• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.167-182
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the art nouveau fashion represented in the end of the twentieth century. The characteristics of art nouveau are naturalism, medievalism , exoticism, and decadentism. The influences of art nouveau were seen in the fashion of the late nineteenth century : S-curve silhouette and organic curve motives printed on hems. Art nouveau has reappeared in modern fashion trends such as romanticism , decadence, ecology, ethno, and fusion. To sum up, art nouveau fashion at the end of the twentieth century is classified into four shapes. First, art nouveau appears in naturalism. Influenced by the arts and crafts movements and naturalistic trend, it has reappeared at the end of the twentieth century in themes like 'art & craft'. This expression technique is to objectively nature and to represented art nouveau textiles. Second, S-curve silhouette appeared at the end of nineteenth century's fashion with the art nouveau influenced rejection of the bustle style. At the end of the twentieth century, the design , emphasizing the hip, is represented in fashion collections as a phenomenon of romanticism . Especially the art nouveau silhouette of the end of the twentieth century does not represent S-curve silhouette. But , it emphasizes the hip only. Third, Art nouveau exoticism by symbolism is influenced by Chinese and Celtic art, the Middle Ages, and the exoticism that appeared in fashion at the end of the nineteenth century : harem style, kimono style, and turbans. Exoticism at the end of the twentieth century is expressed by optical flower prints and successive floral print arrangements as seen in the themes of ethno and fusion. Fourth, one of the characteristics of art nouveau, decadence is influenced by the pre-raphaelite brotherhood. This is expressed in the images of vampires, and symbolism expressing grotesque insect motives and decadent successive curves. At the end of the twentieth century decadence is represented in fashion ; grotesque insect motives, tatto looks of organic curve motives celtic hair style, see-through fashion, grotesque make-up . Besides hair style techniques, decadent expressions applying art nouveau paintings also appeared. Finally , art nouveau fashion represented as a fashion trend at the turning point to the new millennium is one of great significance as an organic, an environment-intimate and continuance-possible design in a future.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.571-580
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• 2018

In this study, hybrid adsorbents (SS) were prepared by mixing spent coffee grounds (SCG) and sericite, a kind of clay minerals, to adsorb Pb(II) from an aqueous solution. In FT-IR analyses, the main functional groups of SS adsorbents were O-H, C=O and C-N groups. The specific surface area, cation exchange capacity and the pore diameter of SS were larger than those of using SCG and sericite. Formation conditions of the SS adsorbent were the optimum pyrolysis temperature of $300^{\circ}C$, SCG : sericite ratio of 8 : 2, and particle size of 0.3 mm. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was more suitable than Freundlich one, and the maximum adsorption capacity was reached 44.42 mg/g. As a result of the adsorption thermodynamic analysis, the adsorption of Pb(II) onto SS was the physical adsorption and exothermic process in nature. The regeneration of SS adsorbent using distilled water showed 88~92% recovery and the active site of SS adsorbent decreased with increasing the reuse cycle time. As a result, SS adsorbent showed that it can be used to remove Pb(II) easily, inexpensively and efficiently without any pre-treatment from aqueous solutions.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

Cyanotoxins in aquatic ecosystems have been investigated by many researchers worldwide. Cyanotoxins can be classified according to toxicity as neurotoxins (anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s), saxitoxins) or hepatotoxins (microcystins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin). Microcystins are generally present within cyanobacterial cells and are released by damage to the cell membrane. Cyanotoxins have been reported to cause adverse effects and to accumulate in aquatic organisms in lakes, rivers and oceans. Possible pathways of microcystins in Lake Suwa, Japan, have been investigated from five perspectives: production, adsorption, physiochemical decomposition, bioaccumulation and biodegradation. In this study, temporal variability in microcystins in Lake Suwa were investigated over 25 years (1991~2015). In nature, microcystins are removed by biodegradation of microorganisms and/or feeding of predators. However, during water treatment, the use of copper sulfate to remove algal cells causes extraction of a mess of microcystins. Cyanotoxins are removed by physical, chemical and biological methods, and the reduction of nutrients inflow is a basic method to prevent cyanobacterial bloom formation. However, this method is not effective for eutrophic lakes because nutrients are already present. The presence of a cyanotoxins can be a potential threat and therefore must be considered during water treatment. A complete understanding of the mechanism of cyanotoxins degradation in the ecosystem requires more intensive study, including a quantitative enumeration of cyanotoxin degrading microbes. This should be done in conjunction with an investigation of the microbial ecological mechanism of cyanobacteria degradation.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2007

The fluctuations of biochemical and molecular activities III the harmful dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, depending on water temperatures, were studied. In genomic DNA concentration, a similar value of 0.6 was shown at $12^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$, but significantly increasing DNA from $18^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05), with a maximum of 1.8 at $24^{\circ}C$. After$24^{\circ}C$, the DNA significantly decreased to 0.6. Likely, the concentrations of RNA and total protein were at their highest values of 1.7 and 0.07 g $mL^1$ at $24^{\circ}C$, respectively. In contrast to ONA, RNA and total protein began to increase at $15^{\circ}C$. Oxygen availability between lower and higher temperatures was significantly different and increased from $18^{\circ}C$ according to light intensity, regardless of wavelengths (p<0.05). At $24^{\circ}C$, the highest value of the maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax), ranging from 537.9 (Ch 1) to 602.5 mol electrons $g^{-1}$ Ch1 a $s^{-1}$ (Ch 4), was also shown. Nitrate reductase (NR) and ATPase activities were at their highest values of 0.11 mol $NO_2^-g^{-1}$ Ch1 a $h^{-1}$ and 0.78 pmol 100 $mg^{-1}$ $at^2$ $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. When the cells cultured at $15^{\circ}C$, NR and ATPase activities significantly increased compared to $12^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). In an analysis of CHN, the concentration of C and N also significantly increased (p<0.05). However, at $27^{\circ}C$, most of the molecular and biochemical movements were much lower, compared to $24^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that C. polykrikoides is very sensitive biochemical and molecular activities depending on water temperatures. Possibly, it is desirable to estimate at $18^{\circ}C$ the initiation of the massive blooming development of C. polykrikoides. In nature, it will be very difficult to maintain the massive blooms after $24^{\circ}C$ because of the possibility of significantly decreasing the molecular movement and activity of C. polykrikoides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.401-412
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• 2000

Like other livestock, monogastric animals are essential components of the farming systems in the tropical countries. Pigs, chicken and ducks are by far the most important animals in the culture of the peoples of developing countries in the tropics. Traditionally these animals are raised in small farms and they are also the bulk producers of meat, eggs etc. in the tropics. In many countries the farmers of these small farms are unable to meet the requirement set by financial institution and other loan giving agencies for agricultural loan. Thus, the small farmers can get neither the opportunity to generate sufficient income to support the family nor to extend the livestock activities. The production systems are characterized by small number of animals with no or minimal inputs, low outputs and periodic destruction of animals by disease. Typically the litter size or flocks are small in number with each household containing 5-6 pigs and 7-10 poultry. Animals are owned by individual households and mostly maintained under a scavenging systems with little or no inputs for housing, feeding or health care. Because of the nature of this production system, productivity of these animals is rather low. The low level of inputs is due to a lack of capital and a low risk oriented outlook. The feed resource base for monogastric is scavenging and consists of household waste, roots and tuber, grain by-products and anything edible found in the immediate environment. Usually farmers select breeding gilts from their own female piglets or to a lesser extent, buy them from neighbors for natural mating. As regards poultry attempts have been made to increase egg and meat production by improving local poultry birds by upgrading and crossbreeding with exotic germ plasma in the tropics. Animal disease present a major constraint to animal production in the tropical region and the extent of the losses due to disease is very high.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.117-123
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• 2016

In recent years, Personal Health Record (PHR) has emerged as a patient-centric model of health information exchange. The Personal Health Record (PHR) owners enjoy the full right of accessing their records anywhere and anytime making storage and retrieval more efficient. Due to the sensitivity and confidential nature of the PHR, however, the PHR is maintained in a secure and private environment with the individual determining rights of access. In this paper, we propose a system which enables access to the user's PHR in the event of emergency. In emergency situation where the user is unconscious, the emergency staff can use the PHR information to request a emergency access to the PHR server based on the predefined rights of access for PHR. Under the proposed system, the PHR owner can specify a fine grain access control policy during emergency situations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.357-368
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• 2015

People observe lots of events around the environment and we can easily recognize the nature of an event from the resulting optic flow. The questions are how do people recognize events and what is the information in the optic flow that enables observers to recognize events. Motor theorists claim that human observers exhibit special sensitivity when perceiving events like speech or biological motion, because we both produce and perceive those events. However, direct perception theorists suggested that speech or biological motion is not special from the perception of all other kinds of event. The purpose of this review article is to address this controversy to critique the motor theory and to describe a direct realist approach to event perception. It is important to understand the fundamental information of how human perceive event perception for the convergence on robotics.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.14-25
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the forest experience on elementary students' environmental sensitivity and cognition ability. The forest experience was applied to the experimental group and the control group was taught by the traditional teaching method focused on teachers' lecture for 8 lessons. The pre-test, the 1st, and 2nd post-test for environmental sensitivity were applied to both groups to analyze the effects of the forest experience. After then the results were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. And the narration test for cognition ability on learning a environmental context was applied to only the experimental group and the results were analyzed. As a result, the students' environmental sensitivity was not significantly different(p<.05) between experimental and control groups in terms of the pre-test score. However, the 1st and 2nd post-test scores of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group in term of the level of environmental sensitivity(F=9.28, p<.01, F=10.95, p<.01). The results of the forest experience in the aspect of cognition ability, 'the sound of nature(61%)', 'the smiling forest path which blooming out(57%)', and 'one's own places(52%) were high but 'the kinds and characteristics of the roots(30%)' was low. In conclusion, the forest experience made a positive effect on the students' environmental sensitivity and cognition ability through the direct observation, data collection, and analysis on the nearby natural environment.

• 한국호스피스완화의료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.162-174
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• 2000

The purpose of this hermeneutic study was to investigate the meaning of "good dying" of Chinese terminally ill cancer patients in Taiwan; the factors related to this morning; and the strategies cancer patients used to ensure "good dying". Indepth unstructured interviews, prolonged participant observations, and review of clinical records were selected as the methods for data collection. In the four and one-half month period of data collection, the researcher was in the role of a full time clinical nurse specialist who directly took care of the subject patients in 4 hospitals and in patients' homes. The 20 subject were selected purposively according to selection criteria and various demographic backgrounds. Interview transcripts and field notes comprised the data for analysis. The results were composed by 3 constitutive patterns and 12 themes. Achieving inner peace appeared to herald the good dying state. The "good dying" for Chinese terminally ill cancer patients in Taiwan meant peace of body, peace of mind, and peace of thought. The constitutive pattern of peace of body included 4 themes: (1)minimizing the agony of physical symptoms; (2)short period of dying process without lingering death; (3) cleanliness, neatness, and integrity of the body; and (4) mobility. The constitutive pattern of peace of mind included 5 themes: (1) yielding; (2) non-attachment; (3) not to be lonely; (4) settle down all affairs; and (5) being in a preferred environment and enjoying nature. The third constitutive pattern of peace of thought included 3 themes: (1) getting through day by day without thinking; (2) meaningful life; and (3) expectation that the suffering would be ending. Through understanding of the terminally ill cancer patient' needs in their meanings of "good dying", recommendations can be made for humanistic care. The findings of this study have recommendations for care givers daily contact with dying patients and for medical and nursing education.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

In this energy and environment conscious age, methanol has come to attention increasingly since the well established process is commercially available to produce methanol from abundant low grade carbonaceous resources ; methane, carbon dioxide, coal and biomass etc. Methanol is a Clean energy source which is a readily storable and transportable liquid. It is elaborated to correlate power generation, city gas and chemical feed stocks including transportation fuel, enhancing the national efficiency of resource utilization as well as reducing the environmental problems for the future via C1 technology. It is emphasized that $CO_2$ could be used to produce methanol as a mean of hydrogen storage as in the nature, which will alleviate the environmental problem such as green house effect.