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$\beta$-Glucan Suppresses LPS-stimulated NO Production Through the Down-regulation of iNOS Expression and $NF{\kappa}B$ Transactivation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages  

Yang, Jeong-Lye (Busan Newport Import Food Inspection Office, Busan Regional Food & Drug Administration)
Jang, Ji-Hyun (BK21 Center for Smart Food and Drugs, Biohealth Products Research Center, Inje University)
Radhakrishnan, Vinodhkumar (BK21 Center for Smart Food and Drugs, Biohealth Products Research Center, Inje University)
Kim, Yang-Ha (Department of Food and Nutrition, Ehwa U0mans University)
Song, Young-Sun (BK21 Center for Smart Food and Drugs, Biohealth Products Research Center, Inje University)
Publication Information
Food Science and Biotechnology / v.17, no.1, 2008 , pp. 106-113 More about this Journal
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of $\beta$-glucan from barley on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. The RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were preincubated with various concentrations ($0-200\;{\mu}g/mL$) of $\beta$-glucan and stimulated with LPS to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. The $\beta$-glucan treatments were found to reduce thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) accumulation, and enhance glutathione levels and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in the LPS-stimulated macrophages as compared to the LPS-only treated cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) with an $IC_{50}$ of $104\;{\mu}g/mL$. Further treatment with $\beta$-glucan at $200\;{\mu}g/mL$ suppressed NO production to 2% of the LPS-control, and suppressed the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. The specific DNA binding activity of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B\;(NF{\kappa}B)$ was significantly suppressed by $\beta$-glucan treatment with an $IC_{50}$ of $220\;{\mu}g/mL$ in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, barley $\beta$-glucan ameliorates NO production and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of $NF{\kappa}B$ activity, which may be mediated by attenuated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Keywords
barley $\beta$-glucan; oxidative stress; nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$; inducible nitric oxide synthase expression; nitric oxide; macrophage;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 3  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 2
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