Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Nutrient Composition, Anti-nutritional Factors, In vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Degradation of Whole Cotton Seed

  • Hahm, Sahng-Wook (Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Son, Heyin (Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Wook (Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Oh, Young-Kyoon (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Son, Yong-Suk (Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University)
  • Received : 2013.04.02
  • Accepted : 2013.04.29
  • Published : 2013.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Whole cotton seed (WCS) has become one of the major feed ingredients in TMR for dairy cattle in Korea, and WCS for feed use is mostly imported from abroad. Since this genetically modified oil seed is usually fed to the animal in raw state, its germination ability, if last long, often causes concerns about ecological disturbances. In the process of looking for effective conditions to remove germination ability of WCS this study had the objectives to evaluate the nutritional effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 8, 10 and 12 kGy on changes in nutrient contents, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro digestibility and ruminal degradability. No significant differences were found in proximate analysis of nutrients between raw WCS and gamma irradiated one. Glycine and threonine contents significantly increased when the WCS was exposed to gamma ray as compared to untreated WCS (p<0.05). As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed with the irradiation treatment. Free gossypol in WCS was decreased (p<0.05) by gamma irradiation treatment. Of the 3 different levels of gamma irradiation, a dose of 12 kGy was found to be the most effective in reducing free gossypol concentration. Results obtained from in situ experiment indicated that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy significantly (p<0.05) lowered rumen degradability of both dry matter and crude protein as compared with raw WCS. However, there were no significant differences in rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions of crude protein due to 10 kGy gamma irradiation. Overall, this study show that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy is the optimum condition for removing germination ability of WCS, and could improve nutritive value for the ruminant with respect to the decrease in both ruminal protein degradability and gossypol content of WCS.

Keywords

References

  1. Abu, J. O., Muller, K., Duodu, K. G. and Minnaar, A. 2006. Gamma irradiation of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata K. Walp) flours and pastes: Effects on functional, thermal and molecular properties of isolated protein. Food Chem. 95:138-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.12.040
  2. Abu-Tarboush, H. M. 1998. Irradiation inactivation of some antinutritional factors in plant seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46:2698-2702. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980102x
  3. Ahn, B. S. and Lee, C. H. 2003. Changes in microbial and chemical composition and sensory characteristics of fermented soybean paste by high dose gamma irradiation (10-20 kGy). Korean J. Food Sci. Tech. 35(6):166-172.
  4. Alyevand, F., Coleman, G. and Haisman, D. R. 1967. Fatty odours in food: the reaction between mesityl oxide and sulfur compounds in foodstuffs. Chem. Indust. 37:1563-1569.
  5. A.O.A.C. 1995. Official methods of analysis 16th edition. Association of official analytical chemist (Washington D. C.).
  6. A.O.C.S. 1987. Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemists' Society. American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, Method Ba 7-58.
  7. Arieli, A. 1998. Whole cotton seedin dairy cattle feeding: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 72:97-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00169-7
  8. Berberich, S. A., Ream, J. E., Jackson, T. L. Wood, R., Stipanovic, R., Harvey, P., Patzer, S. and Fuchs, R. L. 1996. The composition of insect-protected cotton seedis equivalent to that of conventional cotton seed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44: 365-371. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950304i
  9. Bertrand, J. A., Sudduth, T. Q., Condon, A., Jenkins, T. C. and Calhoun, M. C. 2005. Nutrient content of whole cotton seed. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1470-1477. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72815-0
  10. Bhat, R., Sridhar, K. R. and Yokotani, K. T. 2007. Effect of ionizing radiation on antinutritional features of velvet seed bean (Mucuna pruriens). Food Chem. 103:860-866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.037
  11. Borzouei, A., Kafi, M., Khazaei, H., Naseriyan, B. and Majdabadi, A. 2010. Effects of gamma radiation on germination and physiological aspects of wheat (Triticum astivum L.) seedlings. Pak. J. Bot. 42(4):2281-2290.
  12. Calhoun, M. C., Kuhlmann, S. W. and Baldwin, B. C. 1995. Assessing the gossypol status of cattle fed cotton seedproducts. Proceedings of Pacific Northwest Anim. Nutr. Conf. pp. 147A-157A.
  13. Chaudhuri, K. S. 2002. A simple and reliable method to detect gamma irradiated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) seeds by germination efficiency and seedling growth test. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 64:131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00467-4
  14. Cherry, J. P. and Gray, M. S. 1981. Methylene chloride extraction of gossypol from cotton seed products. J. Food Sci. 46:1726-1733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04473.x
  15. De Boland, A. R., Garner, G. B. and O'Dell, B. L. 1975. Identification and properties of phytate in cereal grains and oilseed products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 23:1186-1189. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60202a038
  16. Diehl, J. F. 2002. Food irradiation-past, present and future. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63:211-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00622-3
  17. Farkas. J. 2006. Irradiation for better foods. Trends in Food Science and Technology 17:148-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.003
  18. Gharaghani, H., Zaghari, M., Shahhoseini, G. and Moravej, H. 2008. Effect of gamma irradiation on antinutritional factors and nutritional value of canola meal for broiler chickens. Asia-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 21:1479-1485.
  19. Han, Y. W. 1988. Removal of phytic acid from soybean and cotton seed meals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 36:1181-1183. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00084a014
  20. Kovacs, E. and Keresztes, A. 2002. Effect of gamma and UV-B/C radiation on plant cell. Micron. 33:199-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-4328(01)00012-9
  21. Kwon, J. H., Yoon, H. S., Byun, M. W. and Cho, H. O. 1988. Chemical changes in garlic bulbs resulting from ionizing energy treatment at sprout-inhibition dose. J. Kor. Agric. Chem. Soc. 31:147-153.
  22. Kwon, H., Lee, Y. H., Son, Y. S. and Kim. W. 2012. Studies on pre-treatment condition for inhibiting of germination in cotton seeds. (In press).
  23. Lacroixa, M., Lea, T. C., Ouattaraa, B., Yua, H., Letendrea, M., Sabatoc, S. F., Mateescub, M. A. and Patterson, G. 2002. Use of gamma-irradiation to produce films from whey, casein and soya proteins : structure and functional characteristics. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63:827-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00574-6
  24. Mena, H., Santos, J. E. P., Huber, J. T., Tarazon, M. and Calhoun, M. C. 2004. The effects of varying gossypol intake from whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal on lactation and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87: 2506-2518. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73375-5
  25. Mena, H., Santos, J. E. P., Huber, J. T., Simas, J. M., Tarazon, M. and Calhoun, M. C. 2001. The effects of feeding varying amounts of gossypol from whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2231-2239. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74670-X
  26. Mowrey, A. and Spain, J. N. 1999. Results of a nationwide survey to determine feedstuffs fed to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:445-451. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75251-3
  27. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  28. Piri, I., Babayan, M., Tavassoli, A. and Javaheri, M. 2011. The use of gamma irradiation in agriculture. African J Microbio. Res. 5(32):5806-5811.
  29. Prieto, J. G., DePeters, E. J., Robinson, P. H., Santos, J. E. P., Pareas, J. W. and Taylor, S. J. 2003. Increasing dietary levels of cracked pima cotton seed increase plasma gossypol but do not influence productive performance of lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:254-267. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73604-2
  30. Rahma, E. H. and Narasinga Rao, M. S. 1984. Gossypol removal and functional properties of protein produced by extraction of glanded cotton seed with different solvents. J. Food Sci. 49: 1057-1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb10391.x
  31. Shawrang, P., Nikkhah, A., Zare-Shahneh, A., Sadeghi, A. A., Raisali, G. and Moradi-Shahrebabak, M. 2008. Effects of gamma irradiation on chemical composition and ruminal protein degradation of canola meal. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77: 918-922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.03.006
  32. Shawrang, P., Mansouri, M. H., Sadeghi, A. A. and Ziaie, F. 2011. Evaluation and comparison of gamma- and electron beam irradiation effects on total and free gossypol of cotton seed meal. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80:761-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.01.010
  33. Siddhuraju, P., Makkar, H. P. S. and Becker, K. 2002. The effect of ionizing radiation on antinutritional factors and the nutritional value of plant materials with reference to human and animal food. Food Chem. 78:187-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00398-3
  34. Taghinejad, M., Nikkhah, A., Sadeghi, A. A., Raisali, G. and Chamani, M. 2009. Effects of gamma irradiation on chemical composition, antinutritional factors, ruminal degradation and in vitro protein digestibility of full-fat soybean. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22(4):534-541.
  35. Tilley, J. M. A. and Terry, R. A. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassland Soc. 18:104-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
  36. Wang, D. and von Sonntage, C. 1991. Radiation industrial oxidation of phenylalanine. Proceeding of the workshop on recent advances on detection of irradiation foods, BRC Information, Chemical Analysis Commission of the European Communities. pp. 212-217.
  37. World health organization. 1999. High-dose irradiation: Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kGy. WHO, Geneva (WHO Technical Report Series no.890). 120-124.
  38. Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Ed. Cornell University Press.