• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

Whole cotton seed (WCS) has become one of the major feed ingredients in TMR for dairy cattle in Korea, and WCS for feed use is mostly imported from abroad. Since this genetically modified oil seed is usually fed to the animal in raw state, its germination ability, if last long, often causes concerns about ecological disturbances. In the process of looking for effective conditions to remove germination ability of WCS this study had the objectives to evaluate the nutritional effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 8, 10 and 12 kGy on changes in nutrient contents, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro digestibility and ruminal degradability. No significant differences were found in proximate analysis of nutrients between raw WCS and gamma irradiated one. Glycine and threonine contents significantly increased when the WCS was exposed to gamma ray as compared to untreated WCS (p<0.05). As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed with the irradiation treatment. Free gossypol in WCS was decreased (p<0.05) by gamma irradiation treatment. Of the 3 different levels of gamma irradiation, a dose of 12 kGy was found to be the most effective in reducing free gossypol concentration. Results obtained from in situ experiment indicated that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy significantly (p<0.05) lowered rumen degradability of both dry matter and crude protein as compared with raw WCS. However, there were no significant differences in rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions of crude protein due to 10 kGy gamma irradiation. Overall, this study show that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy is the optimum condition for removing germination ability of WCS, and could improve nutritive value for the ruminant with respect to the decrease in both ruminal protein degradability and gossypol content of WCS.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of adding phytase on nutrient availability and serum Ca and P level and to determine the effects of phytase on laying performance and egg quality in laying hens. In Exp. 1, twenty four laying hens(1.9kg average body weight and 78.4% egg production) were allotted to four treatments. Treatments included 1) corn-soybean meal based-control diet and 2), 3) and 4) control diet with phytase 200, 400 and 600 unit/kg, respectively. There were no significant effects of treatments on dry matter and nitrogen digestibility(P〉0.05). Ash, Ca and P digestibility in layer fed diet with phytase were greater than those in layer fed control diet(P〈0.05). Laying hens fed diets with phytase 200 and 400 unit retained more Ca than those fed other treatments (P〈0.05). No statistical difference was found for Ca exsretion(P〉0.05). P retention was greater for laying hens fed diet phytase 600 unit than other treaments(P〈0.05). P level in serum was higher for laying hens fed diets with phytase 400 and 600 unit than for laying hens fed other treatments. In Exp. 2, three hundred, IAS Brown layer, 40-week-old, divided into two treatment groups(control vs phytase supplementation without inorganic phosphate in the diets) with five replications per treatment and 30 layers per replication were fed the diets for 6 weeks. Egg production, egg weight and eggshell breaking strength and thickness were not different significantly(P〉0.05). In conclusion, phytase supplementation can be used to increase P utilization and retention in laying hens. Also, phytase supplementation was effective to spare inorganic phosphate in laying hen diets without any adverse effects on production performances.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2012

유기과원에서 자생하는 겨울나기 한해살이 초종을 조사하여 과수에 양분공급을 할 수 있는 유망한 녹비자원을 선정하기 위해서 2009년에 수행되었다. 전남지역에 위치한 유기과원 총 13곳을 선정하여 4월과 6월에 자생하는 초종을 조사하였다. 건물중은 4월에 쥐보리가 6월에는 참새귀리가 가장 높았다. 초종별 질소와 칼리의 토양 환원량은 4월에는 쥐보리와 새완두 살갈퀴가 높았고 6월에는 참새귀리가 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 시험에서는 두과 작물인 새완두와 살갈퀴가 토양에 충분한 양의 양분을 환원할 수 있는 유망한 녹비자원으로 판단되었다. 인산은 초종에 상관없이 10~15년생의 과일나무가 생장하기 위해 필요한 수준 이하를 나타내어 추가의 외부 공급이 필요하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

농업은 작물잔사, 가축분뇨, 음식쓰레기 등의 지역자원을 퇴비화하여 이용하는 순환산업이며, 작물 생육은 빛, 물, 공기, 온도 및 양분 등이 필요하며 유해물질이 없어야한다. 유용미생물처리 음식쓰레기와 계분혼합물 횡형 밀폐원통형 교반방식 퇴비화처리시설에서 얻어진 최종퇴비는 발아율, 산소호흡지수 및 염분농도 등의 수치가 작물 생육에 유해하므로 부적합하였다. 생산된 유용미생물처리 음식쓰레기와 계분혼합물 퇴비를 분석한 결과, 퇴비공정규격, 건물기준 유기물 함량 60% 이상, 유기물대 질소비 50 이하, 탄질비 20 이하를 충족하고, 중금속함량이 미량 함유된 것으로 나타났으나, 발아율이 60% 이하, 칼리 성분이 1.2%,dm 이상 및 염분농도가 1.4%, dm 이상 등으로서 부적합한 것으로 판정되었다. 생물계폐기물 자원순환을 위한 유용미생물처리 고속퇴비화시설의 건설은 환경 친화적인 양질퇴비생산으로서 지역자원을 순환 이용하는 사회 구축이 목표이므로, 인근주민과 주변 환경에 악영향을 차단하기 위하여 양질퇴비 생산과 함께, 오폐수, 분진, 소음, 진동, 악취 및 이물질을 분리 배출하는 고효율설비가 부수적으로 반드시 필요하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine the nutrient utilization of rump round meat and lotus root using young (32 wk) and aged hens (108 wk) as an animal model. Rump round meat and lotus root were prepared with or without enzymatic treatment. For each age group of laying hens, a total of 24 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments with six replicates. For rump round meat, the true total tract retention rate (TTTR) of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) were unaffected by either enzymatic treatment or hen age. However, aged hens had greater (p<0.01) TTTR of energy and crude fat than young hens. Enzymatic treatment did not influence the TTTR of energy or crude fat. In addition, we did not observe any significant interaction between the TTTR of DM, energy, N, or crude fat in rump round meat and hen age or enzymatic treatment. The TTTR of DM remained unchanged between controls and enzyme-treated lotus root for young hens. However, enzyme-treated lotus root exhibited greater (p<0.05) TTTR of DM than control lotus root for aged hens, resulting in a significant interaction (p<0.05). The TTTR of energy and N in lotus roots were greater (p<0.01) for aged hens than for young hens. In conclusion, enzymatic treatment exerted beneficial effects on energy and nutrient utilization in aged hens, suggesting the aged hen model is practical for simulation of metabolism of elderly individuals.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2000

Thymus속의 common thyme과 thyme의 담액수경 재배시 배양액의 이온농도를 달리하여 두 종의 생육과 품질을 비교하였다. 배양액의 이온농도는 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 그리고 $7.2mS.cm^{-1}$로 하였다. 두 종 모두 $0.5(EC=1.2\;mS.cm^{-1})$배와 1배의 낮은 이온농도 처리에서 생육이 좋았다. Common thyme과 lemon thyme의 생육은 배양액내 이온농도가 높아질수록 건물율은 증가했으나 초장, 근장과 생체중은 감소하였다. 엽록소 함량은 lemon thyme에서 더 높았으나 비타민 C의 함량과 정유함량은 common thyme에서 더 높았다. 두 종간의 주요 정유 성분 차이를 보면, common thyme의 주성분은 thymo과 carvacrol이고, lemon thyme은 geranio과 ${\alpha}-citral$로 각각 정유 성분의 50~70%를 차지하고 있다. 이들의 각 주성분의 함량은 생육이 좋았던 0.5배에서 가장 많았다. 결과적으로 수경재배시 common thyme과 lemon thyme 모두 허브 배양액 0.5배액으로 재배시 우수한 품질의 작물을 생산할 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1981-1986
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S.m.) aerial parts as an alternative ingredient on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes in growing rabbits. Methods: Treatments included five tested diets: a control (basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet+enramycin at 5 mg/kg), and S.m. aerial parts powder added at 3.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0% of feed using 300 growing rabbits. Results: The diets with S.m. aerial parts addition at 9.0% decreased (p<0.05) feed/gain compared to the control, but there were no differences in feed intake and body weight gain. In contrast with the control, the addition of antibiotic increased (p<0.05) digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, fiber, and ash. The herb addition did not cause differences in the digestibility of most nutrients compared to the antibiotic, but fiber digestibility of the herb at 6.0% and 9.0% was lower (p<0.05) than that of the antibiotic. Moreover, the antibiotic and the herb also similarly increased (p<0.05) the activities of duodenal α-amylase, maltase, lipase, and trypsin, compared to the control, and the herb at 6.0% and 9.0% showed a greater (p<0.05) activity of elastase than the dose 3.0%. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that S.m. aerial parts can be a potential forage in rabbit's diet at 9.0% with a beneficial regulation on nutrition and digestion.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

Background: Piton du Milieu (PdM) impounding reservoir is suspected to be eutrophic based on the elevated level of orthophosphate and nitrate. Water supplies from three adjacent rivers are primarily thought to contribute to the nutrient enrichment of the reservoir. It is also suspected that there is leaching of orthophosphate, nitrate and organic matter into the rivers during rainfall events and also as a result of anthropogenic activities within the catchment area. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of nutrient loading on the water quality of PdM water and on the population of freshwater microalgae in the reservoir. The enumeration and identification of algae from PdM were performed by differential interference contrast microscopy. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were determined by electrometric methods, whereas nutrient levels, silica and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined by instrumentation techniques. Results: Annual mean orthophosphate, nitrate and total organic carbon input from the three feeders within the catchment area of PdM reached levels as high as 0.09 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L and 2.62 ppm respectively. Over a 12-month period, mean TOC concentration in the reservoir was 2.32 ppm while the mean algal cell count was 4601 cells/mL. The dominant algal species identified were Oscillatoria, Cyclotella, Navicula and Cosmarium. Conclusion: This study highlights the trophic state of the reservoir water and clearly points to the need for constant monitoring in order to avoid the occurrence of an impending harmful algal bloom.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.695-706
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a steam chamber type on the ruminal fermentable characteristics and nutrient degradabilities of corn flakes in Hanwoo. Three Hanwoo equipped with a ruminal fistula were used as experimental animals. There were two treatments: Corn flake using a steam chamber (CFSC, 1.0 atm - $100^{\circ}C$ 96 min) or corn flake using a pressurized steam chamber (CFPSC, 1.5 atm - $111^{\circ}C$ 12 min), respectively. In the in vitro trial, the ruminal pH was significantly lower in the CFPSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.01). The ammonia concentration was increased by 14.1% in the CFPSC compared to the CFSC (p < 0.05). The concentration of acetic acid was higher in the CFSC than in the CFPSC (p < 0.01). The concentrations of propionate, butyrate and total-VFA at 24 and 48 h were higher in the CFPSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.05). In the in situ trial, the degradability of dry matter was significantly higher in the CFSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.01). In addition, the degradabilities of starch and crude protein were significantly higher in the CFSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.01). Thus, the present results indicate that the pressurized steam chamber could be recommended to improve the feed value of corn flake according to the increase in the starch degradability and volatile fatty acid production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2019

Objective: Apart from various climatic differences, corn harvest stage and varieties are two major factors that can influence the yield and quality of corn silage in the tropics. A study was conducted to determine the optimum harvest stage of four corn varieties for silage production in Malaysia. Methods: Corn was harvested at four growth stages; silking, milk, dough, and dent stages from four varieties; Sweet Corn hybrid 926, Suwan, breeding test line (BTL) 1 and BTL 2. Using a split plot design, the treatments were then analysed based on the plant growth performance, yield, nutritive and feeding values followed by a financial feasibility study for potential commercialization. Results: Significant differences and interactions were detected across the parameters suggesting varying responses among the varieties towards the harvest stages. Sweet Corn was best harvested early in the dough stage due to high dry matter (DM) yield, digestible nutrient, and energy content with low fibre portion. Suwan was recommended to be harvested at the dent stage when it gave the highest DM yield with optimum digestible nutrient and energy content with low acid detergent fibre. BTL 1 and BTL 2 varieties can either be harvested at dough or dent stages as the crude protein, crude fibre, DM yield, DM content, digestible nutrient and energy were not significantly different at either stage. Further financial analysis showed that only Sweet Corn production was not financially feasible while Suwan had the best financial appraisal values among the grain varieties. Conclusion: In conclusion, only the grain varieties tested had the potential for silage making according to their optimum harvest stage but Suwan is highly recommended for commercialization as it was the most profitable.