• 제목/요약/키워드: New infectious disease

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Sustainability Considerations and Satisfaction with Online Food-Delivery Services During Covid-19 Pandemic

  • CHAE, Myoung-Jin
    • Asian Journal of Business Environment
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: Motivated by an expedited growth and distribution of Online Food-Delivery (OFD) services, especially during the recent Covid-19 pandemic, this research aims to explore 1) how consumers' sustainability considerations are associated with satisfaction with the services via opt-out cutlery options and 2) the role of the pandemic in the relationships between sustainability considerations, attitudes toward opt-out cutlery options, and satisfaction with the OFD services. Data and Methodology: An analysis of survey data using 434 consumers in the United States recruited from Amazon M-Turk was conducted using structural equation modeling. Results: Findings suggest that consumers' environmental, health, and ethical considerations are positively related to their attitudes toward opt-out cutlery options. Furthermore, attitudes toward opt-out cutlery options are positively related to satisfaction with the OFD services only when they feel connected with the environment, driven by perceived threats of an infectious disease (i.e. Covid-19). Conclusion: The study findings provide new insights to managers in the OFD service industry on how to promote sustainable consumption during the pandemic.

ICT 기반 비대면 재난심리지원의 가능성과 한계에 대한 고찰 (A Study on the Possibilities and Limitations of ICT- based Non-face-to-face Disaster Psychological Support)

  • 이정화;김희철
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.266-267
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    • 2021
  • 최근 코로나 19팬데믹은 감염병 차원의 재난이 아닌 복합재난의 전형으로 전통적인 재난대응 관리방식으로는 대응하기가 어려워졌다. 이에 코로나 블루와 같은 심리적 스트레스와 트라우마를 경험하는 것이 새로운 사회문제로 부상하였다. 따라서 심리적 재난 및 위기를 선제적으로 예측하고 효과적으로 대응함에 있어 전통적 서비스에 ICT기술을 활용한 비대면 재난심리지원의 필요성과 방향에 대해 논한다.

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Evolution and international transmission of H3N2 canine influenza A viruses from Korea during 2014-2017

  • Chung-Young Lee
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.78.1-78.6
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    • 2023
  • Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza A viruses (CIVs) have become enzootic in China and Korea and have sporadically transmitted to North America, causing multiple epidemics. We isolated six CIVs in Korea from CIV-infected patients during 2014-2017 and conducted whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Results revealed that CIVs have circulated and evolved in Korea since the early 2000s and then diversified into a new clade, probably contributing to multiple epidemics in China, the USA, and Canada. Our findings bridge an evolutionary gap for understanding the global transmission of CIVs, emphasizing the significance of continuous monitoring of CIVs.

Host-Pathogen Dialogues in Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Necrosis during Mycobacterial Infection

  • Jin Kyung Kim;Prashanta Silwal;Eun-Kyeong Jo
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.37.1-37.15
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    • 2020
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an etiologic pathogen of human tuberculosis (TB), a serious infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, the threat of drug resistance in anti-TB therapy is of global concern. Despite this, it remains urgent to research for understanding the molecular nature of dynamic interactions between host and pathogens during TB infection. While Mtb evasion from phagolysosomal acidification is a well-known virulence mechanism, the molecular events to promote intracellular parasitism remains elusive. To combat intracellular Mtb infection, several defensive processes, including autophagy and apoptosis, are activated. In addition, Mtb-ingested phagocytes trigger inflammation, and undergo necrotic cell death, potentially harmful responses in case of uncontrolled pathological condition. In this review, we focus on Mtb evasion from phagosomal acidification, and Mtb interaction with host autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Elucidation of the molecular dialogue will shed light on Mtb pathogenesis, host defense, and development of new paradigms of therapeutics.

미얀마의 말라리아, 결핵 및 간염의 표준 진단법 및 치료법 현황 (Current Status of Standard Diagnostics and Treatment for Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Hepatitis in Myanmar)

  • 한은택;이종석;정재훈;장철훈
    • Laboratory Medicine Online
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.94-102
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    • 2017
  • 말라리아, 결핵, 간염은 미얀마의 중요한 감염 질환으로, 퇴치를 위한 노력에도 불구하고 여전히 심각한 상황이다. 곤충 매개 질환의 하나인 말라리아는 관리 목표치에 도달하여 관리가 잘 이루어지고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 하지만 결핵은 과거 수십년간 오히려 증가하고 있으며, 만성 바이러스성 간염은 주변 국가들에 비해 여전히 높은 수준이다. 이들 감염 질환을 통제하는데 중요한 방법은 조기 진단과 치료이다. 저자들은 최근 4년간 KOICA의 지원으로 미얀마의 주요 감염병의 실태를 파악하고, 감염병 퇴치를 위한 노력을 기울여 왔다. 지금은 이동 수단의 발달로 인해 감염병의 전파에서 국경의 한계가 없어졌기에, 세계 어느 곳에서의 감염도 다른 지역의 사람들에게 끼치는 영향이 크다. 비록 우리나라에서 멀리 떨어진 곳이기는 하나, 미얀마의 감염병 퇴치 노력이 우리나라와 전 세계의 인류 보건 향상에 중요한 영향을 끼칠 것으로 생각한다.

코로나 바이러스 대유행에 따른 치과 의료 관리 가이드라인 (Guidelines for dental clinic infection prevention during COVID-19 pandemic)

  • 김진
    • 대한치과의료관리학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2020
  • Dental settings have unique characteristics that warrant specific infection control considerations, including (1) prioritizing the most critical dental services and provide care in a way that minimizes harm to patients due to delayed care, or harm to personnel from potential exposure to persons infected with the COVID-19 disease, and (2) proactively communicate to both personnel and patients the need for them to stay at home if sick. For health care, an interim infection prevention and control recommendation (COVID-19) is recommended for patients suspected of having coronavirus or those whose status has been confirmed. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19, is thought to be spread primarily between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6 feet) through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Airborne transmission from person-to-person over long distances is unlikely. However, COVID-19 is a new disease, and there remain uncertainties about its mode of spreads and the severity of illness it causes. The virus has been shown to persist in aerosols for several hours, and on some surfaces for days under laboratory conditions. COVID-19 may also be spread by people who are asymptomatic. The practice of dentistry involves the use of rotary dental and surgical instruments, such as handpieces or ultrasonic scalers, and air-water syringes. These instruments create a visible spray that can contain particle droplets of water, saliva, blood, microorganisms, and other debris. While KF 94 masks protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose from droplet spatter, they do not provide complete protection against the inhalation of airborne infectious agents. If the patient is afebrile (temperature <100.4°F)* and otherwise without symptoms consistent with COVID-19, then dental care may be provided using appropriate engineering and administrative controls, work practices, and infection control considerations. It is necessary to provide supplies for respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, including alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) with 60%~95% alcohol, tissues, and no-touch receptacles for disposal, at healthcare facility entrances, waiting rooms, and patient check-ins. There is also the need to install physical barriers (e.g., glass or plastic windows) in reception areas to limit close contact between triage personnel and potentially infectious patients. Ideally, dental treatment should be provided in individual rooms whenever possible, with a spacing of at least 6 feet between the patient chairs. Further, the use of easy-to-clean floor-to-ceiling barriers will enhance the effectiveness of portable HEPA air filtration systems. Before and after all patient contact, contact with potentially infectious material, and before putting on and after removing personal protective equipment, including gloves, hand hygiene after removal is particularly important to remove any pathogens that may have been transferred to the bare hands during the removal process. ABHR with 60~95% alcohol is to be used, or hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 s.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Mutation Is Faster than the Chase: Multiple Mutations on Spike/ACE2 Interaction Residues

  • Sinae Kim;Tam T. Nguyen;Afeisha S. Taitt;Hyunjhung Jhun;Ho-Young Park;Sung-Han Kim;Yong-Gil Kim;Eun Young Song;Youngmin Lee;Hokee Yum;Kyeong-Cheol Shin;Yang Kyu Choi;Chang-Seon Song;Su Cheong Yeom;Byoungguk Kim;Mihai Netea;Soohyun Kim
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.38.1-38.8
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    • 2021
  • Recently, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.1.529) Omicron variant originated from South Africa in the middle of November 2021. SARS-CoV-2 is also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Several studies already suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant would be the fastest transmissible variant compared to the previous 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, interest, and alert. Few clinical studies reported the high transmissibility of the Omicron variant but there is insufficient time to perform actual experiments to prove it, since the spread is so fast. We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which revealed a very high rate of mutation at amino acid residues that interact with angiostatin-converting enzyme 2. The mutation rate of COVID-19 is faster than what we prepared vaccine program, antibody therapy, lockdown, and quarantine against COVID-19 so far. Thus, it is necessary to find better strategies to overcome the current crisis of COVID-19 pandemic.

New genotype classification and molecular characterization of canine and feline parvoviruses

  • Chung, Hee-Chun;Kim, Sung-Jae;Nguyen, Van Giap;Shin, Sook;Kim, Jae Young;Lim, Suk-Kyung;Park, Yong Ho;Park, BongKyun
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.43.1-43.13
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    • 2020
  • Background: Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia (FPV) cause severe intestinal disease and leukopenia. Objectives: In Korea, there have been a few studies on Korean FPV and CPV-2 strains. We attempted to investigate several genetic properties of FPV and CPV-2. Methods: Several FPV and CPV sequences from around world were analyzed by Bayesian phylo-geographical analysis. Results: The parvoviruses strains were newly classified into FPV, CPV 2-I, CPV 2-II, and CPV 2-III genotypes. In the strains isolated in this study, Gigucheon, Rara and Jun belong to the FPV, while Rachi strain belong to CPV 2-III. With respect to CPV type 2, the new genotypes are inconsistent with the previous genotype classifications (CPV-2a, -2b, and -2c). The root of CPV-I strains were inferred to be originated from a USA strain, while the CPV-II and III were derived from Italy strains that originated in the USA. Based on VP2 protein analysis, CPV 2-I included CPV-2a-like isolates only, as differentiated by the change in residue S297A/N. Almost CPV-2a isolates were classified into CPV 2-III, and a large portion of CPV-2c isolates was classified into CPV 2-II. Two residue substitutions F267Y and Y324I of the VP2 protein were characterized in the isolates of CPV 2-III only. Conclusions: We provided an updated insight on FPV and CPV-2 genotypes by molecular-based and our findings demonstrate the genetic characterization according to the new genotypes.

A New Multiplex-PCR for Urinary Tract Pathogen Detection Using Primer Design Based on an Evolutionary Computation Method

  • Garcia, Liliana Torcoroma;Cristancho, Laura Maritza;Vera, Erika Patricia;Begambre, Oscar
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제25권10호
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    • pp.1714-1727
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    • 2015
  • This work describes a new strategy for optimal design of Multiplex-PCR primer sequences. The process is based on the Particle Swarm Optimization-Simplex algorithm (Mult-PSOS). Diverging from previous solutions centered on heuristic tools, the Mult-PSOS is selfconfigured because it does not require the definition of the algorithm's initial search parameters. The successful performance of this method was validated in vitro using Multiplex-PCR assays. For this validation, seven gene sequences of the most prevalent bacteria implicated in urinary tract infections were taken as DNA targets. The in vitro tests confirmed the good performance of the Mult-PSOS, with respect to infectious disease diagnosis, in the rapid and efficient selection of the optimal oligonucleotide sequences for Multiplex-PCRs. The predicted sequences allowed the adequate amplification of all amplicons in a single step (with the correct amount of DNA template and primers), reducing significantly the need for trial and error experiments. In addition, owing to its independence from the initial selection of the heuristic constants, the Mult-PSOS can be employed by non-expert users in computational techniques or in primer design problems.

Estimating the Transmittable Prevalence of Infectious Diseases Using a Back-Calculation Approach

  • Lee, Youngsaeng;Jang, Hyun Gap;Kim, Tae Yoon;Park, Jeong-Soo
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.487-500
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    • 2014
  • A new method to calculate the transmittable prevalence of an epidemic disease is proposed based on a back-calculation formula. We calculated the probabilities of reactivation and of parasitemia as well as transmittable prevalence (the number of persons with parasitemia in the incubation period) of malaria in South Korea using incidence of 12 years(2001-2012). For this computation, a new probability function of transmittable condition is obtained. The probability of reactivation is estimated by the least squares method for the back-calculated longterm incubation period. The probability of parasitemia is calculated by a convolution of the survival function of the short-term incubation function and the probability of reactivation. Transmittable prevalence is computed by a convolution of the infected numbers and the probabilities of transmission. Confidence intervals are calculated using the parametric bootstrap method. The method proposed is applicable to other epidemic diseases in other countries where incidence and a long incubation period are available. We found the estimated transmittable prevalence in South Korea was concentrated in the summer with 276 cases on a peak at the $31^{st}$ week and with about a 60% reduction in the peak from the naive prevalence. The statistics of transmittable prevalence can be used for malaria prevention programs and to select blood transfusion donors.