고열량.저영양 식품의 TV 광고 제한에 따른 식품회사의 제품 및 촉진 활동 변화

Changes in Food Companies' Product and Promotion Activities after Restriction of TV Advertising of Energy-Dense and Nutrient-Poor Foods in Korea

  • 김형준 (서울대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤지현 (서울대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이영미 (명지대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Kim, Hyungjun (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Jihyun (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Youngmi (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University)
  • 투고 : 2014.03.20
  • 심사 : 2014.06.14
  • 발행 : 2014.06.30

초록

This study determined the effects of television (TV) advertising restriction of Energy-Dense and Nutrient-Poor Foods on product and promotion activities by food companies producing or selling children's favorite foods. A survey using a selfadministered questionnaire was conducted via on-line or fax by marketers or R&D managers from 108 food companies. The data from 55 respondents (50.9%) were analyzed. Restriction exerted positive effects on food products with respect to compliance with labeling requirements (4.0 out of 5 points) and reinforcement of nutritional contents examination of new products (3.7 out of 5 points). Reformulations of products such as reduction of nutrients like sodium, sugar and fat were also reported. In addition, food companies underwent diverse changes in promotional activities, including modification of package designs and displays in stores, offering free gifts, discounts, etc. In conclusion, restriction of TV food advertising may contribute to improvement of children's food environment by encouraging food companies to make favorable product changes. On the other hand, the results also revealed that food companies adopt diverse marketing channels that are not yet under regulation. Hence, to make policies more effective, regulation needs to be extended from TV to other marketing channels to which children are easily exposed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Foodnews (2012) Food distribution yearbook 2011. Foodnews, Seoul. pp 573- 765.
  2. Korea Health Industry Development Institute (2011) Safety assurance on food and eating/nutrition environment(SAFENET) for children. Korea Food and Drug Administration. pp 882-894.
  3. An S, Stern S (2011) Mitigating the effects of advergames on children. J Advert 40: 43-56.
  4. Alvy LM, Calvert SL (2008) Food marketing on popular children's web sites: a content analysis. J Am Diet Assoc 108: 710-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.01.006
  5. Buijzen M, Schuurman J, Bomhof E (2008) Associations between children's television advertising exposure and their food consumption patterns: a household diary-survey study. Appetite 50: 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.006
  6. Brady JI, Elson RM, Farrell A, Wong S (2010) Online marketing of food and beverages to children: a content analysis. Can J Diet Pract Res 71: 166-171. https://doi.org/10.3148/71.4.2010.166
  7. Cairns G, Angus K, Hastings G, Caraher M (2013) Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent and effects of food marketing to children. A retrospective summary. Appetite 62: 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.04.017
  8. Chernin A (2008) The effects of food marketing on children's preferences: testing the moderating roles of age and gender. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sc 615: 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207308952
  9. Ebbeling CB, Dorota BP, David SL (2002): Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet 360: 473-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09678-2
  10. Federal Trade Commission (2008) Marketing Food to Children and Adolescents. A Review of Industry Expenditures, Activities, and Self-Regulation. Federal Trade Commission, Washington DC. pp 7-26.
  11. Huang L, Mehta K, Wong ML (2012) Television food advertising in Singapore: the nature and extent of children's exposure. Health Promot Int 27: 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dar021
  12. Harris JL, Pomeranz JL, Lobstein T, Brownell KD (2009) A crisis in the marketplace: how food marketing contributes to childhood obesity and what can be done. Annu Rev Public Health 30: 211-225. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100304
  13. Kim KH, Kang KJ (1997) Children's attitudes toward food advertisement on children's television program. Korean J Soc Food Sci 13: 648-660.
  14. Kim S, Lee Y, Yoon J, Chung SJ, Lee SK, Kim H (2013) Restriction of television food advertising in South Korea: impact on advertising of food companies. Health Promot Int 28: 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/das023
  15. Kelly B, Smith B, King L, Flood V, Bauman A (2007) Television food advertising to children: the extent and nature of exposure. Public Health Nutr 10: 1234-1240.
  16. Kent MP, Dubois L, Kent EA, Wanless AJ (2013) Internet marketing directed at children on food and restaurant websites in two policy environments. Obesity 21: 800-807. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20124
  17. Korea Food and Drug Administration (2010) The List of Children's Favorite Food May 2010.
  18. Korea Food and Drug Administration (2011a) Korea Food Code.
  19. Korea Food and Drug Administration (2011b) Standard of Labeling for Food.
  20. Lee G (2010) A Content analysis of food advertising on children's television : Examination of food advertising regulation issues. Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunications Research 72: 41-69.
  21. Lee SK (2012) The effect of nutrition standard of high-calorie foods with low-nutritional value on the domestic distribution of children's preferred food. Ph D Dissertation Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul. pp87-88.
  22. Lee Y, Yoon J, Chung SJ, Lee SK, Kim H, Kim S (2013) Effect of TV food advertising restriction on food environment for children in South Korea. Health Promot Int. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dat078.
  23. Lobstein T, Dibb S (2005) Evidence of a possible link between obesogenic food advertising and child overweight. Obes Rev 6: 203-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00191.x
  24. Mehta K, Phillips C, Ward P, Coveney J, Handsley E, Carter P (2012) Marketing foods to children through product packaging: prolific, unhealthy and misleading. Public Health Nutr 15: 1763-1770. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012001231
  25. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2012) Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life.
  26. Ministry of Health and Welfare (2012) 1st National Nutrition Care Plan.
  27. Powell LM, Szczypka G, Chaloupka FJ, Braunschweig CL (2007) Nutritional content of television food advertisements seen by children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics 120: 576-583. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3595
  28. Roberto CA, Baik J, Harris JL, Brownell KD (2010) Influence of licensed characters on children's taste and snack preferences. Pediatrics 126: 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-3433
  29. Scully M, Wakefield M, Niven P, Chapman K, Crawford D, Pratt IS, Louise A, Baur LA, Flood V, Morley B (2012) Association between food marketing exposure and adolescents' food choices and eating behaviors. Appetite 58: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.09.020
  30. Story M, Kaphingst KM, Robinson-O'Brien R, Glanz K (2008) Creating healthy food and eating environments: policy and environmental approaches. Annu Rev Public Health 29: 253-272. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090926
  31. World Health Organization (2010) Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages to Children. World Health Organization, Geneva. p 10.
  32. Weber K, Story M, Harnack L (2006) Internet food marketing strategies aimed at children and adolescents: a content analysis of food and beverage brand web sites. J Am Diet Assoc 106: 1463-1466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2006.06.014
  33. http://www.atfis.or.kr. Accessed December 5, 2013.
  34. http://www.khealth.or.kr. Accessed November 30, 2013.