• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2000

This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of the inhibitory action of a nitric oxide (NO) donor, 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1), on contraction, cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ level $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ and ionic currents in guinea-pig ileum. SIN-1 $(0.01{\sim}100\;{\mu}M)$ inhibited 25 mM KCl- or histamine $(10\;{\mu}M)-induced$ contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. SIN-1 reduced both the 25 mM KCl- and the histamine-stimulated increases in muscle tension in parallel with decreased $[Ca^{2+}]_i.$ Using the patch clamp technique with a holding potential of -60 mV, SIN-1 $(10\;{\mu}M)$ decreased peak Ba currents $(I_{Ba})$ by $30.9{\pm}5.4%$ (n=6) when voltage was stepped from -60 mV to +10 mV and this effect was blocked by ODQ $(1\;{\mu}M),$ a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. Cu/Zn SOD (100 U/ml), the free radical scavenger, had little effect on basal $I_{Ba},$ and SIN-1 $(10\;{\mu}M)$ inhibited peak $I_{Ba}$ by $32.4{\pm}5.8%$ (n=5) in the presence of Cu/Zn SOD. In a cell clamped at a holding-potential of -40 mV, application of $10\;{\mu}M$ histamine induced an inward current. The histamine-induced inward current was markedly and reversibly inhibited by $10\;{\mu}M$ SIN-1, and this effect was abolished by ODQ $(1\;{\mu}M).$ In addition, SIN-1 markedly increased the depolarization-activated outward $K^+$ currents in the all potential ranges. We concluded that SIN-1 inhibits smooth muscle contraction mainly by decreasing $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ resulted from the inhibition of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels and the inhibition of nonselective cation currents and/or by the activation of $K^+$ currents via a cGMP-dependent pathway.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

Three hundred and fourteen low back pain patients completed the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (KODQ) and the Rasch analysis was then applied to identify the inappropriate items and to determine ODQ item difficulties according to a subject's characteristics. For women and youths, the 'sex life' item showed misfit statistics, whereas for older subjects it was the 'pain intensity' and 'standing' items. Also, in the acute low back group the 'pain intensity', 'standing' and 'sex life' items showed misfit statistics. For all subjects, the most difficult item was 'pain intensity', whereas the easiest item was 'walking'. But for the older and acute groups 'lifting' was the most difficult item and for those who have a visual analogue scale score of 3 or less 'sitting' was the most difficult item. These results show that differential item functioning is present in several items according to sex, age, acute and chronic pain, and VAS score. This study may be useful for adjusting the KODQ item difficulties for low back pain patients with different characteristics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1036-1040
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study is to measure the effect of Tuber Pinelliae on EP(epinephrine) induced contraction of isolated rat thoracic aorta. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducer under 1.5g loading tension. The mean percent increasing of rCBF was 11.4% (p<0.05) after 10㎎/㎏ Tuber Pinelliae. Contractions evoked by EP (ED50) and KCI 65.4mM were decreased significantly by Tuber Pinelliae. L-NNA, ODQ and atropine significantly altered the effect of Tuber Pinelliae, but propranolol and indomethacin did not change the relaxation of Tuber Pinelliae. These results indicate that Tuber Pinelliae can relax EP and KCI induced contraction of isolated rat thoracic aorta and that this decreasing contraction related to epithelium, nitric oxide, and parasympathetics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.457-462
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• 2004

Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen has been used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of heat, paralysis of the hands or feet, or hemiplegia. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen to the phenylephrine (PE) induced contraction of isolated rat aorta Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducer under 1.5 g loading tension. Contractions evoked by PE 0.1 μM were significantly increased by low dosage of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen, decreased by high dosage of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen. L-NNA, ODQ and propranolol significantly altered the effect of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen, but indomethacin did not change the relaxation of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen. These results suggest that Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen can relax EP induced contraction of isolated rat aorta and that this decreasing contraction related to sympathetics.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2003

The effects of nitric oxide on the vestibular function recovery following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) were studied. Sprague-Dawley male rats, treated with nitric oxide liberating agent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NOS inhibitor $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), were subjected to destruction of the unilateral vestibular apparatus, and then spontaneous nystagmus was observed in the rat. To explore the effects of nitric oxide on the neuronal excitability, whole cell patch clamp technique was applied on isolated medial vestibular nuclear neurons. The frequency of spontaneous nystagmus in SNP treated rats was lesser than that of spontaneous nystagmus in control animals. In contrast, pre-UL treatment with L-NAME resulted in a significant increase in spontaneous nystagmus frequency. In addition, SNP increased the frequency of spontaneous action potential in isolated medial vestibular nuclear neurons. Potassium currents of the vestibular nuclear neurons were inhibited by SNP. After blockade of calcium dependent potassium currents by high EGTA (11 mM) in a pipette solution, SNP did not inhibit outward potassium currents. 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinozalin-1-one (ODQ), a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, inhibited the effects of SNP on the spontaneous firing and the potassium current. These results suggest that nitric oxide after unilateral labyrinthectomy would help to facilitate vestibular compensation by inhibiting calcium-dependent potassium currents through increasing intracellular cGMP, and consequently would increase excitability in ipsilateral vestibular nuclear neurons.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2002

Carbon monoxide (CO) are produced by heme oxygenase (HO), and HO was detected in hypothalamus. However, the roles of CO produced in hypothalamus was not fully elucidated. So, we tested the effects of CO on body temperature because preoptic-anterior hypothalamus was known as the presumptive primary fever-producing site. CO-saturated aCSF ($4{\;}{\mu}l$, i.c.v.) and hemin ($10{\;}{\mu}g$, i.c.v.) elicited marked febrile response. Pretreatment with indomethacin completely inhibited CO- and hemin-induced fever. Zinc protoporphyrin-IX ($10{\;}{\mu}g$, i.c.v.) or ODQ ($50{\;}{\mu}g$, i.c.v.) partially reduced hemin-induced febrile response. Dibutyryl-cGMP ($100{\;}{\mu}g$, i.c.v.) produced profound febrile response and this febrile response was attenuated by indomethacin. These results indicate that endogenous CO may have a role as a pyrogenic mediator in CNS and CO-mediated pyresis is dependent on prostaglandin production and partially on activation of soluble guanylate cyclase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2003

This study is to determine the effect of Fructus Rubi to the phenylehrine (PE) induced contraction of isolated rat aorta. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducer under 1.5g loading tension. Contractions evoked by PE 0.1 μM and KCI 65.4 mM were decreased significantly by Fructus Rubi. L-NNA, ODQ, indomethacin and atropine significantly altered the effect of Fructus Rubi, but propranolol did not change the relaxation of Fructus Rubi. These results indicate that Fructus Rubi can relax EP and KCI induced contraction of isolated rat aorta and that this decreasing contraction related to epithelium, nitric oxide, and parasympathetics.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2002

Objective : The objective of this study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) in rats with the following injection. Methods : The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter-Transonic Instrument, USA- and pressure tranducer(Grass, USA) in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats about for two hour to two hour and a half hours through the data acquisition system composed of Maclab and Macintosh computer. Result : This experiment with Samso-eum increased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly, but did not change the blood pressure. The rCBF of Samso-eum decreased by pretreated propranolol, and was not changed by pretreated L-NNA and ODQ. Conclusion : It is considered that the dosage-dependent increase on rCBF is mediated by adrenegic ${\beta}$-receptor.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.797-801
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• 2005

While conducting an in vitro screening of various medicinal plant extracts, an aqueous extract of Rosa rugosa Radix (ARR) was found to exhibit a distinct vasorelaxant activity. ARR induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta. This effect disappeared with the removal of functional endothelium. Pretreatment of the aortic tissues with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3-]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) completely inhibited the relaxation induced by ARR. ARR-induced vascular relaxations were also markedly attenuated by addition of diltiazem or verapamil. However, the relaxant effect of ARR was not blocked by pretreatment with indomethacine, tetraethylammonium (TEA), glibenclamide, atropine, or propranolol. Taken together, the present study suggests that ARR dilates vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent NO/cGMP signaling.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2001

This study was aimed to investigate the effect Chukdamtanggamibang on the vascular systems including changes in blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of male Sprague-Dawely rats, contractile force of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and abdominal aorta and femoral artery in rabbits. Blood pressure was not affected by Chukdamtanggamibang in rats. rCBF was significantly increased by Chukdamtanggamibang in a dose-dependent manner. Contractile force of isolated guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle evoked by His ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. Propranolol, indomethacin and methylene blue did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. Contractile force of isolated rabbit`s abdominal aorta and femoral artery evoked by NE ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. ODQ and L-NNA significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Chukdamtanggamibang in abdominal aorta, whereas propranolol did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. These results indicate that Chukdamtanggamibang can relax hitamine-induced contraction of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and that this inhibition involves, in part, the relation to the soluble guanylyl cyclase synthesis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.