• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2008

Objectives : We can find out the experimental reports of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang, which has the function of regulating blood pressure related with cerebral disease, and increasing local cerebral blood stream volume, also has the recoveries for the damage of vessel endothelium, and endothelium hypertrophy caused by angiospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and reduces the contraction of smooth muscle, so simultaneously improves necrosis. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang protecting neuronal cells from being damaged by brain ischemia through using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : We caused ischemic damage to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by oxygen and glucose deprivation, and Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract was added to cultures. Thereafter we measured area percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained neuronal cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture media and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results : Area percentage of PI-stained neuronal cells and count of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 and DG area of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. LDH levels in culture media of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. Conclusions : Within pertinent density level, Yanggyuksanhwa-tang has cell protection effect that prevents brain ischemia damaging neuronal cells and apoptosis increasing.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2007

퇴행성 뇌질환의 하나인 알츠하이머는 가벼운 기억력의 장애에서부터 전반적인 인지기능의 장애를 나타내는 질환으로 해마 (hippocampus)를 포함한 신경세포에서 세포사와 관련이 있는 것으로 보고 되어왔다. AP의 자체 독성과 산화 스트레스, $A{\beta}$ plaque에서 나오는 free radical은 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$를 높이고 이로 인해 calpain이 활성화되어 신경 세포사가 촉진되며 microtubule과 같은 cytoskeleton을 파괴시킨다. 이러한 ROS와 $A{\beta}$에 의해 유도되는 세포사멸을 보호하는 물질을 해바라기 씨 추출물을 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 우선 추출물이 항산화 효과 (DPPH, FRAP assay), acetylcholinesterase(AChE)의 활성 및 SH-SY5Y cell의 세포사멸에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 항산화 활성과 AChE에 대한 억제활성은 해바라기 씨 추출물 처리농도가 높을수록 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. $H_2O_2$와 $A{\beta}$에 의해 유도된 SH-SY5Y에 대한 세포사멸 억제효과 실험(MTT assay)에서 해바라기 씨 추출물이 모두 높은 활성을 나타내었으므로 이의 성분분리는 뇌세포 보호를 위한 좋은 식품재료가 될 수 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2008

The impact of storage on the neuroprotective effects against $A\beta$-induced cell death and physicochemical characteristics of milk fortified with BF-7 were investigated. The BF-7 milk exerted protection of neuronal cells SK-N-SH from amyloid beta ($A\beta$)-induced neuronal stress. Our results showed that incubation of the cell with pretreated BF-7 milk, significantly attenuated apoptotic stress by $A\beta$, considered in cell morphology and nucleus shape. The general compositions were maintained consistently in BF-7 fortified milk (BF-7 milk). The BF-7 did not make any disturbance on pH and titratable acidity. The color change was not detected, either. Also, any microorganism had not been detected with more than 7 days storage at $4^{\circ}C$. In sensory evaluation study. the average scores of each sensory attribute were quite similar with plain milk. In conclusion, our results strongly indicate that BF-7 characteristics are quite adequate to be included in milk and BF-7 milk is still working well on neuro-protection, result in enforcing our brain and delaying neurodegeneration.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2004

Myristica fragrans seed from Myristica fragrans Houtt (Myristicaceae) has various pharmacological activities peripherally and centrally. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans seed (MF) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cerebellar granule neuron. MF, over a concentration range of 0.05 to $5\;{\mu}g/ml$, inhibited NMDA (1 mM)- induced neuronal cell death, which was measured by trypan blue exclusion test and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MF $(0.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by NMDA (1 mM), which was measured by HPLC. Pretreatrnent of MF $(0.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited NMDA (1 mM)-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_c)$, which was measured by a fluorescent dye, Fura 2-AM, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that MF prevents NMDA-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2001년도 Korean Environmental Mutagen Society
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• pp.112-112
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• 2001

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Anti-neurodegenerative activities of aqueous extract from propolis were investigated. The aqueous extracts showed strong antioxidant activities in malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, and it effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. In addition, the aqueous extract presented protective effects against $H_2O_2-induced$ neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Our study verified that the aqueous extract has strong antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effect which is correlated with its total phenolics (290.75 mg GAE/g) including p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid and gallic acid. These phenolics of propolis may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disorders, and can be utilized as effective and safe resources of functional food.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2016

HPLC/MS를 이용하여 국내 자생 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum)의 페놀성 화합물을 분석한 결과 제주지역 엉겅퀴가 가장 많은 페놀성 화합물을 함유하고 있었으며, chlorogenic acid가 73.15 mg/g dry weight, linarin이 76.67 mg/g dry weight 그리고 pectolinarin이 12.98 mg/g dry weight으로 확인되었다. 엉겅퀴의 기능성 식품으로서의 가치를 확인하기 위하여 산화방지 활성 및 신경세포 보호효과를 평가한 결과 DPPH, ABTS 및 FRAP assay에서 엉겅퀴의 강력한 산화방지 활성이 나타났다. 엉겅퀴 추출물이 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼의 50%를 저해하는 농도는 각각 $567{\mu}g/mL$와 $130{\mu}g/mL$으로 나타났다. DPPH, ABTS, FRAP법을 통한 총산화방지능은 각각 11.32, 100.15, $12.76{\mu}g/mL$ trolox equivalents 나타났다. 과산화수소로 산화적 손상을 유도한 PC12 세포에 대하여 MTT와 LDH assay를 이용하여 세포생존률을 측정한 결과 농도 의존적으로 세포 보호 활성이 나타났으며, 마찬가지로 활성산소종 생성률을 측정한 결과 농도 의존적으로 활성산소종 생성이 감소되어 세포 보호활성이 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 엉겅퀴의 우수한 산화방지 활성 및 신경세포 보호효과가 검증되었다. 따라서 엉겅퀴는 안전한 식품 재료로서 꾸준히 섭취하였을 때 천연 산화방지제로 작용하여 신경퇴행을 예방함으로써 알츠하이머병, 파킨슨병 및 헌팅턴병 등의 질병 위험을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2005

Objectives : This study investigated effect of Evodiae fructus water extract (EVOR) on apoptotic cell death induced by NaCN in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell lines. NaCN stimulates glutamate release which can activate glutamate receptors to initiate excitotoxic processes. This study examines the role of EVOR in mediating NaCN-induced cytotoxicity. Methods & Results : Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture media. NaCN(0.1mM) produced cytotoxicity following 12hrs of incubation. NaCN-induced cytotoxicity was partially blocked by EVOR. The treatment of EVOR in simultaneous exposure of cultures to NaCN provided complete protection against cytotoxicity. NaCN-induced cytotoxicity was found to inhibit DNA fragmentation, repaired by cell cycle and simultaneous exposure to NaCN, regenerated with neurite outgrowh by EVOR. These results indicate thaf damage by NaCN in neumnal cell cultures was repaired by EVOR, whereas NaCN-induced cytotoxicity is blocked Primarily by activation of anti-apoptosis. Conclusions : These results suggest that EVOR may be beneficial for the treatment of dementia and other degenerative problems of the central nervous system.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.756-764
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• 2009

Scutellariae baicalensis GEORGt Acorus gramineus SOLAND and Gastrodia elata BLUME are traditional medicines used in the treatment of incipient stoke. In this study we investigated their effects on various aspects of neuronal differentiation in single or composite forms. Water-extracts of these medicines showed neuroprotective effects on cultured rat cortical neurons in normoxia and hypoxia. To understand the mechanism for neuroprotection we carried out various cell biological assays. They stimulated initial differentiation of neuronal development (transition from stage 1 to 2), and increased the number of spines and the length and number of dendritic processes. These effects were best manifested in the experimental group, which were given a mixture of the three kinds of extracts (p<0.01). To assess improvement of brain functions we carried out Morris water-maze tests for the mice that were fed on these extracts instead of water for 4 weeks. The experimental groups, especially those which were given the mixture of the three kinds of extract, showed significant (p<0.01) enhancement in memory as early as one day after the learning trial. These results indicate that these three kinds of extracts have synergistic effects on neuronal protection and improvement of brain functions.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

Caulis Bambusae in Taenia is widely used in Korea and China due to its various pharmacological activity. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the methanol extract of Caulis Bambusae in Taenia (CB) from Phyllostachys nigra Munro var. henonis Stapf (Gramineae) on amyloid ${\beta}$ protein (25-35) $(A{\beta}\;(25-35))$, a synthetic 25-35 amyloid peptide, -induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cortical neurons. CB, over a concentration range of $10-50{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, inhibited the $A{\beta}\;(25-35)\;(10\;{\mu}M)$-induced neuronal cell death, as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethyIthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the number of apoptotic nuclei, evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining. CB $(50\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l)$ inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by $10\;{\mu}M\;A{\beta}$, (25-35) which was measured by HPLC. Pretreatment of CB $(50\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l)$ inhibited $10{\mu}M\;A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_c)$, which was measured by a fluorescent dye, fluo-4 AM, and generation of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that CB prevents $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neuronal ell damage in vitro.