• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate every step of the cancer screening program. Method: 146 of 233 health centers participated in this study. Data were collected by mailing questionnaires between December 2002 and January 2003. The response rate was 65.5%. Result: The government cancer screening program was directed by a variety of departments of the health centers. 41.1% of persons in charges were nurses. 41.3% of the health centers received a list of the appropriate person from the National Health Insurance Cooperation within one or two months. 26.1% of health centers received ??? after five month from when the program started. All the health centers advertised their services, and most of them used mail and mass media 56.4%, used other institute's materials, and 72.2% of them used the government's materials. 76.7% of the heath centers recommended secondary health screening to the persons who had positive results at the first screening. 71.6% of the health centers ascertained the patients with cancer who were diagnosed at secondary screenings. 67.9% of the health centers had registered home-based cancer patients at the health center. 137 out of 146 health centers had a local institute for cancer screening; an average of 4.9 institutes had cancer screening. 80.1% of the persons in charge of the programs felt they needed this program, but 80.8% of them thought the program should be modified. Conclusion: Organized and standardized programs are needed to promote the efficiency of National Cancer Screening Program.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.336-345
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine job status and job satisfaction among clinical research coordinators. Method: Subjects were 91 clinical research coordinators participating in clinical trials at hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from July to August, 2008 using a structured questionnaire that include informed consent, and question as pertaining to, general characteristics, job related characteristics, and job satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 version. Result: Almost half of the subjects were called as nurse researcher. Major tasks included participant screening (100%), participant scheduling (100%), and obtaining informed consent from participants (98.9%). The most difficult aspect of work was salary (28.6%). The mean score on the job satisfaction was 80.21 (range: 54.00-109.00). Item related to promotion ranked lowest in job satisfaction. There were significant differences in job satisfaction according to the type of hospital (t=-3.640, p<.001), title (t=7.894, p=.001), and route for information of CRC (t=4.970, p=.001). Conclusions: Subjects feel poorly compensated, unrecognized, and perceive a limited career path. These factors are likely to diminish job satisfaction over time. Attention to these aspects through education program and criteria for clinical research coordinators could be helpful.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.183-198
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of clinical nutrition services provided at tertiary hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. In total, 157 questionnaires were distributed to the departments of nutrition at hospitals on September 2013. The results of this study are as follows. The median number of beds was 607 and average length of stay was 8 days. 63.1% of dietitians had over 5 years of career experience. Nutritional screening rate was 97% in tertiary hospitals but only 67.2% in general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of equipment with computerized nutritional screening system was 100% in tertiary hospitals but 71.9% in general hospitals (P<0.001). Hospitals with the best regarding nutritional care were hospitals accredited by JCI (Joint Commission International). On the other hand, hospitals not accredited by the JCI but KOIHA (Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation) showed the lowest performance rate of nutritional care. Nutrition support teams (NSTs) were established in all tertiary hospitals but in only 73% of general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of actively operating NSTs was 89% in tertiary hospitals but only 62% in general hospitals (P<0.001). There is a need to provide proper standardized clinical nutrition services as a primary treatment and we observed large variations in the quality of nutritional service between hospitals. Therefore, local solutions are needed to implement nutritional programs and policies for improved service and care.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.196-209
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• 2023

본 연구는 학교 밖 과학교육 활동 중 하나인 과학전람회의 교육수요자로서 교사의 인식과 요구를 파악하기 위하여 전국과학전람회를 지도한 경험이 있는 교사 11명을 대상으로 개방형 질문지를 활용하여 그들의 의견을 심층 조사하였다. 총 7문항에 대해 평균 3,600자 이상을 서면 답변하였으며, 이에 대한 질적 분석을 통해 과학전람회 참여로 인한 학생과 교사의 성장, 대회 참여의 어려운 점, 활성화를 위한 교사의 목소리를 알아볼 수 있었다. 교사들은 과학전람회 참여가 개방형 탐구과정을 경험하고 이로 인해 학생의 과학 관련 지식 및 태도의 향상, 이공계 분야 진로 진학으로의 연계가 활발해진다는 점에서 긍정적인 의견을 제시하였다. 다만 대회 참가 학생들은 학교생활기록부에 탐구내용을 기록할 수 없고, 지도교사들은 참신한 주제 발굴에 대한 강박과 탐구과정 지도에서 오는 부담, 전공지식에 대한 전문성 한계를 지적해 과학전람회 참여에 어려움이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 과학전람회 활성화를 위해서는 지도교사와 학생의 역량 강화를 위한 17개 시·도 교육청 수준의 지원 방안, 국립중앙과학관의 홍보 방법 및 심사 방식 개선, 교육부의 학교생활기록부 기재 요령의 개선을 요구하였고, 이를 통해 학교 현장에서 공감할 수 있는 과학전람회 제도 개선의 필요성을 도출하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.229-250
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 최근 영재 선발을 위해서 도입된 관찰 추천 선발제도에서 교사 관찰 추천서의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 현재 영재 선발전형의 일환으로 제출되는 교사 관찰 추천서를 분석하고 적절한 평가 모형을 개발하여 교사 관찰 추천서의 객관성 확보 방안을 마련하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 2012년 D광역시 소재 D대학부설 영재교육원 선발의 1차 전형에 통과한 초등수학영재 60명에 대한 교사 관찰 추천서이다. 연구 결과 교사 관찰 추천서에 나타난 수학 영재행동특성으로 구체적인 사례보다는 피상적인 진술을 하는 경향이 많았으며, 연구자가 고안한 교사 관찰 추천서의 분석 틀에 따라 빈도분석을 한 결과 특정 문항에 집중되는 경향을 보였다. 이는 관찰하고 서술하기 용이한 부분이 있는 반면 그렇지 못한 부분이 있거나 영재의 특성으로 판단하지 않았다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 관찰 추천을 하기에 앞서 학생의 영재행동특성을 서술할 수 있는 좀 더 세분화된 교사 관찰 추천서 양식의 개발 및 영재의 관찰 추천과 관련된 교사연수가 체계적으로 이루어져야 한다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 교사 관찰 추천서에 나타난 영재행동특성에 대해서 Rubric 모형을 적용하여 점수화한 값을 기반으로 한 채점자간의 신뢰도는 1차 채점 시에는 상관계수가 .641이었고, 채점 과정에 대한 협의를 거친 후 3주 후에 실시한 2차 채점 시에는 .732로 다소 상승하였다. 이는 1차 채점 이후에 협의과정을 거치면서 채점자간의 엄격성을 조정하였으며, 서술형이기에 나타날 수 있는 다양한 상황에서의 세부적인 판단 기준을 세우고, 새롭게 나타난 상황에 대한 점수 부여의 합의점을 찾았기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다. 즉, 초등수학영재 판별을 위해서는 적절한 모형의 개발만큼이나 평가 모형에 대한 채점자들의 엄밀한 이해와 적용이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2017

첫째, 방문응답자은 여자, 40대, 사무직, 기혼, 대졸이 가장 많았다. 둘째, 목가적 초원에 대한 기대는 연령별로 차이가 있었으며, 가축을 방목하는 드넓은 초원이 모든 연령집단에서 가장 많았으나, 평균보다 높은 집단은 30대뿐이었고, 다른 집단은 모두 낮았으며, 가장 낮은 집단은 50대였다. 셋째, 초지의 색깔은 잡초, 야생화가 어우러진 다양한 색과 공원의 잔디밭 같은 녹색이 41%정도로 두 가지 유형이 80%이상의 응답을 차지하고 있었다. 넷째, 선호하는 초지형태는 연령에 따라 차이가 있었는데, 20대미만과 50대는 끝이 보이지 않는 넓은 면적의 초지, 40대와 60대 이상은 산림이 둘러싸여있는 구릉지 초지, 20대는 넓은 면적의 초지와 구릉지 초지가 동일하게 가장 많았으며, 30대는 구릉지초지와 초지사이에 나무가 적당히 섞인 초지가 동일하게 가장 많은 지지를 받았다. 다섯째, 방목형태는 연령별로는 20대, 30대는 양, 젖소, 말의 혼목을 가장 많이 선호하였고, 40대, 50대, 60대 이상은 양, 염소, 유산양 혼목을 원했으며, 20대미만은 양, 염소, 유산양 혼목과 양, 젖소, 말 혼목을 모두 가장 많이 선호하였다. 결혼여부에 따라서는 가장 많이 선호하는 경우는 양, 젖소, 말의 혼목이 모두 높았으나, 결혼경험이 있는 집단은 양만 방목하거나, 양, 염소, 유산양 혼목이 평균치보다 높았으며, 미혼집단은 양, 젖소, 말의 혼목, 양과 토끼 혼목, 기타의 경우가 높았다. 여섯째, 선호하는 목장유형은 성별과 연령별로 5%수준에서 유의차가 있었고, 집단별 선호도에서는 각각 가장 많은 경우가 양떼방목이었으나, 남자보다는 여자가 보다 많았고, 연령별로는 30대, 40대, 50대 연령집단이 평균보다 많았으며, 20대, 20대미만, 60대 이상은 평균보다 낮았다. 일곱째, 목장의 목책은 생나무에 쳐진 둥근 철사목책, 나무에 쳐진 철사목책, 철조망 목책 순이었고 가시 있는 철조망목책, 철사로 된 전기목책, 기타는 5%미만이었다. 목책기둥의 재료와 색은 결혼여부에 따라서 5%수준에서 유의차가 있었다. 가장 선호하는 목책은 모두 나무 목책을 선호하였으나, 미혼자는 검정색 방부처리기둥, 시멘트기둥을 선호하였고, 결혼경험자는 흰색금속재기둥, 흰색목재기둥, 나무목책을 선호하였다. 여덟째, 직업별이나 결혼여부별로는 모두 가장 많이 선호하는 것은 흙길이었다. 평균보다 높은 직업은 사무직과 기타였고, 학생, 기술직, 자영업, 전문직은 낮았으며, 결혼경험자의 흙길의 선호가 보다 높았다. 목장길 옆의 초생의 형태는 긴 목초가 있는 길을 가장 많이 선호하는 경우는 20대미만이고, 그 외집단은 야생화와 목초가 혼재된 길을 선호하였으며, 학생을 제외한 다른 직업들은 야생화와 목초가 혼재된 길을 선호하고 학생은 긴 목초형을 선호하였다. 아홉째, 목장방문자의 만족도는 가장 마음에 들었던 부분은 체험프로그램이나 양과의 접촉보다는 경관요소를 만족했다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-40
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• 1972

Much has teed changed in the field of hospital administration in the It wake of the rapid development of sciences, techniques ana systematic hospital management. However, we still have a long way to go in organization, in the quality of hospital employees and hospital equipment and facilities, and in financial support in order to achieve proper hospital management. The above factors greatly effect the ability of hospitals to fulfill their obligation in patient care and nursing services. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal methods of standardization and quality nursing so as to improve present nursing services through investigations and analyses of various problems concerning nursing administration. This study has been undertaken during the six month period from October 1971 to March 1972. The 41 comprehensive hospitals have been selected iron amongst the 139 in the whole country. These have been categorized according-to the specific purposes of their establishment, such as 7 university hospitals, 18 national or public hospitals, 12 religious hospitals and 4 enterprise ones. The following conclusions have been acquired thus far from information obtained through interviews with nursing directors who are in charge of the nursing administration in each hospital, and further investigations concerning the purposes of establishment, the organization, personnel arrangements, working conditions, practices of service, and budgets of the nursing service department. 1. The nursing administration along with its activities in this country has been uncritical1y adopted from that of the developed countries. It is necessary for us to re-establish a new medical and nursing system which is adequate for our social environments through continuous study and research. 2. The survey shows that the 7 university hospitals were chiefly concerned with education, medical care and research; the 18 national or public hospitals with medical care, public health and charity work; the 2 religious hospitals with medical care, charity and missionary works; and the 4 enterprise hospitals with public health, medical care and charity works. In general, the main purposes of the hospitals were those of charity organizations in the pursuit of medical care, education and public benefits. 3. The survey shows that in general hospital facilities rate 64 per cent and medical care 60 per-cent against a 100 per cent optimum basis in accordance with the medical treatment law and approved criteria for training hospitals. In these respects, university hospitals have achieved the highest standards, followed by religious ones, enterprise ones, and national or public ones in that order. 4. The ages of nursing directors range from 30 to 50. The level of education achieved by most of the directors is that of graduation from a nursing technical high school and a three year nursing junior college; a very few have graduated from college or have taken graduate courses. 5. As for the career tenure of nurses in the hospitals: one-third of the nurses, or 38 per cent, have worked less than one year; those in the category of one year to two represent 24 pet cent. This means that a total of 62 per cent of the career nurses have been practicing their profession for less than two years. Career nurses with over 5 years experience number only 16 per cent: therefore the efficiency of nursing services has been rated very low. 6. As for the standard of education of the nurses: 62 per cent of them have taken a three year course of nursing in junior colleges, and 22 per cent in nursing technical high schools. College graduate nurses come up to only 15 per cent; and those with graduate course only 0.4 per cent. This indicates that most of the nurses are front nursing technical high schools and three year nursing junior colleges. Accordingly, it is advisable that nursing services be divided according to their functions, such as professional, technical nurses and nurse's aides. 7. The survey also shows that the purpose of nursing service administration in the hospitals has been regulated in writing in 74 per cent of the hospitals and not regulated in writing in 26 per cent of the hospitals. The general purposes of nursing are as follows: patient care, assistance in medical care and education. The main purpose of these nursing services is to establish proper operational and personnel management which focus on in-service education. 8. The nursing service departments belong to the medical departments in almost 60 per cent of the hospitals. Even though the nursing service department is formally separated, about 24 per cent of the hospitals regard it as a functional unit in the medical department. Only 5 per cent of the hospitals keep the department as a separate one. To the contrary, approximately 12 per cent of the hospitals have not established a nursing service department at all but surbodinate it to the other department. In this respect, it is required that a new hospital organization be made to acknowledge the independent function of the nursing department. In 76 per cent of the hospitals they have advisory committees under the nursing department, such as a dormitory self·regulating committee, an in-service education committee and a nursing procedure and policy committee. 9. Personnel arrangement and working conditions of nurses 1) The ratio of nurses to patients is as follows: In university hospitals, 1 to 2.9 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 4.0 for out-patients; in religious hospitals, 1 to 2.3 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 5.4 for out-patients. Grouped together this indicates that one nurse covers 2.2 hospitalized patients and 4.3 out-patients on a daily basis. The current medical treatment law stipulates that one nurse should care for 2.5 hospitalized patients or 30.0 out-patients. Therefore the statistics indicate that nursing services are being peformed with an insufficient number of nurses to cover out-patients. The current law concerns the minimum number of nurses and disregards the required number of nurses for operation rooms, recovery rooms, delivery rooms, new-born baby rooms, central supply rooms and emergency rooms. Accordingly, tile medical treatment law has been requested to be amended. 2) The ratio of doctors to nurses: In university hospitals, the ratio is 1 to 1.1; in national of public hospitals, 1 to 0.8; in religious hospitals 1 to 0.5; and in private hospitals 1 to 0.7. The average ratio is 1 to 0.8; generally the ideal ratio is 3 to 1. Since the number of doctors working in hospitals has been recently increasing, the nursing services have consequently teen overloaded, sacrificing the services to the patients. 3) The ratio of nurses to clerical staff is 1 to 0.4. However, the ideal ratio is 5 to 1, that is, 1 to 0.2. This means that clerical personnel far outnumber the nursing staff. 4) The ratio of nurses to nurse's-aides; The average 2.5 to 1 indicates that most of the nursing service are delegated to nurse's-aides owing to the shortage of registered nurses. This is the main cause of the deterioration in the quality of nursing services. It is a real problem in the guest for better nursing services that certain hospitals employ a disproportionate number of nurse's-aides in order to meet financial requirements. 5) As for the working conditions, most of hospitals employ a three-shift day with 8 hours of duty each. However, certain hospitals still use two shifts a day. 6) As for the working environment, most of the hospitals lack welfare and hygienic facilities. 7) The salary basis is the highest in the private university hospitals, with enterprise hospitals next and religious hospitals and national or public ones lowest. 8) Method of employment is made through paper screening, and further that the appointment of nurses is conditional upon the favorable opinion of the nursing directors. 9) The unemployment ratio for one year in 1971 averaged 29 per cent. The reasons for unemployment indicate that the highest is because of marriage up to 40 per cent, and next is because of overseas employment. This high unemployment ratio further causes the deterioration of efficiency in nursing services and supplementary activities. The hospital authorities concerned should take this matter into a jeep consideration in order to reduce unemployment. 10) The importance of in-service education is well recognized and established. 1% has been noted that on the-job nurses. training has been most active, with nursing directors taking charge of the orientation programs of newly employed nurses. However, it is most necessary that a comprehensive study be made of instructors, contents and methods of education with a separate section for in-service education. 10. Nursing services'activities 1) Division of services and job descriptions are urgently required. 81 per rent of the hospitals keep written regulations of services in accordance with nursing service manuals. 19 per cent of the hospitals do not keep written regulations. Most of hospitals delegate to the nursing directors or certain supervisors the power of stipulating service regulations. In 21 per cent of the total hospitals they have policy committees, standardization committees and advisory committees to proceed with the stipulation of regulations. 2) Approximately 81 per cent of the hospitals have service channels in which directors, supervisors, head nurses and staff nurses perform their appropriate services according to the service plans and make up the service reports. In approximately 19 per cent of the hospitals the staff perform their nursing services without utilizing the above channels. 3) In the performance of nursing services, a ward manual is considered the most important one to be utilized in about 32 percent of hospitals. 25 per cent of hospitals indicate they use a kardex; 17 per cent use ward-rounding, and others take advantage of work sheets or coordination with other departments through conferences. 4) In about 78 per cent of hospitals they have records which indicate the status of personnel, and in 22 per cent they have not. 5) It has been advised that morale among nurses may be increased, ensuring more efficient services, by their being able to exchange opinions and views with each other. 6) The satisfactory performance of nursing services rely on the following factors to the degree indicated: approximately 32 per cent to the systematic nursing activities and services; 27 per cent to the head nurses ability for nursing diagnosis; 22 per cent to an effective supervisory system; 16 per cent to the hospital facilities and proper supply, and 3 per cent to effective in·service education. This means that nurses, supervisors, head nurses and directors play the most important roles in the performance of nursing services. 11. About 87 per cent of the hospitals do not have separate budgets for their nursing departments, and only 13 per cent of the hospitals have separate budgets. It is recommended that the planning and execution of the nursing administration be delegated to the pertinent administrators in order to bring about improved proved performances and activities in nursing services.