• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the effects of addition of soybean boiling waste liquor (SBWL) and sugar and inoculation of the lactic acid bacteria and yeast starter culture in Korean traditional kanjang mash, three types of kanjang were prepared in a clay pot of 100 l volume and compared the characteristics of lactic acid fermentation. The mashing compositions of the types of kanjang were as follows: (1) control treatment mash was prepared with meju : 20% salt solution (1:4) and SBWL, (2) kanjang mash with 3.5% added sugar to the control type mash and (3) kanjang mash with 3.5% added sugar and inoculation of the lactic acid bacteria and yeast starter culture 35 days after mashing to the control type mash. (1), (2) and (3) of kanjang mash were found to be effective in increasing the lactic acid content and improving the organoleptic characteristics of kanjang. But the effect of yeast starter culture was not clear because osmophilic yeasts were inhibited by metabolite(acetic acid) produced by lactic acid bacteria. The lactic acid content of (1), (2) and (3) kanjang was 2.05, 2.38 and 2.91% respectively in 90 day-matured kanjang.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2012

The fourth leaves (younger leaves) amongst extended 4-upper leaves in 18 squash cultivar were the highest tolerance to the paraquat application, followed by third, the second, and the first leaves (older leaves). The forth leaves in Joongangaehobak showed more than three times higher tolerance to the paraquat application than did the first leaves. When the combining of water extract from the fourth leaves with paraquat were applied to the leaves and stems of maize, the paraquat phytotoxicity in maize was reduced compared to the paraquat application alone. Therefore, this study continued to investigate if the phytotoxicity inhibitor exist in the fourth leaves. The water extract in the fourth leaves were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, TLC, and HPLC, and the substance in the extract was speculated as a malic acid by identifying through NMR. The mixture malic acid and paraquat were applied to the maize to verify the application effect of malic acid on paraquat toxicity. The 100 ${\mu}M$ of paraquat application alone showed 62% of paraquat toxicity to the corn leaves, while the combined application of 100 ${\mu}M$ paraquat with malic acid at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0% did not show the symptom.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2010

Genetic variations of Chajogi (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) germplasms were investigated by using RAPD markers. Twenty-two Perilla frutescens var. crispa lines collected from various locations were subjected to RAPD analysis using 80 primers. Among them, only 22 primers showed polymorphic bands and these 22 primers provided a total of 224 bands consisting of 127 polymorphic and 97 monomorphioc bands. The polymorphic bands were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using the UPGMA method. From UPGMA, similarity co-efficiency of 22 Chajogi lines ranged from 0.72 to 0.94. The dendrogram of 22 lines obtained through the UPGMA method resulted in two groups (one major group and one minor group). Although the two groups were roughly consistent with growth phenotypes (period of flowering, period of maturity, stem length, number of branches, number of nodes, number of flower clusters and number of ovaries) in detail, much inconsistency also was present

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.676-682
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• 2006

To develop high efficiency biofertilizer solubilizing insoluble phosphates, lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene was isolated from Staphylococcus sp. LJ2. Genetic constructions were carried out using the pGEM-T-easy vector and pHSG398. Recombinant DNA plasmids containing the ldh gene were transferred to Klebsiella sp. DA71-1 by electroporation. The selected transformant was named as a DA71-1/pLYJ. The insoluble phosphates solubilization activity of DA71-1/pLYJ was higher than that of DA71-1 at various culture conditions. Glucose was the best carbon source for insoluble phosphates solubilization among the used carbon sources. Maximal insoluble phosphates solubilizing was found in sucrose minimal (SM) medium containing 3% glucose. The solubilizing activity of DA71-1/pLYJ against three types of insoluble phosphates, such as tri-calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, aluminium phosphate, were quantitatively determined. The optimal temperature and initial pH to solubilize insoluble phosphates in the SM medium was $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2005

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.767-775
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• 2023

This study was conducted to lay the foundation for considering the qualitative aspects of environmental resources by calculating the weight of each environmental resource to calculate the total amount of environmental resources in Jeju. By comparing and analyzing the results of the expert survey conducted in 2011 and the results of the expert survey conducted in 2011 and 2022, changes in experts' perceptions and implications over time were derived. In addition, based on the results of the recent survey, the weight according to the relative importance was calculated to lay the foundation for calculating the total amount of environmental resources in Jeju. The results of this study are expected to provide basic data necessary for the successful institutionalization of the total environmental resource system by providing a scientific basis for the calculation of the total environmental resource. As a result of comparing the survey conducted in 2011 to the survey conducted in 2022 to establish a total environmental resource management plan in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, there was a difference in the relative importance of the environmental resource category. Although the ranking between categories did not change, it was confirmed that the relative importance of the natural and local resource environment decreased and the relative importance of the living environment field increased significantly. Over time, the importance of plants and wildlife increased, the importance of landscapes and topographic geology decreased, the importance of wetlands and caves increased, and the importance of Gotjawal, natural monuments, and cultural history decreased. In the living environment category, the importance of water pollution increased significantly, and in the humanities and social environment category, the importance of population increased and the importance of industry decreased. It is judged that most changes in item importance are largely influenced by changes in the background of the times and overall perception. It was confirmed that the importance of plants, wildlife, wetlands, and caves with relatively high awareness and the importance of water pollution, which is emerging as a regional problem, have all increased significantly due to structural problems of population age.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate changes of microbial population, pepsin digestibility of protein and in vitro digestibility of nutrients of food waste mixture pasteurized and cured using a rotary drum system. A pasteurization process (30 min at $80^{\circ}C$) tended to decrease microbial populations and eliminated (P<0.05) molds in food waste mixture. The subsequent curing process increased (P<0.05) lactic acid bacteria counts which were reduced by the heated pasteurization process. The heated pasteurization process decreased (P<0.05) pepsin digestibility of protein in food waste mixture. In vitro digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were high in the order of bakery by-product, wheat bran, food waste (=barley bran). These results indicate that food waste mixture pasteurized and cured using a semi-dehydration rotary drum system may be an effective animal feed resource.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. In previous study, dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out and Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. For further evaluation of its efficacy as a new natural dye resource, effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated for silk fiber. Metasequoia cone colorant showed good affinity toward silk fiber showing YR Munsell color and maximum dye uptake was shown at pH 3.5. Post-mordanting with Cu and Fe improved dye uptake, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabrics with mordanting showed YR Munsell color. Fe mordanted fabrics appeared dark gray~black color. Colorfastness to washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics showed grade 2. It was confirmed that Metasequoia cone colorant can be used as a new dye resource for silk fiber getting brownish yellow to dark gray/black color depending on mordant type. In addition, it showed antimicrobial functionality.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.336-343
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• 2020

Large-scale cultivation of Microcystis aeruginosa in different light conditions was conducted for verifying the cell growth in a greenhouse system. Environmental and chemical parameters of the large-scale culture medium were measured for analyzing the interaction between M. aeruginosa and its symbiotic bacteria. During cultivation, a difference in cell growth pattern was observed between control (natural light) and light-limited groups (reduction of blue, green, and blue/green light, respectively). Comparing the control group, the light reduced groups showed slow and delayed cell growth through the cultivation period. Also, there is differences in the consuming pattern of total nitrogen and total phosphorus which indicated that the possibility of interaction between M. aeruginosa and symbiotic bacteria.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.2 s.30
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• pp.69-80
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• 2006

A 'Resource recycling society' is the common goal to reduce environmental impact from human activities and to conserve natural resources. The Resource-Recycling Waste Management is necessary to explicitly show objectives, and to evaluate the achievement level gained by school administration. In this paper, focusing on resource-recycling school waste management, three indicators are designed to evaluate the present conditions of school waste management, which include evaluation of school policy, waste management and education for waste management by school administration. Each indicator is made up of three or four questions that are supposed to be answered by school managers, teachers and students. Questionnaire surveys, which is based on the resource-recycling school waste management indicators, were carried out in elementary school, middle school and high school in the National Capital region. The resulting of indicators well describe the situation of school waste management among these schools. Influential strategies towards resource-recycling school waste management have been found in analysis.