• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.797-811
• /
• 2024

In this paper, we define the torsion graph determined by equivalence classes of torsion elements and denote it by A_E(M). The vertex set of A_E(M) is the set of equivalence classes {[x] | x ∈ T(M)^*}, where two torsion elements x, y ∈ T(M)^* are equivalent if ann(x) = ann(y). Also, two distinct classes [x] and [y] are adjacent in A_E(M), provided that ann(x)ann(y)M = 0. We shall prove that for every torsion finitely generated module M over a Dedekind domain R, a vertex of A_E(M) has degree two if and only if it is an associated prime of M.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 1997

In this paper, we study the isomorphism problem of Cayley permutation graphs. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition that two Cayley permutation graphs are isomrphic by a direction-preserving and color-preserving (positive/negative) natural isomorphism. The result says that if a graph G is the Cayley graph for a group $\Gamma$ then the number of direction-preserving and color-preserving positive natural isomorphism classes of Cayley permutation graphs of G is the number of double cosets of $\Gamma^\ell$ in $S_\Gamma$, where $S_\Gamma$ is the group of permutations on the elements of $\Gamma and \Gamma^\ell$ is the group of left translations by the elements of $\Gamma$. We obtain the number of the isomorphism classes by counting the double cosets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.638-640
• /
• 2017

The study analyzed the impact of classroom classes on classroom attitude and satisfaction in classes related to students' computing incidents in college. The classroom environment referred to in this study considered the number of persons per division and seating arrangement. The university compared the number of universities with a large number of college graduates, compared with the back and rear of the same division. This study aims to improve the classroom environment for classes of liberal arts courses.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.917-930
• /
• 2009

We find all distinct representatives of isomorphism classes of genus-3 pointed trigonal curves and compute the number of isomorphism classes of a special class of genus-3 pointed trigonal curves including that of Picard curves over a finite field F of characteristic 2.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2004

The classification time required by conventional multi-class SVMs(Support Vector Machines) greatly increases as the number of pattern classes increases. This is due to the fact that the needed set of binary class SVMs gets quite large. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the number of classes by using nearest neighbor rule (NNR) in the principle component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA+LDA) feature subspace. The proposed method reduces the number of face classes by selecting a few classes closest to the test data projected in the PCA+LDA feature subspace. Results of experiment show that our proposed method has a lower error rate than nearest neighbor classification (NNC) method. Though our error rate is comparable to the conventional multi-class SVMs, the classification process of our method is much faster.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.701-710
• /
• 2022

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, various methods have been developed for recognizing objects in images using machine learning. Image segmentation is the most effective among these methods for recognizing objects within an image. Conventionally, image datasets of various classes are trained simultaneously. In situations where several classes require segmentation, all datasets have to be trained thoroughly. Such repeated training results in low training efficiency because most of the classes have already been trained. In addition, the number of classes that appear in the datasets affects training. Some classes appear in datasets in remarkably smaller numbers than others, and hence, the training errors will not be properly reflected when all the classes are trained simultaneously. Therefore, a new method that separates some classes from the dataset is proposed to improve efficiency during training. In addition, the accuracies of the conventional and proposed methods are compared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.35 no.11
• /
• pp.1399-1408
• /
• 2011

This study analyzes the current educational curricula in the field of clothing construction to provide some fundamental information for developing more appropriate educational courses and to activate the fashion business. A total of 82 different departments related to fashion and apparel were selected from four-year domestic universities and the curricula recently posted on their internet websites were analyzed by descriptive statistics. More than half (53.7%) of the 82 departments were offering classes in the clothing construction field for 3 credits and 4 class hours. College affiliation of the departments that offered curricula in the clothing construction field was classified into 5 categories: the arts (34), human ecology (22), natural sciences (14), humanities/culture (9), and others (3). Human ecology category showed the highest results in the average class hours (3.9), the number of classes in the clothing construction field (7.6), and the percentage of the classes in the clothing construction field out of all major classes offered by the clothing department (19.9%). All 82 departments were classified into 3 categories of: fashion design (32), clothing (28), and fashion business (22). The clothing category showed the highest results in the average credits (2.8), class hours (3.8), the number of classes offered by the clothing construction field (7.6), and the percentage of the classes that offer clothing construction education out of all major classes offered by the clothing department (19.9%). The educational contents of clothing construction area were classified into 8 different categories of: basic theory and sewing, clothing construction, flat pattern, draping, tailoring and advanced clothing construction, pattern CAD, sewing science and apparel manufacturing process, and clothing construction for special needs. Among these categories, the draping category constituted 21.7% as the largest part. In addition, the distribution of classes offered by 4 academic years were analyzed into 8 different categories.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2005

This research focused on studying the phenomena of activity injuries occurred in military service, the object of which is soldiering soldiers in army. I made a inquiry paper including 6 items such as injury frequency, athletic event when you are injured, injury pattern, injury part in body and injury time according to military classes, and distributed it to elected 421 soldiers, the number of which is the total number of injured soldiers having time for physical activities in a year(last 2002 year). The results were as follows ; First, Injury frequency was according to private middle classes, private second classes, private last classes, private first classes. Second, Athletic event when you are injured was according to soccer, basketball, running and Martial Art(Taekwondo). 1) An abrasion was the most injury pattern when playing soccer. 2) A sprain was the most injury pattern when playing basketball. Third, Most causes of injuries dued to his / her carelessness, which is his / her excessive greed to win. Fourth, The most injury pattern was a skin abrasion. Fifth, The most injury part in body was a leg. Sixth, There was the most injury in summer. Wednesday on week, especially afternoon when you have time for physical to improve your battle-power.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.11D no.7 s.96
• /
• pp.1443-1450
• /
• 2004

The clustering characteristics for a number of classes, and defining the inheritance relations between the classes is a difficult and complex problem in an early stage of object oriented software development. We discuss a traditional iterative approach for the reuse of the existing classes in a library and an integrated approach to creating a number of new classes presented in this study. This paper formulates a character-istic clustering problem for zero-one integer programming and presents a network solution method with illustrative examples and the basic rules to define the inheritance relations between the classes. The network solution method for a characteristic clustering problem is based on a distance parameter between every pair of objects with characteristics. We apply the approach to a real problem taken from industry.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.263-272
• /
• 2003

The composition of phytoplankton and periphyton community in Togyo reservoir was investigated. A total of phytoplankton was composed of 150 taxa, belonging to 6 phyla, 8 classes, 15 orders, 5 suborders, 31 families, 71 genera, 106 species, 14 varieties, 1 form and 29 unidentified species. The observed number of diatoms and green algae were much higher than others. Within diatoms the pennate diatoms appeared more than centric diatoms and solitary forms or colonial forms appeared more than filamentous forms in green algae. A total of epipelic algae was composed of 125 taxa, belonging to 3 phyla, 3 classes, 6 orders, 3 suborders, 13 families, 30 genera, 87 species, 29 varieties, 2 forms and 7 unidentified species. The diatoms appeared much more than others. Among those, the pennate diatoms dominated the centric diatoms in species number observed. A total of epilithic algae was composed of 114 taxa, belonging to 4 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 3 suborders, 22 families, 38 genera, 79 species, 8 varieties, 1 form and 26 unidentified species. The observed number of diatoms and green algae were much higher than others. Within diatoms the pennate diatoms dominated the centric diatoms in species number observed. The dominance of pennate diatoms of the diatom community in the epipelic algal community and the epilithic algal community could be assumed that was due to the presence of raphe structure of pennate diatoms.