• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 2020

This study analyzed in nutrient contents changes of adult's favorite foods between March 2019 and July 2020 after policy implementation nutrient-poor foods based on special act on safety control of adult's dietary life in Korea. Among adult's favorite foods manufactured or sold in 2020 as well as 2019, calories and key nutrients in breads, ice creams and pizzas were improved in comparison to those in the other food groups. However, most of the changes in calories or key nutrient contents exist. The newly introduced candies, breads showed slightly greater improvements in calories and key nutrient contents than in 2019. On the other hand, some negative changes were found in newly introduced chocolates in comparison to previous ones. Overall, policy implementation on foods seemed to induce changes in nutrient contents of adult's favorite foods. In particular, nutrition education is reported to have a positive impact on adult's frequency and preference for processed foods, and more systematic and continuous nutrition education measures should be devised to help adult as consumers selectively purchase healthy foods. This research is meaningful in that it is the first study to analyze the quality changes of adult's favorite foods since the high-calorie and low-nutrient food management policy.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2014

This study determined the effects of television (TV) advertising restriction of Energy-Dense and Nutrient-Poor Foods on product and promotion activities by food companies producing or selling children's favorite foods. A survey using a selfadministered questionnaire was conducted via on-line or fax by marketers or R&D managers from 108 food companies. The data from 55 respondents (50.9%) were analyzed. Restriction exerted positive effects on food products with respect to compliance with labeling requirements (4.0 out of 5 points) and reinforcement of nutritional contents examination of new products (3.7 out of 5 points). Reformulations of products such as reduction of nutrients like sodium, sugar and fat were also reported. In addition, food companies underwent diverse changes in promotional activities, including modification of package designs and displays in stores, offering free gifts, discounts, etc. In conclusion, restriction of TV food advertising may contribute to improvement of children's food environment by encouraging food companies to make favorable product changes. On the other hand, the results also revealed that food companies adopt diverse marketing channels that are not yet under regulation. Hence, to make policies more effective, regulation needs to be extended from TV to other marketing channels to which children are easily exposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.676-683
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• 1995

This nutritional survey was conducted from January to March 1994, in order to investigate the nutirtional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preferences and nutrient intakes of housewives living in urban area and rural area. The subjects of this survey were 164 urban housewives living in Daegu and Pohang area and 170 rural housewives living in Andong area. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; The subjects had a high level of perceived knowledge(81.2%), that is the knowledge that each subject believed she had, but the accuracy of the knowledge was only 66.3%. Most of the urban housewives belong to "Fair" or "Good" food habit group, while rural housewives belonged to "Fair" or "Poor" food habit group. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and food habit score was low. And the correlation between nutritional attitude score and food habit score was low, too. Food perferences for kimchi, cooked rice, potato, milk were high in both group. Most of the nutrient intakes of the urban and rural housewives were not significantly different each otehr at p<0.05.ficantly different each otehr at p<0.05.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.258-271
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• 1987

This survey of 527 children, aged 4 to 6 years, focused on family and dietary environment, nutritional status and personality. It was conducted from June to October, 1986. The results showed that 68.0%(breakfast)and 55.4% (evening meal ) of the subjects indicated they had meals with the family everyday. Analysis of the nutritional status children showed all nutrient intake except protein an diron was insufficient compared with RDA. Carbohydrate provided 58.3% of total calorie intake ; protein accounted for 15.7% . fat provided 26.0%. There was a positive relation between income and nutrient intake. Children with employed mothers showed lower nutrient intake than children with unemployed mothers. Food attitude was positively related to nutrient intake, nutrient intake of children with good eating behavior was higher than that of children had poor eating behavior . Activity level had a significant correlation with intake of calories, fat, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and Vitamin B$_2$. Mood was correlated with intake of protein, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin C.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.290-300
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• 1982

The study deals with the empirical research on the condition of nutrient intake of low income class which be represented by urban slum and rural area, with the analysis of the factors which might influence on the prevalent condition of nutrient- intake. The method of the research was based on the spot-survey with questionaires. The result is that the levels of nutrient-intake are below the standard requirement level of nutrients in both of urban slum and rural area. The level of nutrient intake in urban slum lies in approximately 50% of the standard requirement level and 80% of the standard requirement level in rural area. The extent of malnutrition was explained in terms of the amount of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. More than half of the population in the community are below the standard requirement level of the nutrient- intake. The problem of malnutrition was serious in urban slum than in rural areas, which made a good contrast with the result of Peru study. Deficiency in calcium was most serious. The factor analysis of the prevalent condition of malnutrition in low class suggests that 1) The function of local market in supplying food is not so effective in the sense that the quality of the foods purchased id the local market is poor. 2) Low level of knowledge, the consequent ignorance and the indifference to the nutrition and the low income led to malnutrition. The level of income and the education were significantly correlated to the nutrient-intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 2006

The study aimed to identify major factors related to global self-rated health of the community-dwelling elderly people in rural areas. Interviews were conducted with 433 persons over 65 years of age. The socio-economic characteristics, chronic disease status, measures of functional and mental health, life satisfaction, health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, exercise, social activity, dietary habit, and food intakes were analyzed to determine their influence on self-rated health index. Data on food intake were obtained through the 24-hour recall method. The self-rated health of rural elderly was poor or very poor as reported by 42.6% and 52.4% of the men and women, respectively. Poor self-rated health was found to be related to elderly aged $65{\sim}74$, female, absence of work, more chronic diseases, dependence on Instrumental Activity Daily Living (IADL), higher mental unhealthy days, lower current life satisfaction, less social activity, lower dietary habit scores, lower intake of total food, fruit, eggs, fishes & shell fishes, vitamin C (%RDA), and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that poor self-rated health index is significantly associated with more chronic diseases, mental unhealthy days, gastrointestinal disease, musculoskeletal disease, less social activity, and lower intake of fruits. The results also suggested that improving the nutritional status and functional ability, and reducing the burden of chronic diseases are beneficial to the self-rated health index of the elderly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 1993

This study was accomplished to investigate the prevalence of obesity and the factors related to obesity of high school girls in the large cities from May 20 to July 10 1990. In this study, three hundred eighty nine high school girls were chosen from high schools located in Seoul and Inchon. Anthropometry including weight, height, and skinfold thickness (triceps) were measured, and dietary intakes were calculated according to food composition tables. Means of the obesity index, food pattern, nutrients intakes were compared by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Nutrient intakes of the groups categorized by tricep skinfold thickness were compared by means of Duncan's multiple range test. Prevalence of obesity was 16.7%, 3.6%, and 20.8% by criteria of skinflod thickness, BMI, and Rohrer Index, respectively. Most of the subjects had three meals and took snacks two times per day 23.9% of the subjects were taking nutrient supplements of which vitamin supplement was the most popular. Food habit of subjects such as frequency of snack and bedtime meal were positively related to fatness. Nutrient intakes of the obese groups classified by tricep skinfold thickness, tended to consume more calories than another tricep category groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that prevalence of obesity in this subject was higher than the one for the past years, and it was more profound in girls who had a poor food habits and high calorie intakes. Thus, these results suggested that a good food habits and adequate nutrient intakes are essential to prevent the obesity of high school girls.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1996

The surveys of food intakes were carried out on 49 healthy infants aged 4-9 months at the first interview and repeated 3 more times at the interval of 2 months by using food diary recorded by their mothers. Of the subjects 12 were breast-fed, 28, formula-fed, and 9, mixed type-fed. Foods introduced first as the weaning food were commercial weaning foods, fruit juices, yoghurt, egg and rice. Supplemental food was introduced at the age of 4 months in 57% of the infants, but it amounted to a significant proportion of overall food consumption from the age of 6 months. The levels of nutrients except energy, iron and niacin were similar or in excess of RDA, and breast-fed infants tended to have lower intakes of energy and protein compared to infants formula-fed or mixed type-fed. Average intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and calcium were above RDA, but iron intake did not meet RDA of infants of all ages. In conclusion, the average status of nutrient intakes of infants was fairly good, however, food consumption besides milk was less in breast-fed infants than in formula-fed infants, and iron status seemed to be poor, Although it is well-known that breast-milk compared to formulas is more beneficial for infants, mothers feeding breast-milk to their infants should be educated for the importance of supplemental food and its practice to support good nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 1981

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutrient and food intake and food habits of the aged Jeju island. The survey was conducted to 102 persons, 50 persons aged 65 to 74 years and 52 persons aged 75 years over from July 5 to 25, 1981. The result obtained was summarized as follows; 1. Average nutrient intake per day Calorie intake was 1408 ㎉(which was 64% of RDA) for male and was 1343 ㎉ (84%) for female aged 65 to 74 years. For male aged 75 years over calorie intake was 1316㎉ (60%) and for female was 1292㎉ (81%). According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, fat, were average 74.8%, 15.1%, 10.1%. Protein intake was insufficient quantiatively, but the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were 26.1 to 33.5%. Other nutrient intake, such as Ca, vitamin A and C were lower than the recommended dietary allowance. 2. Food intake In per capita food consumption were 69.1g to 744.7g and average 320.1g of cereal (125.1g of rice and 160.5g of barley) and 63.9g of fishes. Total food consumption and vegetables were diminished by older age. 3. Correlation assessment The correlation coefficient between residental stus lived with family, high activity, good health, and nutrient intake were significant (P<0.05). Poor teeth had influence on less nutrient intake, but was not significant. 4. Food preferences Food liked over 70% of subjects were persimmon, fishes, leef, tomato, and boiled rice with barley, etc. owing to tender food, economical reasons, seasonal influence, and food habits. Food disliked over 20% of subjects were instant noodle, small sardin, boiled rice, and ice-crea, etc. The majority of subjects had never had the processing food, such as ham, sausage, butter and margarine, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.501-512
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• 2017

This study analyzed changes in nutrient contents of children's favorite foods between March 2010 and July 2012 after policy implementation on energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods based on Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life in Korea. A total of 6,684 products in the list of children's favorite foods by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in March 2010 and 7,347 products in July 2012 were classified into the following three types: food products (1) manufactured or sold in 2012 as well as 2010 (n=6,174), (2) discontinued in 2012 (n=510), and (3) newly introduced in 2012 (n=1,173). Among children's favorite foods manufactured or sold in 2012 as well as 2010 (n=6,174), calories and key nutrients in sweetened ices, breads, ice creams, deep-fried noodles/noodles, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, and pizzas were improved in comparison to those in the other food groups. However, most of the changes in calories or key nutrient contents per 100 g (or 100 mL) fell below 1 kcal or 1 g. The newly introduced candies, breads, and carbonated beverages showed slightly greater improvements in calories and key nutrient contents per 100 g (or 100 mL) than the discontinued ones in 2012. On the other hand, some negative changes were found in newly introduced chocolates and RTE foods in comparison to the discontinued ones. Overall, policy implementation on EDNP foods seemed to induce changes in nutrient contents of children's favorite foods, yet the extent of the changes was limited.