 2 mm (66.7% vs. 83.9%, p=0.237). The sphincter-saving surgery rate in low-lying rectal cancers was lower in the non-standard group (100% vs. 75%, p=0.068). There was no grade 3 or higher toxicity observed in all patients. Conclusion: Considering that the sphincter-saving surgery rate in low-lying rectal cancer was marginally lower for patients treated with non-standard, suboptimal chemotherapy, and that toxicity higher than grade 2 was not observed in the both groups, suboptimal chemotherapy should be avoided in this setting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.798-803
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• 2011

We investigated the changes in chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Deoduk (Codonopsis lanceolata) and Doragi (Platycodon grandiflorum) with heating. Deoduk and Doragi were heated to $110\sim150^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The total polyphenol content of Deoduk and Doragi reached high values of 6.31 and 7.34 mg/g, respectively, at $150^{\circ}C$. The total polyphenol content of raw Deoduk and Doragi were 0.60 and 0.59 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$) of Deoduk and Doragi decreased from 13.94 and 6.83 mg/mL, respectively, in raw samples to 0.81 and 0.94 mg/mL, respectively, in samples heated to $150^{\circ}C$. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of Deoduk and Doragi increased from 0.43 and 0.21 mg AA eq/g, respectively, in raw samples to 3.55 and 4.83 mg AA eq/g, respectively, in samples heated to $150^{\circ}C$. The reducing power of raw Deoduk and Doragi was 0.1 and 0.06, respectively, which was increased to 0.54 and 0.50, respectively, in samples heated to $150^{\circ}C$. Fructose content decreased after heating to $130^{\circ}C$. The sucrose content of the samples increased slowly with heating up to $120^{\circ}C$, but was not detected at warmer temperatures. The organic acid and 5-HMF of the samples increased gradually with increasing temperature.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.432-441
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• 2016

Machaerium cuspidatum, a canopy liana, is a species of genus legume in the Fabaceae family and contributes to the total species richness in the tropical rain forests. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative and anti-cancer effects of M. cuspidatum and its mode of action. The methanol extract of M. cuspidatum (MEMC) exhibited anti-oxidative activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $1.66{\mu}g/ml$, and this was attributable to its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. MEMC also exhibited a cytotoxic effect and induced morphological changes in a dose-dependent manner in several cancer cell lines including human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Moreover, MEMC treatment induced the accumulation of subG1 population, which is indicative of apoptosis in A549 and HepG2 cells. MEMC-induced apoptosis was confirmed by the increase in Annexin V-positive apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies using Annexin-V staining and DAPI staining, respectively. Further investigation showed that MEMC-induced apoptosis was associated with the increase in p53 and Bax expression, and the decrease in Bcl-2 expression. In addition, MEMC treatment led to proteolytic activation of caspase-3, 8, and 9 and degradation of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Taken together, these results suggest that MEMC may exert a beneficial anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis via both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in A549 and HepG2 cells.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on feed utilization, blood parameters, and meat quality of Korean native goats. Totally sixteen Korean native goats, 15 kg of average BW aged at 7 months, were employed in the experiment with eight replicates per treatment. One group was fed quercetin at 200 mg/kg level and the other group was fed none as control for 15 days. Dietary inclusion of quercetin did not affect feed intake, water intake, and the amount of urine and feces. Digestibilities of crude fat, NDF, and ADF for 5 days were not affected, but digestibility of crude protein was increased by the dietary inclusion of qurecetin (P<0.05). Quercetin increased rumen total VFA, propionate, and butyrate significantly (P<0.05). Acetate/propionate ratio (A/P) in the quercetin treated group was significantly higher than control. 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) reducing activity of the loin from goat fed quercetin was higher than that of control. Sensory analysis conducted at 24 hr post mortem revealed that color, texture, and overall acceptability of the loin from goat fed quercetin were significantly preferred to that of control. Feeding quercetin did not influence pH, water holding capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, TBARS value, and fatty acid composition of the loin significantly. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of quercetin increased the digestibility of crude protein, rumen total VFA, propionate, butyrate, and A/P ratio. In addition the higher color and texture preference and ABTS+reducing activity of loin indicating some beneficial effect on enhancement of meat qualityin goats.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contents of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities in teas. A total of 99 teas were tested for their antioxidant activities based on their ability to scavenge DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. Antioxidant activity was expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per 100 g tea sample (L-ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity, AEAC) and was expressed as mg per 1 serving size (free radical scavenging activity, $FSC_{50}$). The total polyphenol contents of the extracts was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the total flavonoid contents of the extracts was determined using a modied method of Davis. Vitamin C was analyzed by HPLC method. According to the AEAC value, mate tea, green tea, black tea, oriental raisin tea, chamomile tea and burdock tea showed relatively high antioxidant activities. Polyphenolic compounds were the major naturally occurring antioxidant compounds found in teas and the high concentrations of total polyphenol compounds were observed in black tea, green tea and mate tea. The high concentrations of total flavonoid compounds were observed in mate tea, black tea and yam tea and the amount of vitamin C contents were found to be high in citron tea and green tea. As a result, steeping tea was much higher in antioxidant activity than either powdered tea or liquefied tea. According to the study, a high correlation was demonstrated between the total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities in teas (r = 0.846) and correlations between the total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities was statistically significant in teas (r = 0.625). It was found that also the proportional relationship established among the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities. That is, antioxidant activity of teas has been confirmed to have been caused by the total polyphenol.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.520-527
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• 2015

This study investigated the physiological activities of garlic extracts frozen at -20, -80, and $-196^{\circ}C$. To determine the optimum freezing temperature for maintaining garlic's physiological activity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging ability, SOD-like activity, nitrite-scavenging ability, and reducing power. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids of garlic extract frozen at $4^{\circ}C$ (control) were measured as $6.91{\pm}0.69{\mu}gGAE/g$ and $0.315{\pm}0.017{\mu}gQE/g$, respectively. Although the content of total phenolic compounds was not affected by the different freezing temperatures, the flavonoids contents of garlic extract frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ were slightly decreased. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of garlic extracts (2 mg/mL) frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$ was 61%, whereas those frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-196^{\circ}C$ were 51%. SOD-like activity was slightly increased by freezing. However, the nitrite scavenging ability (18% at pH 3.0) and reducing power (OD700=1.6) were not affected by freezing temperatures. Antimicrobial activities did not show significant differences depending on freezing temperatures. Taken together, the physiological activities of the frozen garlic extracts were not significantly changed by the freezing temperatures; however, the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of the phenolic compounds and flavonoids were maintained at $-80^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that $-80^{\circ}C$ frozen garlic could maintain a higher quality than the conventional freezing method ($-20^{\circ}C$) without loss of physiological activities during the storage.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.246-251
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• 2005

Purpose: Benign anastomotic stricture after an esophagojejunostomy using EEA stapler following a radical total gastrectomy is one of the most serious complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence risk factors, and treatment associated with benign stricture. Materials and Methods: From March 1998 to February 2001, 436 patients underwent an esophagojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis using an EEA stapler followed by an endoscopy. Thirty three of the 436 patients(5.5%) developed an anastomotic stricture; included 24 of the 33 patients had a benign stricture. Nine patients with a malignant stricture were excluded. Results: The median age of the 436 patients was 57 years $(23{\sim}85\;years)$. Two hundred ninety two patients were male, and 144 patients were female. The median time to diagnosing the stricture was 1.5 months $(0.5{\sim}6months)$. There was no statistical significance in any of the risk factors, including the diameter of the stapling device, the status of adjuvant treatment, the status of reflux esophagitis, and a clinical history of diabetes and hypertension. The strictured patients were treated with balloon dilatation, one to three times, with symptom relief. Conclusion: There were no statistically significant risk factors. However, further study of the vascularity of anastomoses and benign strictures needs to be considered. In the anastomotic strictured patients endoscopic balloon dilatation appeared to be the first line of treatment.