• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.6 no.4 s.22
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

Currently, due to remodeling of newly built apartment, national resource loss and personal economic loss are being occurred and construction wastes are making more environmental issues. This study aims to devise reduction in cost and economic loss coming from remodeling by selecting general house size of apartment, carrying out surveys and investigating current status of remodeling before and after moving into newly built apartments.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.83-87
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• 2003

In recent days, IAQ(Indoor Air Quality) is regarded as one of the most important environmental factors as well as thermal and acoustic comfort. Various architectural materials are applied and air-tightness of the building is more strengthening to save energy consumption. This is why the air quality of the newly built houses became worse. In this study, contaminants(CO, CO$_2$, Radon, TVOCs, HCHO) density was measured in a newly built house and evaluation was carried out by ASHRAE and EPA Standards. As a result, CO, CO$_2$, TSP and Radon density of the newly built house was in a range of ASHRAE and EPA Standards, but it turned out TVOCs and HCHO density exceeds almost 3${\sim}$5 times in comparison with that of ASHRAE and EPA Standards.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.649-655
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• 2006

The recent indoor air quality problem in a newly-built apartment house is resulted from the improvement of airtightness performance and the use of the building material contained harmful chemical substances. As a result, these cause indoor air quality gradually to become worse and the harmful effect on occupant health called Sick House Syndrome. The most effective solution to improve the indoor air quality is to encourage the use of green building material. However, if the house is built with general building material, ventilation with outdoor air is alternative to dilute the pollutant concentration. The purpose of this re-search is to find optimum ventilation time in a newly-built apartment house at which the ventilatoris installed. It is found that the HCHO and toluene concentrations are remarkably decreased with the elapse of ventilation time and the concentration reduction rate is increased with increment of air change rate after one hour after operating the ventilator.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of living factors on TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) concentrations and personal factors to reduce the Sick House Syndrome for newly-built apartments. The field measurements of TVOC concentrations were made totally 30 times(5 times per one subject house) in six apartment units in which residents recently moved. Those apartments authorized its business approval before May 2004, the Act of Indoor Air Quality Management for multi-use facilities. The Questionnaire surveys of residents' subjective responses on the Sick House Syndrome were carried out in 2nd measurement of each house. Respondents consisted of 20 residents living in the measured houses. The findings were as follows: The TVOC concentrations of the measured subject apartments ranged from about 1/10 of the recommended standard for multi-use facilities($400{\mu}g/m^3$) to up to 90 times as high as the standard. Since then, the Recommended Standard of Indoor Air Quality Management for newly-built apartment house was announced in December 2005. In accordance with this standard($2390{\mu}g/m^3$) it ranged from about 1/100 to up to 15 times as high as the standard. The subject house whose TVOC concentrations reduced below the recommendation standard in the shortest period had the largest amount of ventilation (all the windows were open for ventilation in the past three months) among all measured houses. The reason of another house whose TVOC concentrations were much higher than the rest was fronted with new furniture in the room. There turned out to be no apparent relations between the TVOC concentrations and the residents' individual responses of Sick House Syndrome. The responses were serious in those who stayed in their new houses for a long period or had disease like allergy. It's recommended that they should open all the windows for at least three months for ventilation in newly-built houses, and it would be better to avoid remodeling than needs be.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.3 s.217
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• pp.103-113
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the present condition of sick house syndrome of newly built apartments a mid-sized city. The questionnaire survey was carried out from $19^{th}\;to\;22^{nd}$ of May 2004, with respondents consisting of 160 households living in two apartment complexes of Cheongju. Their residency periods after moving in were within $six{\sim}ten$ months. From the survey results of the respondents, sick house syndrome items revealed high percentages with the highest value of 49.3%. The respondents answered that they knew relatively well about sick house syndrome but they had no knowledge about 'bake-out'. The response percentages of sick house syndrome items in E complex, consisting of $106m^2$ (32 pyeong) size units, were significantly higher than those in A complex, consisting of $76m^2$ (23 pyeong) size units. This result suggests that the pollution levels emitted from interior materials in larger sized apartment units are higher than those in small sized units. The response percentages of sick house syndrome items in houses with fulfilled ventilation which had been ventilated before or after moving in were lower than in houses not ventilated.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

This study involves 2 newly built apartment houses which are A with 23 floors as 150 mm slab width and B with 16 floors as 180 mm slab width. The impact was added by tapping and bang machine at the middle floor level of these 2 apartments and the test was arranged in terms of the characteristic of vibration and sound level which transferred to upper or down floors. As a result, impact floor shows the highest value in terms of both sound and vibration level and followed was at down floor of the Impact floor. Also, blocking function for the lightweight and heavyweight floor impact sound level was tested for each room of the apartment A and B including living room, main room, room 1 and 2. As a result, sound blocking function of B apartment was better than that of A and the function was getting worse when the room size is getting smaller.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.268-271
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of living factors on TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) concentrations for newly-built apartments. The field measurements of TVOC concentrations were made totally 30 times(5 times per one subject house) in six apartment units in which residents recently moved. Those apartments authorized its business approval before May 2004, the Act of Indoor Air auality Management for multi-use facilities. The findings were as follows: The TVOC concentrations of the measured subject apartments ranged from about 1/10 of the recommended standard for multi-use facilities($400{\mu}g/m^3$) to up to 90 times as high as the standard. Since then, the Recommended Standard of Indoor Air Quality Management for newly-built apartment house was announced in December 2005. In accordance with this standard($2390{\mu}g/m^3$) it ranged from about 1/100 to up to 15 times as high as the standard. The subject house whose TVOC concentrations reduced below the recommendation standard in the shortest period had the largest amount of ventilation (all the windows were open for ventilation in the past three months) among ail measured houses. The reason of another house whose TVOC concentrations were much higher than the rest was fronted with new furniture in the room. It's recommended that they should open all the windows for at least three months for ventilation in newly-built houses, and it would be better to avoid remodeling than needs be.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

Recently, much attention has been paid to the problem such as sick building syndrome, which caused by the indoor air pollutant. Volatile Organic Compounds $(VOC_s)$ and formaldehyde have been considered as one of the main reason that causes indoor air pollutant. This study is for introducing and designing thermal performance of super energy saving building by conducting $VOC_s$ and formaldehyde concentration in the 3Liter house. The results of the measurement for 10 months showed that $VOC_s$ and formaldehyde decreased until the guideline concentration. It took about 7 months, and it appeared right after new construction. However, their levels were showed higher concentration in comparison with the ordinary residential houses (apartment house). The main difference of between newly built 3Liter house and ordinary apartment is their air changes, which are 0.67/h for 3Liter house and 4.0/h for the apartment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

This study was performed to measure the changed concentrations of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds after moving in the newly constructed apartment buildings at Seoul. From December 2004 to October 2005, we measured the concentration of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in newly constructed apartment buildings before and after residence. In conclusion, it showed that there was a significant relationship association between the con centration of the volatile organic compound and the formaldehyde and remodeling of the house, built in-furniture, and ventilation of the house. Therefore, it was suggested that we need preventive measures and management plans about various factors such. as remodeling, and built in-furniture, ventilation to decrease the concentrations of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study investigated current status of lighting environment, residents' awareness of lighting and lighting use according to behavior in the living room of apartment to determine current lighting trends and their related problems. The living rooms of newly-built apartment units(133~165[$m^2$] and larger than 166[$m^2$] within the past five years) were examined. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Resident satisfaction with current living room lighting was the highest in 'illumination' and the lowest was 'energy savings' regardless of the size of living room. 2. This kind of ceiling lighting layout, 133~165[$m^2$] unit used central lighting and larger than 166[$m^2$] units used central lighting and cove lighting. Regarding light sources, 133~165[$m^2$] linear FL, halogen, larger than 166[$m^2$] bulb-type FL are widely used. LED are now being found in the living room corridor and kitchen walls of newly-built apartment houses. 3. Watching TV and reading books were commonly behaved in the living room. Conversations between family, having desserts, resting, housekeeping, and entertaining were usually done weekdays, while having desserts and conversations between family were done weekends. Use of lighting as main behaviors is properly and differently required due to the distinct uses of lighting as residents' behaviors or their life style.