• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2004

The objective of this experiment was to suggest the optimum N fertilization level for turf type mixtures {Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 40% + tall fescue(Rebell Jr.) 20%. + perennial ryegrass(Palmer II) 10% + redtop(Barricuda) 10% + red fescue(Salem) 10% + creeping bentgrass(Crenshaw) 10%}. The field trials were conducted from 1998 to 2000 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality on the N levels(100, 150 and 200kg/ha). With increasing the N level, the average DM yields over 2-years of turf type mixtures significantly increased. The average total DM yields were obtained 6,551, 8,182 and 9,501kg/ha at N 100, 150 and 200kg/ha level(p<0.05), respectively. CP content and DMD were increased, whereas fibrous constituents was decreased(p<0.05), but CPDM and DDM yields were significantly increased with increasing the N levels over 2-year(p<0.05). Based on the results, considering the total DM yield and the quality of herbages which were incidentally produced from turf type mixtures, it can be suggested that the suitable N level was 200kg/ha. But increased N fertilizer usage for general purpose use and expenses on turf type mixtures should be considered in advance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate dry matter yield and quality of six turf grasses, and thus to apply its result into making mixed species in the mixtures. The six turf grasses were Kentucky bluegrass(Newport), red fescue(Salem), creeping bentgrass(Crenshaw), perennial ryegrass(Palmer Ⅱ), tall fescue(Rebell Jr.) and redtop(Barricuda). This experiment was carried out for 3-years at grassland experimental field of Chungnam National University. The dry matter(DM) yield obtained in tall fescue and redtop was higher than those of the other species(p<0.05). Consideration of crude protein content and dry matter digestibility(DMD), the species of high quality compared to the other species were creeping bentgrass, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass. The crude protein dry matter yield was higher in Kentucky bluegrass and redtop, it was lower in red fescue(p<0.05). On the other hand, digestible dry matter(DDM) yield was higher in tall fescue and redtop, but lower in creeping bentgrass and red fescue(p<0.05). Based on the result mentioned above, therefore, it is suggested that turf grasses such as tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and redtop are recommended as species of turf grass which could be used as bottom grasses in mixtures.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2011

This study is to contribute to create favorable conditions for developing the new port in a timely and as well helps to propose role and establish status of incheon port in the future by reviewing port facility capacity of Incheon Newport, applied trigger rule reasonably. By applying trigger rule with annual growth rate(11.4%) between 2001 to 2009 rules it will be 18 berths reducing 2 years for completion date than annual growth rate(9.4%) forecasted by Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. This paper first suggests the tri-ports policies including Incheon new port, Busan port and Gwang-Yang port and creating favorable conditions for the early completion and lastly attracting high valued-added transshipment cargo for developing incheon new port in a timely.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to scientifically examine Kuhl's (2011), originally Johnson and Newport's (1989) critical period graph, from a perspective of auditory perception and linguistic discrimination. This study utilizes two types of experiments (auditory perception and linguistic phoneme discrimination) with five different age groups (5 years, 6-8 years, 9-13 years, 15-17 years, and 20-26 years) of Korean English learners. Auditory perception is examined via ultrasonic sounds that are commonly used in the medical field. In addition, each group is measured in terms of their ability to discriminate minimal pairs in Chinese. Since almost all Korean students already have some amount of English exposure, the researchers selected phonemes in Chinese, an unexposed foreign language for all of the subject groups. The results are almost completely in accordance with Kuhl's critical period graph for auditory perception and linguistic discrimination; a sensitive age is found at 8. The results show that the auditory capability of kindergarten children is significantly better than that of other students, measured by their ability to perceive ultrasonic sounds and to distinguish ten minimal pairs in Chinese. This finding strongly implies that human auditory ability is a key factor for the sensitive period of language acquisition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2012

The vegetable brassicas are an important crop worldwide and are of significant commercial value. In order to ensure our targets for food security are met it is important that these crops are continually improved to increase sustainability of production, increase nutritional quality and reduce waste. Development of resistances against both biotic and abiotic stress are recognised as being key. Plant breeding plays a vital role in addressing these issues through the development of new and improved varieties. This continued improvement is becoming evermore dependent on our ability to identify and introgress beneficial alleles from 'exotic' germplasm into elite breeding material. Increasingly, more diverse germplasm such as those found in genebanks is being screened for benificial allelic variation, however, plant breeders often find it difficult to make use of such material due to the time required to remove undesirable characteristics from progeny due to linkage drag. This article describes how we have attempted to overcome this and develop resources that make the diversity available within the $Brassica$ $oleracea$ genepool more accessible.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2012

In situ particle size spectra are obtained from two sequent cruises in order to evaluate the physical consequences of suspended particulate matters caused by episodic storm runoff from the Santa Ana River watershed, an urbanized coastal watershed. Suspended particles from various sources including surface runoff, near-bed resuspension, and phytoplankton are identified in empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and an entropy-based parameterization (Shannon entropy). The first EOF mode is associated with high turbidity and fine particles as indicated by the elevated beam attenuation near the Santa Ana River and Newport Bay outlets, and the second EOF mode explains the suspended sediment dispersal and particle coarsening at the near-surface plume. Chlorophyll particles are also distinguished by negative magnitudes of the first EOF mode, which is supported by the relationship between fluorescence and beam attenuation. The integrated observation between the first EOF mode and the Shannon entropy index accentuates the characteristics of two different structures and/or sources of sediment particles; the near-surface plumes are originated from runoff water outflow, while the near-bottom particles are resuspended due to increased wave heights or mobilizing bottom turbidity currents. In a coastal pollution context, these methods may offer useful means of characterizing particle-associated pollutants for purposes of source tracking and environmental interpretation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-79
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• 2003

Seventeen metazoan parasites were recovered from Sebastes crameri collected from Newport fish market. Nine Trochopus australis and 8 Neobrachiella robusta were found on gill arches of canary rockfishes. The commonest sites of metazoan parasites were the posterodorsal region and second gill arches of Sebastes crameri. T. australis were most commonly found on the second gill arches, but in N. robusta. the first gill arches were the most frequented position. No N. robusta were discovered on the fourth gill arch. Metazoan parasites infected gill arches I, II, and posterodorsal regions of S. crameri, occurring less frequently on the gill arches III, IV anteriorventral and middle regions.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.339-344
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• 2009

This paper aims at identifying the effectiveness of the maintenance of container cranes in two typical container terminals in Pusan Port based on the empirical data For this the key performance indicator (KPI) was introduced with some information on world class standard level. Then, an empirical analysis was conducted with respect to the interaction of equipment maintenance KPI such as MMBF, PM, EM, and Breakdown ratio.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.25-42
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• 2019

This research examined the mediation effect of Workforce Agility (WA) on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and operational performance. We manipulated the control variables that are known to be affected by employment flexibility. Employment flexibility is caused by idiosyncratic characteristics of Korean port system. The analysis was tested by Baron & Kenny's method. The result indicates that each path of the proposed model is significant. Furthermore, the mediation effect was checked with the Sobel Test. The research revealed that environment uncertainty poses an indirect effect on operational performance. Both supply/demand uncertainty and technological uncertainty affected operational performance through the mediation effect of WA. Most of the distribution centers located in Busan Newport Distripark are operated in a bimodal labor (human resource) system which includes both permanent employees (workers) and temporary employees (workers). This empirical research provides theoretical and managerial implications by suggesting ways to increase efficiency in distribution center operation through WA enhancement, and to improve the unloading labor system.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of $\beta$-glucan from barley on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. The RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were preincubated with various concentrations ($0-200\;{\mu}g/mL$) of $\beta$-glucan and stimulated with LPS to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The $\beta$-glucan treatments were found to reduce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) accumulation, and enhance glutathione levels and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in the LPS-stimulated macrophages as compared to the LPS-only treated cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) with an $IC_{50}$ of $104\;{\mu}g/mL$. Further treatment with $\beta$-glucan at $200\;{\mu}g/mL$ suppressed NO production to 2% of the LPS-control, and suppressed the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. The specific DNA binding activity of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B\;(NF{\kappa}B)$ was significantly suppressed by $\beta$-glucan treatment with an $IC_{50}$ of $220\;{\mu}g/mL$ in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, barley $\beta$-glucan ameliorates NO production and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of $NF{\kappa}B$ activity, which may be mediated by attenuated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages.