• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.72.2-72.2
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• 2007

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• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.692-699
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• 2023

The lack of molecular targets hampers the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity of domperidone, a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) antagonist in human TNBC BT-549 and CAL-51 cells. Domperidone inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The annexin V/propidium iodide staining showed that domperidone induced apoptosis. The domperidone-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the generation of mitochondrial superoxide and the down-regulation of cyclins and CDKs. The apoptotic effect of domperidone on TNBC cells was prevented by pre-treatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. The prevention of apoptosis with Mito-TEMPO even at concentrations as low as 100 nM, implies that the generation of mitochondrial ROS mediated the domperidone-induced apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis showed that domperidone-induced apoptosis occurred through the down-regulation of the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Moreover, domperidone downregulated the levels of D2-like dopamine receptors including DRD2, regardless of their mRNA levels. Our results support further development of DRD2 antagonists as potential therapeutic strategy treating TNBC.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

This study tested the relationship between mothers' beliefs about their children's emotions and the children's emotional regulation, using the mothers' positive and negative emotional expressiveness as mediators. The participants comprised 511 mothers with children whose ages ranged from 3 to 5 years, from 11 early childhood educational institutions located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The survey data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0, AMOS 21.0 and Mplus 6.12 programs. The main results were as follows. First, there were significant correlations among the three variables (i.e., mothers' beliefs about their children's emotions, the children's emotional regulation, and the mothers' emotional expressiveness). Second, both the mothers' beliefs about their children's emotions and the mothers' emotional expressiveness predicted in a significant manner the children's degree of emotional regulation. Third, the mediating effects of the mothers' emotional expressiveness were found to be significant. This indicated that the mothers' emotional expressiveness can be one means by which their children's emotional regulation can be increased, and this needs to be taken into account when designing educational and counseling programs.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.441-451
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine the multiple mediated effects of self-regulation and hopelessness between self efficacy and internet game addiction in middle school students. Methods: The participants were 458 middle school students in G City, South Korea. Multiple mediation was analyzed using Indirect SPSS macro and the bootstrapping method. Results: Significant negative correlations were observed for internet game addiction, self-efficacy, and self-regulation. Self-efficacy and self-regulation were positively correlated. Self-efficacy showed a direct effect on Internet game addiction. The results of the indirect effects of all mediators showed the mediated effect of self-regulation (estimated effect=-.11, 95% CI[-.20, -.03]) and hopelessness(estimated effect=-.06, 95% CI[-.12, -.01]). Conclusion: Based on these study results, we suggest that self-efficacy should be examined to prevent development of Internet game addiction in middle school students. It is necessary to provide Internet game addiction preventive programs focusing on changing the self-regulation and relieving the feelings of hopelessness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

Although artificial intelligence(AI) is a key technology in the digital transformation among the emerging technologies, there are concerns about the use of AI, so many countries have been trying to set up a proper regulation system. This study analyzes the cases of the regulation policies on AI in USA, EU and Korea with the aim to set up and improve proper AI policies and strategies in Korea. In USA, the establishment of the code of ethics for the use of AI is led by private sector. On the other side, Europe is strengthening competitiveness in the AI industry by consolidating regulations that are dispersed by EU members. Korea has also prepared and promoted policies for AI ethics, copyright and privacy protection at the national level and trying to change to a negative regulation system and improve regulations to close the gap between the leading countries and Korea in AI. Moreover, this study analyzed the course of policy changes of AI regulation policy centered on ACF(Advocacy Coalition Framework) model of Sabatier. Through this study, it proposes hyper-scale AI regulation policy recommendations for improving competitiveness and commercialization in Korea. This study is significant in that it can contribute to increasing the predictability of policy makers who have difficulties due to uncertainty and ambiguity in establishing regulatory policies caused by the emergence of hyper-scale artificial intelligence.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2020

Under New Climate Regime, countries are trying to enhance environmental regulations to meet international standards. This study is designed to examine the relationship between the relative level of environmental regulation of the importing countries and the export performance at the industrial level. Panel data from 2009 to 2018 was established for 12 top export industries and empirical analysis was conducted. For the analysis method, panel OLS, Hausman-Taylor, and panel GLS were used based on the results of the Hausman verification. The dependent variable is the export performance of each industry. As the independent variables, the relative level of environmental regulation, GDP per capita of the importing country, exchange rate, FTA agreement, and physical distance from the importing country were used. Results show that the relative level of environmental regulation has a negative effect on export performance of semiconductors, displays, special machines, general machines, electric appliances, and home appliances. On the other hand, there are no relationship between the relative level of environmental regulation of the importing country and export performance of automobile, petroleum refining, petrochemical, shipbuilding, and communication equipment industries.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-63
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences among mother's feeling expression, children's self-regulation, and children's peer competency by socio-demographic background and provide a basic material to develop the parents' education for mother's promosing emotional environment to help development of children by understanding the correlation among mother's feeling expression children's self-regulation, and children's peer competency. The research objects were 361 of 4 to 6-year-old children and their mothers. The tool adapted by Woo Sookyong(2002) was used for Mother's emotional expressivity, and the tool of Lee Jeongran(2003) for the of self regulation and the tool of park Joohee and Lee Eunhae for the children's peer competency. Data analysis was performed with population, percentage, t-test, Cronbach $\alpha$, F-test, and co-relation of LSD posteriori test. The summary of this study are as follows; First, the more negative expressivity was shown as mother's academic career was higher and the more positive one was appeared as family income was greater according to the background of socio-demography. Female children showed the higher self-regulation, and the self-decision and action control were greater as their age was higher. Children's peer competency was higher as they were social and friendly personality. Second, there was the strong relationship among the mother's feeling expressivity, children's self-regulation and peer competency one. Mother's positive expressivity had the relationship with children's self-regulation and peer competency one while weak expressivity had it with self-decision, regulation and children's peer competency. But the strong negative heartstrings' expressivity was an improper co-relation with action control and no relation with similar age competent ability. A definitive relation existed between all low level area except the emotion of self-regulation and children's peer competency. Form the above study, it was Known that there was the relationship among the mother's feeling expressivity, children's self-regulation and peer competency. In particular, there was strong relationship between positive and weak positive expressivity, and children's self-regulation and peer competency. These results could be reflected to parents' heartstrings education by knowing the impact of a positive emotional expressivity and weak-negative one.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.645-650
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• 2019

Brown adipocytes have an important role in the regulation of energy balance through uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1)-mediated nonshivering thermogenesis. Although brown adipocytes have been highlighted as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type II diabetes in adult humans, the molecular mechanism underlying brown adipogenesis is not fully understood. We recently found that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type B (PTPRB) expression dramatically decreased during brown adipogenic differentiation. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of PTPRB and its regulatory mechanism during brown adipocyte differentiation. Ectopic expression of PTPRB led to a reduced brown adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR2, whereas a catalytic inactive PTPRB mutant showed no effects on differentiation and phosphorylation. Consistently, the expression of brown adipocyte-related genes, such as UCP-1, $PGC-1{\alpha}$, PRDM16, $PPAR-{\gamma}$, and CIDEA, were significantly inhibited by PTPRB overexpression. Overall, these results suggest that PTPRB functions as a negative regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation through its phosphatase activity-dependent mechanism and may be used as a target protein for the regulation of obesity and type II diabetes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.507-514
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• 2021

Mindfulness is being used as one of the techniques for emotional regulation. In emotional regulation, mindfulness is considered as an uncontrolled way in that it observes the present experience as it is, rather than attempting to reduce or eliminate negative affective experiences. However, in this study, the purpose of this study is to confirm that mindfulness can affect emotional regulation through perceived control. To confirm this, I verified whether perceived control had a mediating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and difficulty in emotional regulation. For this 366 university students (179 males, 187 females) were surveyed using the scales of mindfulness, perceived control, and difficulty in emotional regulation, and mediation was analysed using Hayes' PROCESS macro. As a result of the analysis, it was found that perceived control had a fully mediating effect in the relationship between mindfulness and emotional regulation difficulties. These results suggest that mindfulness affect emotional regulation through perceived control.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.433-441
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• 1995

Mammary tissue-specificity of the caprine $\beta$-lactoglobulin promoter appears to be secured by repression in non-expressing cells. In order to identify the mechanism of the negative regulation, the upstream promoter sequence of the caprine $\beta$-lactoglobulin gene was analyzed in detail. The repression was mediated by the upstream flanking sequence from -47O to -205. The sequence could repress the promoter activity of $\beta$-lactoglobulin in either orientation. The effect of the putative negative regulation element of caprine $\beta$-lactoglobulin on heterlogous promoters, however, varied: the promoter activity of herpes simplex virus thimidine kinase was either repressed or activated by the sequence depending on its orientation, while the SV4O early promoter was activated rather than repressed. The regulatory sequence involving the putative negative regulatory element was strongly shifted with the nuclear extract from non-mammary HeLa and CV-1 cells, while only weak shift was observed with that of mammary HC11 cells. Such correlation between repression and factor binding suggests that the protected regions in foot-printing assay may be the negative regulatory elements of $\beta$-lactoalobulin that serve tissue-specific repression.