• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1984

Effects of water soluble carrier on the dissolution characteristics of indomethacin coprecipitates were investigated. Water soluble carriers used were polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrose, mannitol and their mixtures of various ratios. The dissolution rates of indomethacin from coprecipitate with ratios of drug-to-carrier, kinds of carrier and ratios of carriers were as follows: 1. The dissolution rates increased proportionally to the ratios of carrier in the case of both single and combined carrier, and the dissolution rate of coprecipitate with the combined carrier was more rapid than that with single carrier. 2. The combined carrier of PVP-dextrose (1 : 2) in the case of the coprecipitate of drug-to carrier (1 : 1) and PVP-dextrose (4 : 1) in the case of the coprecipitate of drug-to carrier (1 : 3) yield the most rapid dissolution rate. 3. The dissolution rate of indomethacin was the most markedly enhanced in the case of the combined carrier of PVP and dextrose.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제40권
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• pp.97-144
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to review the text of national legislation relating to the carrier's liability in respect of the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo by air in major states such as United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Russia and China, and to compare the air carrier's liability under the national legislations of above states with them under the Warsaw System relating to the international carriage by air. Also this paper reviews the text of the draft legislation relating to the carrier's liability in respect of the carriage by air in Korea. The Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage was adopted in 1929. In 1999, the ICAO adopted the Montreal Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air vastly modernizing the unification of private air law. The Montreal Convention replaced the instruments of the “Warsaw System”, and came into force on 4 November 2003. The Montreal Convention is not only an international convention. It has also exercised a considerable influence on national legislation. A the Convention, or certain of its principles, with the object of regulating their national air transport. The main feature of the liability regime of the air carrier under the Montreal Convention is the two-tier liability system for death or injury of the passenger with strict liability up to 100,000 SDR and presumptive liability with a reversed burden of proof without any limit above that threshold. The principles of the liability of the air carrier under the Montreal Convention have been adopted into national legislations by the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Russia and China. Now the Ministry of Justice of Korea is proceeding to make a new national legislation relating to the liability of the air carrier in respect of the carriage by air. The draft legislation of the Part VI the Carriage by Air of the Commercial Code of Korea has adopted the main principles of the liability of the air carrier under the Montreal Convention. In conclusion, the national legislation relating to the liability of the air carrier in Korea will contribute to settle efficiently the dispute on the carrier's liability in respect of the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo by air.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2019

This paper investigates the performance comparison of a Terahertz (THz) communications for a single-carrier and a multi-carrier single antenna point-to-point communication system. The multi-carrier system and single carrier system consider the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and the minimum mean square error linear equalizer (MMSE-LE), respectively. We compare the frame-error-rate (FER) and throughput performance of both the systems for a THz communication environment with the carrier frequency of 300GHz and the tapped delay line (TDL) channel models described in 3GPP. It is observed from the simulation results that the OFDM systems outperform the MMSE-LE for various configurations.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

ROK Navy intends to secure the Korean-type aircraft carrier in order to effectively prepare for various future security threats. In general, the Korean national competency is considered to be at the level of having an aircraft carrier, but it is unclear what scale aircraft carrier would be appropriate. In this study, the efficiency was evaluated through the relative comparison between national competency(national power, economic power) and the scale of aircraft carriers, and the optimal scale of the Korean-type aircraft carrier that could be acquired was presented. A DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) model was applied to aircraft carriers(19 aircraft carriers in 11 countries) currently in operation and scheduled to be possessed in the world. As input variables, CINC(Composite Index of National Capability) and GDP(Gross Domestic Product), which are the most widely used as indicators of national and economic power, and as output variables, the full-load displacement, length, and width of aircraft carriers were selected. ARIMA(short-term within 5 years) and simple regression(long-term over 5 years) were used to estimate the future national competency of each country at the time of aircraft carriers acquisition. The relative efficiency score of the Korean-type aircraft carrier currently being evaluated is 1.062, and it was evaluated as small-scale aircraft carrier compared to the national competency. Based on Korean national competency, the optimal scale of the Korean-type aircraft carrier calculated by aggregating benchmark groups, is 58,308.1 tons of full-load displacement, 279.4m in length, and 68.3m in width.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1998

The barrier heights and carrier densities of ZnO varistors with various compositions were estimated using C-V, J-V and $\rho$-T relations. The barrier heights obtained from C-V and J-V plots were 0.73~5.98 eV and 0.25~2.70 eV, respectively. The carrier densities estimated from C-V plots were ~$10^{18}cm^{-3}$. Acceptable values of the barrier heights and the carrier densities were obtained from $\rho$-1/T curves and the capacitances at zero bias; 0.6~0.8 eV for the barrier heights and ~$10^{17}cm^{-3}$ for carrier densities. Addition of cobalt increased the barrier height and the carrier density, while chromium slightly lowered both of them.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 각각 다른 캐리어 방향성을 가지는 strained-silicon PMOSFET에서 소자의 디지털 및 아날로그 성능을 비교 평가 하였다. 캐리어 방향이 <100>을 갖는 소자의 경우 이동도 향상에 의해서 <110> 방향의 소자 보다 우수한 드레인 구동 전류 및 출력저항 특성을 보이지만, NBTI 신뢰성과 소자의 matching 특성은 반대로 다소 열화 됨을 확인 하였다. 따라서 나노미터급 CMOSFET에서 캐리어 방향성을 이용한 이동도 향상 기술의 적용을 위해서는 DC 성능을 비롯한 신뢰성 및 아날로그 특성을 모두 고려하는 것이 반드시 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2020

본 연구는 인천국제공항(ICN)-두바이국제공항(DXB)의 정기 노선을 취항하고 있는 대한민국 국적항공사 및 중동 국적항공사를 이용객들을 연구의 대상으로 하였다. 항공시장의 자유화 압박 속에서 국적항공사 대(對) 외국항공사의 시장 경쟁이 가장 치열한 노선들 중 하나이기 때문이다. 실증연구를 통해 국적항공사의 경쟁적 우위는 무엇이고 향후 시장 자유화 확대 기조에서 치열한 경쟁에서 살아남기 위한 지속가능한 전략이 무엇인지 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 인천-두바이 노선에서 국적항공사 이용객들의 우수한 제품 편익에 대한 인식은 가격 프리미엄을 지불하고서라도 재구매 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 판명되었다. 반면 외국항공사 이용객들의 제품 편익은 저렴한 가격과 아무런 상관성이 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 국적 항공사의 제품 편익을 향후 더욱 강화한다면, 동 노선에서 외국 항공사들의 가격 우월성과 경쟁하고 시장에서 경쟁적 우위를 지속적으로 유지할 수 있을 것이다.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2022

The removal efficiencies of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu and Ni) by Rhodobacter blasticus and R. blasticus attached to polysulfone carriers, alginate carriers, PVA carriers, and PVA + zeolite carriers in synthetic wastewater were compared. In the comparison of the nutrient removal efficiency based on varying concentrations (100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/L), R. blasticus + polysulfone carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 98.9~99.84% for N and 96.92~99.21% for P. The R. blasticus + alginate carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 88.04~97.1% for N and 90.33~97.13% for P. The R. blasticus + PVA carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 18.53~44.25% for N and 14.93~43.63% for P. The R. blasticus + PVA + zeolite carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 26.65~64.33% for N and 23.44~64.05% for P. In addition, at the minimum inhibitory concentration of heavy metals, R. blasticus (dead cells) + polysulfone carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 7.77% for Cu and 12.19% for Ni. Rhodobacter blasticus (dead cells) + alginate carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 25.83% for Cu and 31.12% for Ni.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2021

Modernized GNSS signal structures tend to use tiered codes, and all GNSSs use binary codes as secondary codes. However, recently, signals using polyphase codes such as Zadoff-Chu sequence have been proposed, and are expected to be utilized in GNSS. For example, there is Tiered Differential Polyphase Code (TDPC) using polyphase code as secondary code. In TDPC, the phase of secondary code changes every one period of the primary code and a time-variant error is added to the carrier tracking error, so carrier tracking ambiguity exists until the secondary code phase is found. Since the carrier tracking ambiguity cannot be solved using the general GNSS receiver architecture, a new receiver architecture is required. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the carrier tracking ambiguity and its cause in signal tracking, and propose a receiver structure that can solve it. In order to prove the proposed receiver structure, we provide three signal tracking results. The first is the differential decoding result (secondary code sync) using the general GNSS receiver structure and the proposed receiver structure. The second is the IQ diagram before and after multiplying the secondary code demodulation when carrier tracking ambiguity is solved using the proposed receiver structure. The third is the carrier tracking result of the legacy GPS (L1 C/A) signal and the signal using TDPC.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.545-549
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• 2003

Dyeing properties such as migration of disperse dye and color fastness of 4 types of the carrier[Carrier-I(methyl napthalene). Carrier-II(chloro benzene). Carrier-III(aromatic ether) and Carrier-IV(o-phenyl phenol)] were evaluated for the study. For the results, the optimum dyeing time and concentration of the carrier was 30min at $110^{\circ}C$ and 2g/l, respectively. The redyeing ratio of the fabric samples treated with Carrier-II and III was higher than that treated with Carrier-I and IV, thus, if was conclude that the redyeing ratio of the samples treated with Carrier-II and III was excellent. The light fastness of the samples treated with Carrier-III and IV was higher than that of Carrier-I and II in order of 2-4 grades. However, there were little changes in terms of washing and sublimation and rubbing fastness for the samples.