• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1991

This study has been performed to investigate into the internal oxidation characteristics of low carbon steel with respect to the added amount of air in nitrogen-propane atmosphere after gas carburizing for various times at $930^{\circ}C$. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows ; (1) Optical micrographs have shown that the internal oxidation is unlikely to occur in the gas atmosphere without air and that oxidized zone in the outer surface layer is formed in the gas atmosphere with air revealing that the depth of oxidized zone increases with increasing the added amount of air. (2) The formation of internally oxidized zone in the outer surface layer has been found to be inhibited as Ni content increases, i. e, the amount of alloying element increases. (3) The depth of oxidation has been measured to increase with almost parabolically gas carburizing time of up to 6 hours.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2012

Fine diamond powders are synthesized with a 420 ${\phi}$ cubic press and stack-cell composed of Kovar ($Fe_{54}Ni_{29}Co_{17}$) (or Kovar+7 ${\mu}m$-thick Zn electroplated) alloy and graphite disks. The high pressure high temperature (HPHT) process condition was executed at $1500^{\circ}C$ for 280 seconds by varying the nominal pressure of 5.7~10.6 GPa. The density of formation, size, shape, and phase of diamonds are determined by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis-differential thermal ammnlysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Through the microscopy analyses, we found that 1.5 ${\mu}m$ super-fine tetrahedral diamonds were synthesized for Zn coated Kovar cell with whole range of pressure while ~3 ${\mu}m$ super-fine diamond for conventional Kovar cell with < 10.6 GPa. Based on $750^{\circ}C$ exothermic reaction of diamonds in TGA-DTA, and characteristic peaks of the diamonds in XRD and micro-Raman analysis, we could confirm that the diamonds were successfully formed with the whole pressure range in this research. Finally, we propose a new process for super-fine diamonds by lowering the pressure condition and employing Zn electroplated Kovar disks.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.63-66
• /
• 2013

This paper describes the highly productive process technologies of microprobe arrays, which were used for a probe card to test a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) chip with fine pitch pads. Cantilever-type microprobe arrays were fabricated using conventional micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) process technologies. Bonding material, gold-tin (Au-Sn) paste, was used to bond the Ni-Co alloy microprobes to the ceramic space transformer. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of a probe card with fabricated microprobes were measured by a conventional probe card tester. A probe card assembled with the fabricated microprobes showed good x-y alignment and planarity errors within ${\pm}5{\mu}m$ and ${\pm}10{\mu}m$, respectively. In addition, the average leakage current and contact resistance were approximately 1.04 nA and 0.054 ohm, respectively. The proposed highly productive microprobes can be applied to a MEMS probe card, to test a DRAM chip with fine pitch pads.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.72-76
• /
• 2005

Friction surfacing of STS304 consumable rod on S45C substrate was investigated by microstructural observation and mechanical tests. STS304 layer formed a strongly-bonded thick layer under a wide range of surfacing conditions. The highest coating eefficiency was obtained in the condition of 1000rpm-2.5mm/sec-2.5mm/sec. The hardness distribution showed the peak value in the boundary layer and as the consumable rotation speed increased, the boundary layer also hardness increasing. As the consumable rotation speed and the traveling speed increased, the coating efficiency tended to decrease. On the other hand, as the feeding speed increased, the coating efficiency appeared to be increased. The new Fe-Cr-Ni alloy layer is showed in the interface layer on $5\~15{\mu}m$ width. After friction surfacing, corrosion resistance of STS 304 surfacing layers were equaled to that of STS304 consumable rod.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.718-723
• /
• 2016

중형 차량용 에어컨에 사용되는 스크롤 압축기는 토크변동이 적고 에너지 효율이 높으며, 소음이 적어 적용이 확대되어 가고 있다. 또한 경량화에 따라 압축기를 구성하는 주요부품이 스틸에서 알루미늄으로 변경하는 등 소재에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 또한 스크롤 압축기는 고정 스크롤과 선회 스크롤의 인벌루트 랩의 가공 정밀도가 $10{\mu}m$ 이하로 정밀도가 높은 전용장비와 전용 툴은 물론 숙련된 가공기술이 요구되므로 가공 품질을 확인하기 위하여 표면조도와 윤곽도를 측정하였으며, 알루미늄을 모재로하여 양극 산화 처리하여 사용되고 있는 선회스크롤의 경도를 향상시키기 위한 방법의 일환으로 봉공처리를 수행에 따른 특성들을 살펴보았다. 알루미늄 소재는 Al-Mg-Cu계 합금으로 미량의 Ni, Fe, Zn 이 부가된 것으로 나타났으며, 표면조도는 $3{\mu}m$이하로 가공 정밀도 기준 $10{\mu}m$를 만족하였다. 또한 양극산화 후 나노다이아몬드, CNT로 봉공처리 한 경우 경도는 450 이상으로 수봉공처리의 경우 보다 50% 이상 경도가 향상됨을 알 수 있었으며, 봉공재로 사용하기 위한 소재로서 탄소나노튜브나 나노다이아몬드는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2010

기공 경사화된 마이크론 단위의 구조 틀 및 나노 수지상 구조 벽을 가지는 니켈-구리 거품 전극을 전기화학적인 방법으로 합성하였다. 전해 도금 시 순수한 니켈은 치밀한 층으로 성장하는 양상을 보였으나, 구리와 함께 도금시키는 경우 그 성장 양상이 순수한 니켈과는 매우 다르게 관찰되었다. 특히, 첨가제로써 염소 이온의 농도가 증가함에 따라 니켈-구리 도금 층의 수지상 성장이 뚜렷해지는 모습을 보였다. 또한, 기재와 먼 부분일수록 도금 층 내 구리 대비 니켈의 상대적인 양이 감소하였으며, 염소 이온 농도가 높아짐에 따라 전 도금 층에 걸쳐 니켈의 양이 증가하였다. 수지상 구조 벽의 가지 내부 조성을 분석한 결과, 중심부로 갈수록 구리 함량이 점차 높아지는 조성 구배를 확인하였으며, 적절한 열처리를 통해 상호 확산을 유도하여 균일한 조성의 니켈-구리 합금을 얻어낼 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 제작된 재료는 기능성 전기 화학 장치용 고성능 전극에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2015

In this study, porous stainless steel (STS316L) sintered body was fabricated by powder metallurgy method and its properties such as porosity, compressive yield strength, hardness, and permeability were evaluated. 67.5Fe-17Cr- 13Ni-2.5Mo (wt%) powder was produced by a water atomization. The atomized powder was classified into size with under $45{\mu}m$ and over $180{\mu}m$, and then they were compacted with various pressures and sintered at $1210^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in a vacuum atmosphere. The porosities of sintered bodies could be obtained in range of 20~53% by controlling the compaction pressure. Compressive yield strength and hardness were achieved up to 268 MPa and 94 Shore D, respectively. Air permeability was obtained up to $79l/min{\cdot}cm^2$. As a result, mechanical properties and air permeability of the optimized porous body having a porosity of 25~40% were very superior to that of Al alloy.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2011

Carbon material shows relatively high strength at high temperature in vacuum atmosphere and can be easily removed as CO or $CO_2$ gas in oxidation atmosphere. Using these characteristics, we have investigated the applicability of carbon mold for precision casting of high melting point metal such as nickel. Disc shape carbon mold with cylindrical pores was prepared and Ni-base super alloy (CM247LC) was used as casting material. The effects of electroless Nickel plating on wettability and cast parameters such as temperature and pressure on castability were investigated. Furthermore, the proper condition for removal of carbon mold by evaporation in oxidation atmosphere was also examined. The SEM observation of the interface between carbon mold and casting materials (CM247LC), which was infiltrated at temperature up to $1600^{\circ}C$, revealed that there was no particular product at the interface. Carbon mold was effectively eliminated by exposure in oxygen rich atmosphere at $705^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and oxidation of casting materials was restrained during raising and lowering the temperature by using inert gas. It means that the carbon can be applicable to precision casting as mold material.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.419-428
• /
• 2020

The kinetics of direct methanation over activated charcoal-supported molybdenum catalyst at 30 bar was studied in a cylindrical fixed-bed reactor. When the temperature was not higher than 400℃, the CO conversion increased with increasing temperature according to the Arrhenius law of reaction kinetics. While XRD and Raman analysis showed that Mo was present as Mo oxides after reduction or methanation, TEM and XPS analysis showed that Mo₂C was formed after methanation depending on the loading of Mo precursor. When the temperature was as high as 500℃, the CO conversion was dependent not only on the Arrhenius law but also on the catalyzed reaction by nanoparticles, which came off from the reactor and thermocouple by metal dusting. These nanoparticles were made of Ni, Fe, Cr and alloy, and attributed to the formation of carbon deposit on the wall of the reactor and on the surface of the thermocouple. The carbon deposit consisted of amorphous and disordered carbon filaments.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.241-241
• /
• 2007

We fabricated SmBCO coated conductors(CCs) on IBAD-MgO templates using co-evaporation method. IBAD-MgO templates consist of PLD-LMO/epi-MgO/IBAD-MgO/Ni-alloy and showed good in-plane texture of below FWHM 7 degree. Evaporation rates of Sm, Ba, and Cu were precisely controlled to get the optimum composition ratio after deposition process. To optimize the oxygen partial pressure of reaction region, wide range of the partial pressure was investigated from 1 mTorr to 15 mTorr. By reducing the oxygen partial pressure to 5mTorr, (103)grains in SmBCO layer have been increased. On the other hand, there were only (001)grains in SmBCO layer deposited at 15 mTorr $O_2$. Deposition temperature was also investigated from $600^{\circ}C\;to\;800^{\circ}C$ to make high Ic SmBCO CCs. SmBCO on IBAD MgO template showed that the Ic increased gradually at higher growth temperature to $800^{\circ}C$, which the highest Jc and Ic is $2.6\;MA/cm^2$ and 500 A/cm-w., respectively.