Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2013.55.2.123

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Nutrient Composition, Anti-nutritional Factors, In vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Degradation of Whole Cotton Seed  

Hahm, Sahng-Wook (Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
Son, Heyin (Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
Kim, Wook (Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
Oh, Young-Kyoon (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Son, Yong-Suk (Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
Publication Information
Journal of Animal Science and Technology / v.55, no.2, 2013 , pp. 123-130 More about this Journal
Abstract
Whole cotton seed (WCS) has become one of the major feed ingredients in TMR for dairy cattle in Korea, and WCS for feed use is mostly imported from abroad. Since this genetically modified oil seed is usually fed to the animal in raw state, its germination ability, if last long, often causes concerns about ecological disturbances. In the process of looking for effective conditions to remove germination ability of WCS this study had the objectives to evaluate the nutritional effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 8, 10 and 12 kGy on changes in nutrient contents, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro digestibility and ruminal degradability. No significant differences were found in proximate analysis of nutrients between raw WCS and gamma irradiated one. Glycine and threonine contents significantly increased when the WCS was exposed to gamma ray as compared to untreated WCS (p<0.05). As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed with the irradiation treatment. Free gossypol in WCS was decreased (p<0.05) by gamma irradiation treatment. Of the 3 different levels of gamma irradiation, a dose of 12 kGy was found to be the most effective in reducing free gossypol concentration. Results obtained from in situ experiment indicated that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy significantly (p<0.05) lowered rumen degradability of both dry matter and crude protein as compared with raw WCS. However, there were no significant differences in rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions of crude protein due to 10 kGy gamma irradiation. Overall, this study show that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy is the optimum condition for removing germination ability of WCS, and could improve nutritive value for the ruminant with respect to the decrease in both ruminal protein degradability and gossypol content of WCS.
Keywords
Whole cotton seed; Gamma irradiation; Nutrient composition; Rumen degradability;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ahn, B. S. and Lee, C. H. 2003. Changes in microbial and chemical composition and sensory characteristics of fermented soybean paste by high dose gamma irradiation (10-20 kGy). Korean J. Food Sci. Tech. 35(6):166-172.   과학기술학회마을
2 Alyevand, F., Coleman, G. and Haisman, D. R. 1967. Fatty odours in food: the reaction between mesityl oxide and sulfur compounds in foodstuffs. Chem. Indust. 37:1563-1569.
3 A.O.A.C. 1995. Official methods of analysis 16th edition. Association of official analytical chemist (Washington D. C.).
4 A.O.C.S. 1987. Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemists' Society. American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, Method Ba 7-58.
5 Arieli, A. 1998. Whole cotton seedin dairy cattle feeding: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 72:97-110.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Berberich, S. A., Ream, J. E., Jackson, T. L. Wood, R., Stipanovic, R., Harvey, P., Patzer, S. and Fuchs, R. L. 1996. The composition of insect-protected cotton seedis equivalent to that of conventional cotton seed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44: 365-371.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Abu, J. O., Muller, K., Duodu, K. G. and Minnaar, A. 2006. Gamma irradiation of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata K. Walp) flours and pastes: Effects on functional, thermal and molecular properties of isolated protein. Food Chem. 95:138-147.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Abu-Tarboush, H. M. 1998. Irradiation inactivation of some antinutritional factors in plant seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46:2698-2702.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Bertrand, J. A., Sudduth, T. Q., Condon, A., Jenkins, T. C. and Calhoun, M. C. 2005. Nutrient content of whole cotton seed. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1470-1477.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Bhat, R., Sridhar, K. R. and Yokotani, K. T. 2007. Effect of ionizing radiation on antinutritional features of velvet seed bean (Mucuna pruriens). Food Chem. 103:860-866.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Ed. Cornell University Press.
12 Tilley, J. M. A. and Terry, R. A. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassland Soc. 18:104-111.   DOI
13 Wang, D. and von Sonntage, C. 1991. Radiation industrial oxidation of phenylalanine. Proceeding of the workshop on recent advances on detection of irradiation foods, BRC Information, Chemical Analysis Commission of the European Communities. pp. 212-217.
14 World health organization. 1999. High-dose irradiation: Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kGy. WHO, Geneva (WHO Technical Report Series no.890). 120-124.
15 Gharaghani, H., Zaghari, M., Shahhoseini, G. and Moravej, H. 2008. Effect of gamma irradiation on antinutritional factors and nutritional value of canola meal for broiler chickens. Asia-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 21:1479-1485.
16 Han, Y. W. 1988. Removal of phytic acid from soybean and cotton seed meals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 36:1181-1183.   DOI
17 Kovacs, E. and Keresztes, A. 2002. Effect of gamma and UV-B/C radiation on plant cell. Micron. 33:199-210.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Lacroixa, M., Lea, T. C., Ouattaraa, B., Yua, H., Letendrea, M., Sabatoc, S. F., Mateescub, M. A. and Patterson, G. 2002. Use of gamma-irradiation to produce films from whey, casein and soya proteins : structure and functional characteristics. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63:827-832.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Kwon, J. H., Yoon, H. S., Byun, M. W. and Cho, H. O. 1988. Chemical changes in garlic bulbs resulting from ionizing energy treatment at sprout-inhibition dose. J. Kor. Agric. Chem. Soc. 31:147-153.   과학기술학회마을
20 Kwon, H., Lee, Y. H., Son, Y. S. and Kim. W. 2012. Studies on pre-treatment condition for inhibiting of germination in cotton seeds. (In press).
21 National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
22 Mena, H., Santos, J. E. P., Huber, J. T., Tarazon, M. and Calhoun, M. C. 2004. The effects of varying gossypol intake from whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal on lactation and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 2506-2518.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Mena, H., Santos, J. E. P., Huber, J. T., Simas, J. M., Tarazon, M. and Calhoun, M. C. 2001. The effects of feeding varying amounts of gossypol from whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2231-2239.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Mowrey, A. and Spain, J. N. 1999. Results of a nationwide survey to determine feedstuffs fed to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:445-451.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Piri, I., Babayan, M., Tavassoli, A. and Javaheri, M. 2011. The use of gamma irradiation in agriculture. African J Microbio. Res. 5(32):5806-5811.
26 Prieto, J. G., DePeters, E. J., Robinson, P. H., Santos, J. E. P., Pareas, J. W. and Taylor, S. J. 2003. Increasing dietary levels of cracked pima cotton seed increase plasma gossypol but do not influence productive performance of lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:254-267.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Rahma, E. H. and Narasinga Rao, M. S. 1984. Gossypol removal and functional properties of protein produced by extraction of glanded cotton seed with different solvents. J. Food Sci. 49: 1057-1060.   DOI
28 Borzouei, A., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H., Naseriyan, B. and Majdabadi, A. 2010. Effects of gamma radiation on germination and physiological aspects of wheat (Triticum astivum L.) seedlings. Pak. J. Bot. 42(4):2281-2290.
29 Shawrang, P., Nikkhah, A., Zare-Shahneh, A., Sadeghi, A. A., Raisali, G. and Moradi-Shahrebabak, M. 2008. Effects of gamma irradiation on chemical composition and ruminal protein degradation of canola meal. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77: 918-922.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Shawrang, P., Mansouri, M. H., Sadeghi, A. A. and Ziaie, F. 2011. Evaluation and comparison of gamma- and electron beam irradiation effects on total and free gossypol of cotton seed meal. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80:761-762.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Calhoun, M. C., Kuhlmann, S. W. and Baldwin, B. C. 1995. Assessing the gossypol status of cattle fed cotton seedproducts. Proceedings of Pacific Northwest Anim. Nutr. Conf. pp. 147A-157A.
32 Chaudhuri, K. S. 2002. A simple and reliable method to detect gamma irradiated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) seeds by germination efficiency and seedling growth test. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 64:131-136.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Cherry, J. P. and Gray, M. S. 1981. Methylene chloride extraction of gossypol from cotton seed products. J. Food Sci. 46:1726-1733.   DOI
34 De Boland, A. R., Garner, G. B. and O'Dell, B. L. 1975. Identification and properties of phytate in cereal grains and oilseed products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 23:1186-1189.   DOI
35 Diehl, J. F. 2002. Food irradiation-past, present and future. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63:211-215.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Farkas. J. 2006. Irradiation for better foods. Trends in Food Science and Technology 17:148-152.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Taghinejad, M., Nikkhah, A., Sadeghi, A. A., Raisali, G. and Chamani, M. 2009. Effects of gamma irradiation on chemical composition, antinutritional factors, ruminal degradation and in vitro protein digestibility of full-fat soybean. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22(4):534-541.   과학기술학회마을
38 Siddhuraju, P., Makkar, H. P. S. and Becker, K. 2002. The effect of ionizing radiation on antinutritional factors and the nutritional value of plant materials with reference to human and animal food. Food Chem. 78:187-205.   DOI   ScienceOn