• 건축역사연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 1993

This study was made to analyze the housing adjustment phenomenon in the first half of Chosun Dynasty by applying Microsociological approach. By reviewing the housing adjustment theory of Morris and Winter, research model for the period was developed in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, normative housing deficit (=cultural norm-housing condition+family norm), constraints, behavioral propensities, and housing adjustment mechanism with the following results : 1. In the first half of Chosun Dynasty the size of the house, the house site and decorating items were specified by law (cultural norm) according to the social status. Although the law was constraints for the housing phenomenon, it was not applied universally. Frequantly the law was violated by the upper class. By the middle of the Dynasty the family norm became more important for the housing phenomenon than the cultural norm. 2. Efforts were made to practice the Confucianism as a cultural norm in the first half of Chosun Dynasty At that time Husband-Living-in-Wife's-House was more popular than Wife-Living-in-Husband's-House. Because the customs were against the Confucianism, the latter was encouraged by law. But it did not change. Instead a compromised system became popular in the middle of the Dynasty. The house shrine was practiced to increase the symbolism of the family, which, in turn, exerted influences in deciding the housing site (cultural norm). These cultural norm was not accepted as the family norm untill the second half of the Dynasty. These trends forced the man and woman use separate areas of the house, and formulated a hierarchic positions within a house. 3. It was shown that the settlement of Confucianism as a family norm was closely related to the popularization of the Ondol system in the house, which functioned as one of the behavioral propensities to encourage diversity of space for many purposes. Though the Ondol system was accepted as a useful heating system earlier, this became more popular in the middle of the Dynasty because the housing pattern with Ondol fitted very well with a large family system with patriarchism. Ondol system for one or two rooms substituted Ondol for all rooms in the second half of the Dynasty. 4. From the beginning of the Dynasty housing adjustment of the family was determined by the social status and by law (cultural norm). Within this cultural norm each family decided its adjustment mechanism according to its economic ability (family norm). Family norm was more important factor than the cultural norm to determine the micro-space pattern in the house. But this period witnessed the formations of new conditions by the ruling class's efforts to implement new ethics for hierarchy and sexual discrimination. According to these conditions the Confucianism overruled the family norm in the later period.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.227-232
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• 2005

탄성파 역산에 있어서 최소자승(${\ell}^2-norm$)해는 큰 오차에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 경향이 있다. 이에 반해서 ${\ell}^p-norm$ ($1{\le}p<2$)을 최소화하는 해는 잡음에 강인한 해를 보이나 보통은 좀 더 많은 계산이 요구된다. 반복적가중의 최소자승법(Iteratively reweighted least squares [IRLS] method)은 이러한 ${\ell}^p-norm$ 문제의 근사해를 효율적으로 구할 수 있도록 해준다. 본 논문에서는 작은 크기의 잔여분은 ${\ell}^2-norm$으로 큰 크기의 잔여분은 ${\ell}^2-norm$으로 적용되는 하이브리드 ${\ell}^1/{\ell}^2$최소화를 IRLS 방법에 쉽게 적용하는 기법을 소개한다. 모의 자료와 실제 현장자료에의 적용결과 큰 잡음이 포함된 경우 최소자승해보다 하이브리드 방법의 경우에 개선된 결과를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

A new form of software piracy known as digital piracy has taken the spotlight. Lost revenues due to digital piracy could reach 2,500 billion won in year 2010 alone. This paper examines the causal relationships among the attitude toward digital piracy, subjective norm, economic gain, political efficacy, school policy, etc, in a university setting. Results from survey responses indicate that the social norm and economic gain affect the attitude toward digital piracy, and that school policy influences the subjective norm as well as political efficacy. But, contrary to our expectation, political efficacy has been found to have no impact on the social norm and economic gain. Prior learning experiences have been shown to affect economic gain, but not the subjective norm. As a conclusion, the academic and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-34
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• 1991

The main purpose of this study is to examine housing norm of the middle classes, housing norm and normative housing deficits by independent variables(socio - economic variables, family characteristic variable sand housing characteristic variables).There are two major findings of this study as follows :1. In the housing norm, housing space is 99.Om2, the number of rooms is 3.0, housing structure type is apartment, the maintenance cost is 13 thousand won, and housing tenure is home ownership. And housing qualify is classified into 5 dimensions, and neighborhood environment is classified into 3 dimensions.2. This thesis is to conform Morris et aL.(1984)`s hypotheses that cultural norm is homogeneous in culturally unified society and if it appears heterogeneously, It is the subject`s reporting error of the subjects confusing cultural norm with family norm.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.580-589
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• 1995

When age-role i-: being confused and fasion is as whimsical as these days, the norm on the length of the skirt can be a matter of controversy. This study aimed to see if there exists decisive norm on skirt lengths according to the age of feminine stimuli and the sex and age of perceiver. It also aimed to find out whether the norm of the individual perceiver is influenced by the assumed norm of generalized others. Questionnaire including linedrawings of feminine lower body was given out to be marked with age-proper length of skirt. Results revealed existence of certain length norms according to the age of the stimuli. Norms also varied according to the age of the perceiver and interaction effects among the age, sex of the perceiver and the age of the stimuli existed. Assumed norms of the generalized others were different from the actual norms of the individual. Interaction between the ages of the stimuli and perceiver affected the difference between the actural individual norm and the assumed norm of the generalized others.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2023

This study aims to examine factors influencing the intention to continue using the metaverse, focusing on the impact of social norms. Specifically, direct and indirect effects of technical characteristics (perceive quality, interactivity, perceived playfulness), user characteristics (self-efficacy, personal innovativeness), and social influence factors (descriptive norm, injunctive norm, subjective norm) on continuous use intention were examined. The role of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as a mediator was also examined. An online survey was conducted with 165 college students attending universities in two large cities in South Korea who had used the metaverse. As a result, perceived playfulness, descriptive norm, and perceived usefulness directly influenced continuous use intention. Perceived playfulness, interactivity, and subjective norm influenced continuous use intention indirectly through perceived usefulness. This study theoretically extends the Technology Acceptance Model by specifying social influence in metaverse contexts. Practical implications are provided in terms of marketing strategy for the metaverse industry to continue to grow and develop.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2017

Starting from a t-norm T, it is possible to construct a class of new t-norms, so-called T-generalized t-norm. The purpose of this paper is to describe some properties of this class of generalized t-norms. An algebraic structure as well as a binary relation among t-norms are also investigated. Some open problems are discussed as well.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제18권1_2호
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• pp.621-637
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• 2005

A hybrid method solving regularized structured linear total least norm (RSTLN) problems, which have highly ill-conditioned coefficient matrix with special structures, is suggested and analyzed. This scheme combining RSTLN algorithm and separation by parts guarantees the convergence of parameters and has an advantages in reducing the residual norm and relative error of solutions. Computational tests for problems arisen in signal processing and image formation process confirm that the presenting method is effective for more accurate solutions to (R)STLN problem than the (R)STLN algorithm.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-23
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• 2002

For a closed densely defined linear operator T on a Hilbert space H, let ${\prod}$ denote the function which corresponds to T, the orthogonal projection from $H{\oplus}H$ onto the graph of T. We extend some ordinary norm ineqralites comparing ${\parallel}{\Pi}(A)-{\Pi}(B){\parallel}$ and ${\parallel}A-B{\parallel}$ to the Schatten p-norm where A and B are bounded operators on H.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

In this paper, we prove that the BMO norm and the Garsia norm are equivalent on a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$. Also, we investigate the equivalent relation between the Lipschitz norm and the Garsia-type norm for harmonic functions.