• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2013

Selective catalytic reduction of $NO_x$ by $NH_3$ ($NH_3$-SCR) over $V_2O_5/TiO_2$-based catalysts is recently reported to be an anthropogenic emitter of $N_2O$ that is a global warming gas with a global warming potential of 310. Therefore, this review will get a touch on significance of some parameters regarding $N_2O$ formation in the $deNO_xing$ reaction for fossil fuels-fired power plants applications. The $N_2O$ production in $NH_3$-SCR reaction with such catalysts occurs via side reactions between $NO_x$ and $NH_3$ in addition to $NH_3$ oxidation, and the extent of these undesired reactions depends strongly on the loadings of $V_2O_5$ as a primary active component and the promoter as a secondary one ($WO_3$ and $MoO_3$) in the SCR catalysts, the feed and operating variables such as reaction temperature, $NO_2/NO_x$ ratio, oxygen concentration, gas hourly space velocity, water content and thermal excursion, and the physical and chemical histories of the catalysts on site. Although all these parameters are associated with the $N_2O$ formation in $deNO_xing$ reaction, details of some of them have been discussed and a better way of suppressing the $N_2O$ production in commercial SCR plants has been proposed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1982-1990
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• 2010

Excepting tunnel of dorimstream - ccachimountain station section, the subway line No.2th section was build using ASSM and NATM methods because of soil pressure and land condition. The way of dealing underground water was selected without sufficient preconsideration of geographical features, ground condition, influence of lowing underground water, and long-term cost of running maintenance so that the form of undrained tunnel was build having decreased construction characteristics and technically improper elements. The form of partial drainage is very difficult to manage structures of tunnel, because water leakage, water pressure causing cracks of lining concretes and scaling are constantly happened. so partial drainage suggest that setting reinforced Anchor Bolt to prevent buoyancy and should increase center drainage way up to height of railroad. Partial drainage suggest that holey pipe(${\phi}$350mm) manhole, drainage checking pipe manhole are should be regularly dredged, when changing roadbed(gravel${\rightarrow}$concrete) drainage checking pipe manhole should be build and setting a limitation of entering underground water's quantities. Beside drainage degree in changed section of structures causing instability of structures is continuous degree. so if efficient drainage way and the patterns of flaws, problems are considered in survey, it will be expected to have a advantage condition in maintenance part.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.705-708
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• 2007

The objective of the study was to observe the anti-diabetic effect of Solani nigri Herba(SH). The following experimental results were derived from the measurement of the levels of glucose, GOT and GPT in the serum and weight from a group of experimental rats by way of the injection of streptozotocin as well as the oral administration of Solani nigri Herba water extracts. The glucose level in the serum significantly decreased in the Solani nigri Herba-dosed group(SH2,12.6 mg/100 g rat weight) on the 10th day. The GOT level of SHI(4.2 mg/100 g Solani nigri Herba) and SH2 in the serum slightly decreased, but no significance to compare with control group. The GPT level of SH1 and SH2 in the serum slightly decreased, but no significance to compare with control group. The weight of rat of SH1 and SH2 in the serum slightly increased, but no significance to compare with control group. In conclusion, Solani nigri Herba appeared to have significance inhibitory effects on the rise of blood sugar level in the experimentally induced diabetics.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.565-572
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• 2006

This study examined the decomposition of blades and culms of aquatic emergent plant species, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis and Typha angustata, which were the most frequent in Lake Paldang. The experiment was carried out from July to December, 2005 in fresh water of lake Paldang using litter bag method. The litter bags had 1.2 mm mesh size and were suspended at 1 m depth of water surface. Remaining mass of blades and culms of each species after 97 days was 21.2% and 22.6% of initial mass in Z. latifolia, 32.5% and 56.4% in P. communis and 44.7% and 38.1 % in T. angustata, respectively. The plant tissue having high N concentration and low C/N exhibited the faster decay rate than the others. However, the tissue of high content of lignin, cellulose, lignin:N, and cullulose:N showed a slow decomposition rate. Water temperature was the most effective environmental factor on the emergent macrophyte litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. According to the water temperature, DO, $NO_3^-$-N, and total phosphate concentration were changed in the linear way. The mass loss of plant tissue of emergent macrophytes showed positive relationship with P concentration in water. The experiments on the decomposition of the litter using different mesh sized litter bag did not show significant differences between them. The results suggest that the decomposition of emergent macrophytes in fresh water of lake Paldang, which showed features of lentic and lower part of a stream, was affected by microbial activities better than the micro-invertebrates such as shredders.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

LBD-001, a recombinant human interferon $\gamma$ produced by genetically engineered yeast as a host system, was intravenously administered to pregnant female rabbits (New Zealand White strain) from day 6 to 18 of gestation at dose levels of $0.35 \times 10^6$, $0. 69 \times 10^6$, and $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (0.3 mg/kg/day) was also given in the same way. Teratological effects of the test agents on the organogenesis of fetuses and the development of offsprings (F1 rabbits) were investigated. The results were as followings: (1) No significant changes by the treatment of LBD-001 or hydrocortisone sodium succinate were observed in the body weights, the food and water consumption, the lactating or nurshing behaviors, and the autopsy of the pregnant rabbits. (2) No significant changes in the resorption rate, the fetal organogenesis, and the normal develpoment of offsprings (F1) by the treatment of LBD-001 or hydrocortisone sodium succinate were detected. The results show that LBD-001 at the dose of $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day or less and hydrocortisone sodium succinate at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day are neither teratogenic in the organogensis of the fetuses and the development of the offsprings (F1) nor toxic to the mother rabbits.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.525-528
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to investigate characteristics of flow by the Rod shape and the choice of the turbulent intensity enhancement section. The Rod was setup vertically to the way of a nozzle exit flow and nozzle diameter is 17mm. Rod height is 5mm and its shapes are square, triangle, and circle. Characteristics of fluid such as velocity vector distribution, kinetic energy, turbulent intensity, and etc. were visualized, observed, and considered at 3 kinds of Re No. such as 2000, 3000, and 4000. The characteristics of flow field were investigated in each case of the distance rate from the nozzle exit to impinging plate(H/B=8, 10). The temperature of water is $20^{\circ}E$ and the measurement region divided by 3 sections(I, II, III). The nozzle diameter is 17mm. As the experimental result by PIV measurement, scale of the vector profile showed a tendency to an unbalance parabola distribution as increasing of the Re No. When the impinging plates such as square, triangle, and circle shape are installed respectively in front of the flow accelerated, rod shape of the highest velocity vector is circle shape and rod shape of the highest turbulent Intensity is square shape.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.408-411
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• 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of bioactive Yeonsan Ogye peptides (YOPs) intake on changes in the hepatic anti-oxidant indexes in male rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 groups and given a casein-based AIN-93G diet and distilled water ad libitum without any added YOPs (control), distilled water with 250 mg of YOPs (Y250), or 500 mg of YOPs (Y500) per kg of body weight for 4 weeks. YOP dose was decided as referred to in the referenced study where toxicity did not occur. The hepatic anti-oxidant indexes were determined using a commercial kit. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 and are expressed as $mean{\pm}standard$ error of mean. Differences among the groups were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Duncan's multiple comparisons test. Results: There were no differences in the body weights, weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, or organ weight, including liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, and epididymal fat, among all of the groups. The hepatic nitric oxide (NO) level in the Y500 group was lower than that in the control and Y250 groups, and the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level was lower in the Y500 group than in the Y250 group. The differences in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were not statistically significant between the groups. From these results we speculated that YOPs may have anti-oxidative abilities to regulate NO and MDA production without affecting SOD and CAT activities. Conclusion: YOPs are presumed to act as anti-oxidants in the animal or human body.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.7 no.1 s.23
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• pp.85-90
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• 2007

According as industry develops rapidly, problem of resources exhaustion and environmental pollution is appearing. Way to use construction waste that is development of new compound material and Industry product is required. Limestone powder that is Industry product is $CaCO_3$. and vicosity is promotion effect because there is no damage to hydration of cement and powder is very thin and water tightness increases. This research purposed to analyze concrete property changing limestone fineness. According as the limestone powdered replacement ratio increases, slump and unit capacity mass increased, and the air content decreased according as the replacement ratio increases. Compressive strength and tensile strength decreased according as the limestone powder replacement ratio increases.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.880-887
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• 2017

Purpose. This study was conducted from the period of April 12th, 2017 to April 26th, 2017. The questionnaires were distributed among a group of 76 adults aged 20 years or older, who participated in the prevention program of the department of dental hygiene at Busan Metropolitan City. The negative questionnaire was finally analyzed. Methods. The SPSS program was used for analysis of this study. The general characteristics of the subjects were t-test and one-way, ANOVA(by Scheffe post-test) for a PHP index (Patient Hygiene Performance index) according to frequency analysis, general characteristics, smoking and drinking behavior, and dietary behavior. Results. As a result of an examination of the PHP index(Patient Hygiene Performance index) ac- cording to smoking and drinking behavior, the amount of alcohol drunk was statistically higher than that of 'soju that was not drunk'(P<0.05). As a result of the PHP index (Patient Hygiene Performance index) according to dietary behavior, 'vegetarians' were statistically higher than 'Carnivorous oriented' individuals (P<0.05). Moreover, individuals who regularly 'drank almost no water' were statistically significantly higher than those who 'drank water steadily'.(P<0.05). Conclusion. As a result, appropriate management is required for oral health of the patient, Oral health education is needed to systematically consider smoking, drinking, and eating habits when taking into consideration the individual oral environment.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.699-704
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• 2001

Until recently, disposal to landfill has been the most convenient way to deal with the increasing amount of residues the shredding industries produce. But the shortage of such disposal sites and the risk that liquid drained from these waste dusts may pollute ground water have increased the environmental pressures to find more effective solutions. The present study is an alternative approach that suggests identifying waste dusts characteristics and selecting an appropriate binder for hazardous materials to reduce the amount of contaminants (mainly lead) that were leaking into the soil. Investigations on the characteristics of automobiles waste dusts show that these materials are composed mainly of cottons and sponge like substances, plastics, rubber, glasses and gravel, metals, and electric wires. Besides, the percentage in weight of organic (inflammable) materials is about 70% and the lead contamination, which has not a ionic but a particulate nature, is particularly remarkable in cottons and sponge like materials. Binding additives such as K-20 and sodium carbonate were not effective but the addition of 5 % of cement (in weight of the investigated sample) followed by a 3-minute stirring and a 4-hour storage could drastically reduce the run off of lead below the maximum authorized level. No addition of water was necessary in this method.