• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2011

일상 생활에서 섭취하는 가열한 생선, 육류 등의 고단백질 식품에서는 돌연변이원, 발암가능성 물질인 heterocyclic amine류가 생성된다. 안전성 측면을 고려하고자 백련 잎을 이용한 마리네이드 소스를 첨가하여 쇠고기의 HCAs의 형성억제효과와 돌연변이원성 억제효과를 알아보았다. Ames assay 결과 백련 잎 butanol fraction을 2.0 g 첨가하여 가열한 쇠고기 스테이크에서 61.5%로 높은 돌연변이원성 억제효과를 나타내었지만 용매 별 fraction 첨가군 사이에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 가열 전 쇠고기 마리네이드 소스에 식용이 가능한 백련잎 water fraction(2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g)을 첨가한 후 $190^{\circ}C$에서 가열한 결과 MeIQx(2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxalin)는 30.9-63.5%, PhIP(2-amino-1-methyl-6-pheny-limidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine)는 31.6-60.7% 억제되었다. $225^{\circ}C$에서의 가열된 쇠고기에서는 MeIQx가 38.1-65.3%, DiMeIQx (2-amino-3,4,8 trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline)는 36.8-73.9%, PhIP는 33.9- 67.6%의 억제효과를 보였다. 따라서 백련 잎 추출물은 heterocyclic amine류 형성과 돌연변이 원성을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나 고단백질 식품 섭취시 안전성 측면에서 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2019

연은 아시아 국가에서 음식과 약재로 널리 사용되는 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 연의 잎(leaf, NL), 자육(seed, NS), 자방(seedpod, NSP)으로부터 에탄올 추출물을 제조하고 이들의 항염증 활성과 작용기전을 규명하였다. 이들의 항염증 활성을 연구하기 위하여 LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 nitric oxide (NO) 생산을 측정하였다. NL, NS, NSP는 세포 생존율에 영향을 주지 않으면서, 농도의존적으로 NO의 생산을 현저하게 저해하였으며, iNOS 및 COX-2와 같은 pro-inflammatory 중재자들의 단백질 발현을 감소시켰다. 또한, NL, NS, NSP는 MAPKs 단백질의 인신화를 감소시키고 $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65의 핵으로의 이동을 저해함으로써, 세 추출물에 의한 항염증 활성은 MAPKs 경로와 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 경로를 조절함으로써 이루어짐을 제시한다. 게다가, ROS의 생성이 세 추출물에 의해서 모두 저해되었으며, HO-1의 발현과 HO-1의 전사조절인자인 Nrf2의 핵으로의 이동이 증가되었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구 결과는 연의 다양한 부위의 추출물인 NL, NS 그리고 NSP는 항염증 활성을 가지고 있으며, MAPKs, $NF-{\kappa}B$, Nrf2/HO-1 등 다양한 신호경로를 통해 조절할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.769-776
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• 2022

As an aquatic plant, the lotus leaf Nelumbo nucifera is rich in polyphenols, carotenoids, and flavonoids. We analyzed the chemical (pH, acidity, sugar, alcohol), microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, yeast), and antioxidant activity of Makgeolli supplemented with 5% and 10% lotus leaf (ll) during fermentation for 7 days. The pH of the non-additive group (control) was 3.10-6.03, that of the 5% added group was 3.17-5.77, and that of the 10% added group was 3.27-5.70, which decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the fermentation time elapsed. The acidity and sugar content were 1.89-2.12% and 9.10-12.90 Brix, respectively, which were significantly higher (P<0.05) as the amount of added ll increased. The alcohol content was 5.90-7.20% and was the highest on the seventh day of fermentation. The lactic acid bacteria was 6.07-7.17 log CFU/mL, which was higher in ll Makgeolli. Yeast increased until day 3 and then decreased to 3.27-5.86 log CFU/mL. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhdrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activities were higher in ll Makgeolli (DPPH 68.72-81.48%, ABTS 90.71-91.67%). In this study, the commercialization potential of ll Makgeolli was expanded by enhancing the quality and antioxidant function of Makgeolli added with ll.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Anti oralmicrobial effects of Nulembo nucifera were determined against S.mutans, S.sobrinus S.sobrinus, F.nucleatum, and A.actinomycetemcomitans using paper disc method, minimum inhibitory concentrate (MICs). Extracts of lotus leaf showed the highest yield. MeOH extract is 21%, Chloroform fraction is 4.2%, ethylacetate fraction is 8.2%, water fraction is 19%. Different parts such as flower, leaf, seed and pod showed antimicrobial effects against S.mutans, with flower and seed extracts showing strong antimicrobial effect aganinst S.sobrinus KCCM11897. Leaf extract(1000pm concentration) showed over 50% inhibitory effect against S.mutans and S.sobrinus KCCM11897. Flower extract showed over 40% inhibitory effect against F.nucleatum and A.actinomycetemcomitans. MICs of flower extract against S.sobrinus KCCM11897,11898 and leaf extract against S.mutans, S.sobrinus KCCM11897 were $625\;{\mu}g/ml$, indicating Nulembo nucifera extract can exert antimicrobial activity even at low concentration. All extractes with heat at $120^{\circ}C$ had antimicrobial activity, which means that is a very stable substances. F.nucleatum and A.actinomycetemcomitans was stable against acid it had a trend that the more akali side was the lower acitivity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.182-186
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 연잎 추출분획물의 항산화 활성을 비교, 검토하고자 하였다. $70\%$ ethanol로 추출한 추출수율은 $8.16\%$였으며 이를 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, water로 순차 분획한 수율은 butanol층이 $36.12\%$로 가장 높은 수율을 보였으나 대체적으로 극성이 높을수록 높은 분획수율을 나타내었다. 분회물간 총 페놀함량 측정결과 ethyl acetate 분획물의 총 페놀함량이 가장 높게 나왔으며 전자공여능 측정결과 또한 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 전자공여능은 BHA, BHT와 비교한 결과 BHA와 유사한 결과를 나타내었으며 BHT보다 우수한 값을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성이 높게 나타난 ethyl acetate 분획물을 취하여 TBA가에 의한 지질과산화를 측정한 결과 BHA가 가장 우수한 활성을 보여 주었으며 ethyl acetate 분획물은 BHT보다도 활성이 떨어졌으나 이는 ethyl acetate 분획물이 단일물질로 분리정제가 이루어지지 않은 것으로 malonaldehyde 이외 다른 성분이 BHA와 반응하여 발색한 것으로 추측되어 졌다. AV와 POV 측정 결과 BHA가 가장 우수한 활성을 보여주었으나 ethyl acetate 분획물과 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 BHT에 비해서는 우수한 활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) is known to be a useful medicinal plant and leaf extract contains several flavonoids and alkaloids. To analyze the effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract (NNL) on the HBsAg production, we treated NNL on HepG2.2.15 cells which contain the hepatitis B viral genome and secrete surface antigen into media. NNL suppressed the production of hepatitis B surface antigen as a dose-dependent manner. To analyze the effect of NNL on HBV DNA replication, PCR analysis was performed. NNL was not affected the HBV DNA replication and HBsAg mRNA expression. To understand the effect of NNL on the production of HBsAg, we carried out the analysis of lipid-metabolizing gene expression using one-step RT-PCR. NNL reduced the gene expression of FASN and SREBP2 and increased the expression of LDLR. Triglyceride content of HepG2.2.15 cells was not decreased by treatment of NNL. This result suggests a possibility that NNL may have an effect for the inhibition of hepatitis B surface antigen by modulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권3호통권142호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner leaf (NNL) has been known that is effective to lowering blood pressure and hyperlipidemic levels. But, its pharmacological actions have not been demonstrated. Therefore, the present research was performed to find the effect of NNL on hyperlipidemic actions in Bio F1B hamster as a model for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The hyperlipidemic hamster were induced by basal diet containing 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol with high fat atherogenic diet(HFAD). A control group and treated groups NNL100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day were fed a HFAD, but a normal group was fed a basal diet only. In conclusion, the serum total cholesterol levels were significantly declined on day 40 in F1B hamster given the NNL extracts (200, 400 mh/kg/day) with p<0.05, when compared with a control value of HFAD fed hamsters. The hepatic TC level was significantly lower in NNL 200 and 400 mg/kg/day group than of control hamster on day 40. But, the HDL levels were not changed between control and treated NNL groups. The TG levels of NNL treated groups showed a decrease tendency compare to the control value. In addition, accumulation of fatty level showed a slight decline to NNL treated groups in aortic arch.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the content attributes and sensory characteristics of ice cream flavored with lotus leaf and seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). Analysis of freeze dried lotus leaf powder produced the following technical results: Freeze dried lotus leaf powder contained moisture 12.2, crude protein 5.9, crude fat 1.2, crude ash 7.0, crude fiber 13.4g/100mg; raw lotus seed powder contained moisture 65.0, crude protein 8.2, crude fat 0.3, crude ash 1.0, crude fiber 10.8g/100mg; freeze dried lotus seed powder contained moisture 14.0, crude protein 17.1, crude fat 1.9, crude ash 4.0, crude fiber 2.8g/100mg. Lotus seed was processed by 4 methods: freeze dried, roasted, freeze dried peeled inner layer, cooked cut peeled inner layer. Analysis of the color value produced the following technical results: freeze dried lotus leaf powder were L(lightness) 14.5, a(redness) 4.4, b(yellowness) 24.0; freeze dried lotus seed powder L 57.3, a 14.4, b 12.0; roasted lotus seed powder L 52.7, a 22.5, b 11.9; freeze dried lotus seed peeled inner layer L 60.0, a 1.4, b 12.3. Proportional lotus ingredients used for ice cream were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% for lotus leaves and 1%, 3%, 5% for lotus seeds. The maximum over run ratio for lotus leaf ice cream was 45.3~56.9% at 20~25 minutes operating time. Over run was significantly decreased by increasing the contents of lotus leaf powder. A maximum over run ratio for lotus seed ice cream was 46.1~54.3% at 20~25 operating time. Over run was not significantly different based on content of lotus leaf versus lotus seed. Sensory evaluation of lotus leaf ice cream produced the following results: the highest score was for color of 4.42 and the lowest score was for sweetness of 3.30. The total mean score significantly decreased by increasing the content of lotus leaf powder. Sensory evaluation of lotus seed ice cream produced the following results: the highest score was for cooked cut peeled inner layer type and the lowest was for freeze dried type 3.86. The sensory scores were not significantly different based on the content of lotus seed. Texture was evaluated highest with a rating of 4.21 and the taste was evaluated lowest with a rating of 3.68 For whole evaluation. This study concluded that lotus leaf ice cream demonstrates relative strength in terms of color and taste, and a relative weakness in terms of over run and sweetness. Suitable content of lotus leaf ranged from 1~5%. The lotus seed processed by the cooked cut peeled inner layer method received a higher rating than dried powder for lotus seed ice cream.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 연잎 추출분획물의 항균 활성을 benzoic acid와 비교, 검토하고자 하였다. $70\%$ ethanol 추출물을 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, water로 순차 분획하여 총 페놀함량을 비교한 결과 ethyl acetate분획물이 가장 높은 함량을 보여주었다. 항균활성 또한 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 가장 우수한 활성을 보여주었으며 benzoic acid 보다 높은 활성을 나타냈다. Gram 양성균과 음성균간 항균력의 차이는 보이지 않았다. Liquid culture에서 생육저해 효과를 측정한 결과 추출물의 농도가 800 ppm이상일 경우 생장이 완전히 억제되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.172-172
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• 2021