• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.643-652
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• 2019

Protection of cultural heritage and carrying it to the future are at the top of the significant topics of research and implementation in engineering in the 21st century. There are several historical structures in the district of Ahlat located in the east of Turkey on the Lake Van Basin that has harbored many civilizations. Some of such works are the gravestones that are found in the Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery, which is the oldest and largest cemetery in the district. This study firstly provides information about the Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery and the gravestones found in it. Observation-based structural analyses were carried out on these gravestones that are found in this area that are known to have belonged to different civilizations based on their physical and constructional characteristics. These stones were built out of Ahlat stone as single pieces. Information is provided on the damages that have occurred on the gravestones in time and their causes. In general, losses of mass, abrasions, separations, collapses and calcifications due to natural conditions, as well as vegetative formations, were observed in the gravestones. To provide an example of other gravestones within the context of the study, the gravestone that is known to belong to the person named Nureddin Ebu Hasan was selected. As a result of the modeling that was carried out for this gravestone by using the finite elements method, modal analyses were carried out. With these analyses, for the gravestone, period, effective mass participation rates and stress values were calculated. The stress values that were obtained in this study were compared to the material safety stress values that were obtained in previous studies. Additionally, QR code application was created for the gravestone that was selected as an example in the study, and information on this gravestone was transferred to an electronic environment. The QR code application includes different language options, visuals of the gravestone and information on the gravestone. The QR application was also supported with a video of the cemetery where the gravestone is located. With this application, access to information about gravestones will be possible by using tablets and smartphones. With a QR code to be created for each gravestone, these gravestones will obtain identity cards.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2018

본 연구는 농촌경제연구원에서 실시한 2015년 식품소비행태조사 자료를 이용하여 여성의 결혼여부에 따른 조사대상자의 일반적 사항, 식료품 구입행태, 외식행태, 배달 및 테이크아웃 이용 행태, 그리고 가공식품 및 조리식품 구입행태를 조사하였다. 식료품 구입 빈도에서는 미혼인 경우는 주 1회 (40.5%), 기혼인 경우는 주 2~3회 (43.1%)로 가장 높게 나타났다. 친환경 식품의 구매여부는 결혼여부와 관계없이 구매하지 않는 비율이 60%이상 (미혼 68.2%, 기혼 61.6%)으로 높게 나타났고, 기능성 식품의 복용률은 기혼여성 (54.2%)이 미혼여성 (44.9%)보다 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 결혼여부에 따른 외식행태는 미혼인 경우가 기혼인 여성보다는 외식을 더 많이 하는 것으로 조사되었고, 미혼인 경우는 한식당, 기혼은 고깃집을 외식장소로 주로 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 배달 및 테이크아웃의 소비행태에서는 기혼인 경우가 월 2회 (34.6%), 미혼은 월 1회 (31.2%)가 각각 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 배달 및 테이크아웃의 빈도는 외식횟수와는 달리 기혼인 경우가 더 높은 것으로 조사 되었다. 또한, 결혼여부에 따른 가공식품의 구입행태에서도 미혼여성이 기혼여성에 비교하여 대표적인 가공식품인 빵류, 과자류, 떡류 및 라면, 국수류의 구매 빈도가 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 여성의 결혼 여부에 따른 식품소비 행태인 식품 구매, 외식, 배달/테이크아웃 패턴을 비교 분석하였으며, 이러한 결과는 관련 연구와 산업에 기초자료로 활용되길 기대한다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권50호
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• pp.299-325
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• 2018

인류는 오랜 역사에 걸쳐 타자를 만들어내고 그들을 차별, 배제해왔다. '우리'와 '타자'를 구분하는 현대사회의 대립 구조에 대해 데리다(Jacques Derrida)는 그만의 시적 사유를 통해 동물 타자를 향한 인간 존재의 깊은 성찰을 질문한다. 본 논문은 데리다의 "동물, 그러니까 나인 동물(The Animal That Therefore I Am)"을 중심으로 동물 타자의 확장을 살펴보고자 한다. 연구자는 오늘날 동물을 바라보는 현대인의 시선을 통해 '인간-외-동물'의 지위에 관한 메시지를 던지고자 한다. 이를 위해 연구자의 작품에 등장하는 반려동물 이미지를 분석함으로써 '인간-외-동물'의 지위에 관한 고찰을 통해 앞으로 우리 사회가 추구해 나가야 할 공생, 공진화의 길에 대한 방식을 제안하고자한다. 데리다는 샤워 후 밖으로 나온 고양이의 집요한 응시 앞에 느꼈던 '수치심'이라는 정념을 통해 동물 타자를 우리에게 불러내고 그리하여 타자의 영역에서 배제되어왔던 기존 담론의 관행에 의문을 제기한다. 이 수치심이라는 정념은 인간만이 느낄 수 있는데, 여기서 데리다는 이 수치심을 통해 비로소 '인간'이 되는 경험을 한다고 이야기한다. 이에 연구자는 '인간이 되는 경험'에 초점을 맞추어 문화 속의 인간과 자연 속의 동물의 역설을 '발가벗음'의 양가성으로 살펴본다. 이러한 모색은 '우리' 공동체의 바깥에 있는 자는 고통 받아도 괜찮은 집단으로 여기는 종차별주의(Speciesism)를 비판하며 인간 중심주의에서 벗어나 동물 그 자체로 보려는 시도이다. 오늘날 동물 타자의 위치를 도나 해러웨이(Donna Haraway)의 이론 및 제인구달(Jane Goodall), 수잔 손택(Susan Sontag)의 철학을 통해 바람직한 인간과 동물의 관계, 동물에서 인간으로 인간에서 동물로 향하는 길을 모색하고자 한다. 국내에 잘 알려져 있지 않은 데리다의 동물에 대한 철학적 성찰을 통해 연구자의 작품을 분석함으로써, 본 연구 논문이 새로운 텍스트로 거듭나 인간중심적 사고의 경직을 완화하고 기존의 이분법적 사유를 탈피하여 인간과 동물 사이의 수평적, 횡단적 관계 시도로 확대되기를 기대한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1150-1158
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• 2010

In this study, the Polynomial-based Radial Basis Function Neural Networks is proposed as one of the recognition part of overall face recognition system that consists of two parts such as the preprocessing part and recognition part. The design methodology and procedure of the proposed pRBFNNs are presented to obtain the solution to high-dimensional pattern recognition problem. First, in preprocessing part, we use a CCD camera to obtain a picture frame in real-time. By using histogram equalization method, we can partially enhance the distorted image influenced by natural as well as artificial illumination. We use an AdaBoost algorithm proposed by Viola and Jones, which is exploited for the detection of facial image area between face and non-facial image area. As the feature extraction algorithm, PCA method is used. In this study, the PCA method, which is a feature extraction algorithm, is used to carry out the dimension reduction of facial image area formed by high-dimensional information. Secondly, we use pRBFNNs to identify the ID by recognizing unique pattern of each person. The proposed pRBFNNs architecture consists of three functional modules such as the condition part, the conclusion part, and the inference part as fuzzy rules formed in 'If-then' format. In the condition part of fuzzy rules, input space is partitioned with Fuzzy C-Means clustering. In the conclusion part of rules, the connection weight of pRBFNNs is represented as three kinds of polynomials such as constant, linear, and quadratic. Coefficients of connection weight identified with back-propagation using gradient descent method. The output of pRBFNNs model is obtained by fuzzy inference method in the inference part of fuzzy rules. The essential design parameters (including learning rate, momentum coefficient and fuzzification coefficient) of the networks are optimized by means of the Particle Swarm Optimization. The proposed pRBFNNs are applied to real-time face recognition system and then demonstrated from the viewpoint of output performance and recognition rate.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.21-33
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• 1997

This study reviews the scientific management theories and discusses those theories within the food service industry. By providing the principles and the practical implications of the theories on the food service industry, this study tries to identify their philosophies and usefulness to the industry so that the managers in the industry use them in their dylmanic operations. In the fastly changing modern globalized world, we now face a situation where it's becoming more and more difficult to mange a restaurant business. In order to build a food industry business that can maintain a continuous development in today's business environment, one will have to apply the professional management theory in a cost-reduce strategy. It is more important though to have managers, organization members, in short, any person who can work to be motivated in accomplishing these two major issues-income increase and cost reduction. In this erawhere it's getting so difficult for researches on possible strategies for these business managers to overcome their difficulties. It is for certain that in the upcoming second millenium the travel and tourism industry will be one of the world's biggest industry worldwide. Korea's hotel industry has developed since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and has shown great amount of competition within the same business. Thus managers have become acquainted with the "know-how" strategy and the practical and scientific managemnet theories were introduced. This helped not only to increase income but also to maximize profit. However, rather than concentration on the "Hard-ware" aspect "Soft-ware" related professional management strategies were developed along with professionalism and human service were emphazied. As such, the actual cost of food and beverages are for the hotel industry business managers the biggest shortterm expense item. Due to the natural state of food items, there is a great chance of "Loss" in preservance, and this is the reason it is complicated to effectively maintain food. As a consequence, very often, the failure to managea hotel or restaurant depends on the capability of the food and beverage preservance mangement: on how they are able to manage effectively the original price of food and beverage. Finally, the main problem of the original price management of food and beverage in Korean hotels are: a) No fixation of set price b) The difficulty to calculate the price difference between a set price and an original price. c) Lack of professinalism in managing the food and beverage original price. d) Lack of perception of the highest ranking management personnels. So as to reform these matters it is necessary to : a) Reform on the management accounting system b) Emphasize to the people in charge on the idea of original price management c) Reinforce original price mangement prevention and assurance of indepedent inspection rights d) Reat manpower

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.405-417
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• 2020

확장현실의 대중화로 사람의 동작을 실시간 3D 애니메이션으로 구현하는 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 특히 Microsoft에서 키넥트 카메라를 개발함에 따라 설비의 부담 없이 간단한 조작만으로도 3D 모션 정보 취득이 가능해져 FBX와 같은 3D 형식과 결합하여 실시간 애니메이션 생성이 가능해졌다. 하지만 키넥트는 마커 기반 모션 캡쳐 시스템에 비해 관절 정보의 추정 성능이 뒤떨어져 낮은 정확도를 보인다. 이에 본 논문에서는 키넥트 카메라 기반 FBX 형식의 모션 캡쳐 애니메이션 시스템에서의 자연스러운 인체 움직임을 구현하고자 관절 추정 오류를 보정하는 두 알고리즘을 제안한다. 첫 번째로 키넥트로 사람의 위치 정보를 취득하고 깊이 지도를 생성하여 인체 부위 길이 제약 정보를 이용해 잘못된 관절 위치 값을 보정, 새로운 회전 값을 추정한다. 두 번째로 기존 및 추정된 회전 값들에 미리 설정된 관절 가동 범위 제약을 적용, FBX로 구현해 비정상적인 동작을 제거한다. 실험으로부터 사람의 동작이 개선되는 것을 확인하였고 알고리즘 간 오차를 비교하여 시스템의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-33
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• 2020

본 연구는 자모 단위의 임베딩과 회선 신경망을 활용한 한국어 감성 분석 알고리즘을 제안한다. 감성 분석은 텍스트에서 나타난 사람의 태도, 의견, 성향과 같은 주관적인 데이터 분석을 위한 자연어 처리 기술이다. 최근 한국어 감성 분석을 위한 연구는 꾸준히 증가하고 있지만, 범용 감성 사전을 사용하지 못하고 각 분야에서 자체적인 감성 사전을 구축하여 사용하고 있다. 이와 같은 현상의 문제는 한국어 특성에 맞지 않게 형태소 분석을 수행한다는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 감성 분석 절차 중 형태소 분석을 배제하고 초성, 중성, 종성을 기반으로 음절 벡터를 생성하여 감성 분석을 하는 모델을 개발하였다. 그 결과 단어 학습 문제와 미등록 단어의 문제점을 최소화할 수 있었고 모델의 정확도는 88% 나타내었다. 해당 모델은 입력 데이터의 비 정형성에 대한 영향을 적게 받으며, 텍스트의 맥락에 따른 극성 분류가 가능하게 되었다. 한국어 특성을 고려하여 개발된 본 모델이 한국어 감성 분석을 수행하고자 하는 비전문가에게 보다 쉽게 이용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.205-226
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• 2008

The purpose of the study you have seen is to verify the effectiveness of existing quantitative research and to put the Empathy Training Program to practical use for participating children. From looking into this, the changes in empathic understanding that came to light in relationships between teacher and children and children and children are sure to have that effect. For this work, I established the following subject of inquiry: What kind of changing processes can be seen in the empathic understanding of participating children in the Empathy Training Program? To resolve the above line of inquiry, six female sixth grade elementary school students were chosen and they progressed through twelve sessions of the Empathy Training Program. The children were given a sentence completion exam, recognition work, neat writing exam and a school adaptation exam both before and after participation in the program, making data for analysis. To analyze, first, participants had one or two meetings of forty to fifty minutes each. Progress through the program's curriculum was recorded and through the repeating and copying method, to be sure participating children's empathic understanding was revealed, empathic language and behavior was routinely chosen. Next, according the above criteria I looked into visible changes of the participating children's empathic expressions, classifying and analyzing changes in empathic understanding and six instances of common changes in the emphatic understanding of the participants relationships were analyzed and put together. Next I will summarize the findings we have seen in this research: First, if we look into changes in common empathic understanding from the beginning, using the criteria of empathic language, each individual showed understanding at the beginning and passed and progressed through stages of care, insight and emotional expressions. Second, when we looked at the criteria of empathic behavior from the beginning to the end, one's line of vision and ability to concentrate one's attention was connected. Next, the act of nodding one's head looked like a brief nod at first but at the end, it was not just a simple nod but rather they could feel deep empathy. The condition and substance of the facial expression was seen to match and at the very end the child was expressive and stretched out arms to hold and pat the other person and the act of holding hands could also be seen. Among lots of empathic behavior the final stage was shown by half of the children. Third, from the first stage to the last stage there were many cases revealed. The more the children went the more complete their empathic language became. Their vocabulary increased and became more diverse with empathic actions. Also, when comparing actions and expressions from the beginning with the end, visible expressions became more natural and sincere at the end. The result of the research we have seen is that through receiving experience of empathic understanding, participating children showed a sense of self-confidence and they looked to make peaceful expressions while not being aggressive or defensive about problems. In addition, from understanding empathic expressions, participating children's relationships felt closer. This outcome within this group in this case will be applied and the formation of empathic understanding can be used by the children internally to solve their own problems, acquire close relationships with their teachers and others. It will also contribute to smooth classroom management.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth whitening effect of 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide toothpastes and safety on tooth and gingival tissue. Methods : Toothpastes containing 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide were evaluated. In in-vitro test, some additives (sodium metaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and titanium dioxide) were added to the toothpastes. Hydroxyapatite specimens (HAPs) were made and stained using modified Stookey's methods. HAPs were treated for 1 hour at shaking incubator and brushed for 1,000 times as 250 gF with each diluted toothpaste. Before and after color was measured by colorimeter. Using double blind method, 99 Korean with natural maxillary anterior teeth were selected and the initial brightness (baseline) was measured by SHADEEYE-EX. Based on this measurement they were crossly distributed into control group (0% hydrogen peroxide), test 1 (0.74% hydrogen peroxide) and test 2 (2.80% hydrogen peroxide). After 2 weeks, people of each group were provided toothpaste and told to use 3 times a day right after every meal for 3 minutes. The brightness of teeth was measured 3 times for every one month. Results : ${\Delta}L$ was statistically significant among three groups in shaking test. ${\Delta}L$ of two test groups was statistically significant compared with control group but not between each test group in brushing test. After using toothpaste for 3 months, test 1 group and test 2 group were 15.89% and 31.23% more whitened compared with control group respectively (p<0.05). Rate of more whitened person of each test group was 24.2% and 40.5% more than control group respectively (p<0.05). There was no difference in the hypersensitivity during 3 months using toothpastes and no side effect on teeth or gums. Conclusions : Toothpastes containing 0.74% and 2.80% hydrogen peroxide showed tooth whitening effect and both were safe enough to use for tooth whitening.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권43호
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• pp.77-102
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• 2016

본 연구는 시리즈 애니메이션에 등장하는 캐릭터들의 역할과 추구가치의 변화양상에 대한 것이다. 등장인물의 역할과 행동 분석을 위해 그레마스 행위소모형을 분석도구로 사용하였고, 이를 통해 분석된 등장인물의 역할과 행위가 추구하는 가치가 무엇인 지를 매슬로우의 욕구 5단계 이론을 활용해 분류하였다. 끝으로, 시리즈를 거듭하며 나타난 등장인물들의 역할, 행동, 가치의 변화를 설명하기 위해 1편부터 3편에 이르는 시리즈 전체의 서사구조를 조지프 캠벨의 단일신화론을 활용하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 국내에서 개봉된 장편애니메이션 중 <쿵푸팬더> 시리즈를 사례로 캐릭터들의 역할의 변화와 추구가치의 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과, <풍쿠팬더> 시리즈 애니메이션의 조연급 등장인물들이 추구하는 가치의 변화는 일관성이 없거나 큰 변화가 없었던 반면 주인공의 욕구는 시리즈가 거듭될수록 보다 상위의 가치를 바라는 일관적인 변화양상이 관찰되었다. 이는 연구 대상 애니메이션시리즈가 주인공의 환골탈태, 헤어진 가족과의 재결합이라는 두개의 큰 이야기흐름을 가진 세 편의 에피소드이기 때문이다. 또한, 주인공의 욕구가 에피소드를 겪으면서 점차적으로 상위의 가치를 지향하는 것은 단일신화론의 세 단계에서의 주인공의 기대행동(자각, 성취감, 궁극의 자유)으로 설명이 될 수 있을 것이다. 즉, 주인공은 세 편의 애니메이션 시리즈를 통해 보다 상위의 가치를 지향하게끔 구조지어 졌다고 볼 수 있다.