• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2001년도 임시총회 및 추계학술대회연구발표회(한국결정학회)
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• pp.9-9
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• 2001

• Carbon letters
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2012

Nanoporous non-woven carbon fibers for a gas sensor were prepared from a pitch/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) mixed solution through an electrospinning process and their gas-sensing properties were investigated. In order to create nanoscale pores, magnesium oxide (MgO) powders were added as a pore-forming agent during the mixing of these carbon precursors. The prepared nanoporous carbon fibers derived from the MgO pore-forming agent were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), $N_2$-adsorption isotherms, and a gas-sensing analysis. The SEM images showed that the MgO powders affected the viscosity of the pitch/PAN solution, which led to the production of beaded fibers. The specific surface area of carbon fibers increased from 2.0 to $763.2m^2/g$ when using this method. The template method therefore improved the porous structure, which allows for more efficient gas adsorption. The sensing ability and the response time for the NO gas adsorption were improved by the increased surface area and micropore fraction. In conclusion, the carbon fibers with high micropore fractions created through the use of MgO as a pore-forming agent exhibited improved NO gas sensitivity.

• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 추계학술연구발표회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2002

It is generally accepted that ultra low dielectric interlayer dielectric materials (k < 2.2) will be necessary for ULSI advanced microelectronic devices after 2003, according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2000. A continuous reduction of dielectric constant is believed to be possible only by incorporating nanopores filled with air (k = 1.0) into electrically insulating matrices such as poly(methyl silsesquioxane) (PMSSQ). The nanopo.ous low dielectric films should have excellent material properties to survive severe mechanical stress conditions imposed during the advanced semiconductor processes such as chemical mechanical planarization process and multilayer fabrication. When air is incorporated into the films for lowering k, their mechanical strength has inevitably to be sacrificed. To minimize this effect, the nanopores are controlled to exist in the film as closed cells. The micromechanical properties of the nanoporous thin films are considered more seriously than ever, particularly for ultra low dielectric applications. In this study, three approaches were made to design and develop nanoporous low dielectric films with improved micromechanical properties: 1) wall density increase of nanoporous organosilicate film by copolymerization of carbon bridged comonomers; 2) incorporation of sacrificial phases with good miscibility; 3) selective surface modification by plasma treatment. Nanoporous low-k films were prepared with copolymerized PMSSQ and star-shaped sacrificial organic molecules, both of which were synthesized to control molecular weight and functionality. The nanoporous structures of the films were observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy(PALS). Micromechanical characterization was performed using a nanoindentor to measure hardness and modulus of the films.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2023

The design theory for nanoporous filtration membranes needs to be established. The present study shows that the performance and technical advancement of nanoporous filtration membranes are determined by the fundamental parameter I (in the unit Watt^1/2) which is formulated as a function of the shear strength of the liquid-pore wall interface, the radius of the filtration pore, the membrane thickness, and the bulk dynamic viscosity of the flowing liquid. This parameter determines the critical power loss on a single filtration pore for initiating the wall slippage, which is important for the flux of the membrane. It also relates the membrane permeability to the power cost by the filtration pore. It is shown that for biological cellular membranes its values are on the scale 1.0E-8Watt^1/2, for mono-layer graphene membranes its values are on the scale 1.0E-9Watt^1/2, and for nanoporous membranes made of silica, silicon nitride or silicon carbonized its values are on the scale 1.0E-5Watt^1/2. The scale of the value of this parameter directly measures the level of the performance of a nanoporous filtration membrane. The carbon nanotube membrane has the similar performance with biological cellular membranes, as it also has the value of I on the scale 1.0E-8Watt^1/2.

• Carbon letters
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• 제25권
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

Hierarchically porous, chemically activated carbon materials are readily derived from biomass using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and chemical activation processes. In this study, empty fruit bunches (EFB) were chosen as the carbon source due to their sustainability, high lignin-content, abundance, and low cost. The lignin content in the EFB was condensed and carbonized into a bulk non-porous solid via the HTC process, and then transformed into a hierarchical porous structure consisting of macro- and micropores by chemical activation. As confirmed by various characterization results, the optimum activation temperature for supercapacitor applications was determined to be $700^{\circ}C$. The enhanced capacitive performance is attributed to the textural property of the extremely high specific surface area of $2861.4m^2\;g^{-1}$. The prepared material exhibited hierarchical porosity and surface features with oxygen functionalities, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, suitable for pseudocapacitance. Finally, the as-optimized nanoporous carbons exhibited remarkable capacitive performance, with a specific capacitance of $402.3F\;g^{-1}$ at $0.5A\;g^{-1}$, a good rate capability of 79.8% at current densities from $0.5A\;g^{-1}$ to $10A\;g^{-1}$, and excellent life cycle behavior of 10,000 cycles with 96.5% capacitance retention at $20A\;g^{-1}$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1243-1251
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• 2020

Irradiation-induced damage of binderless nanoporous-isotropic graphite (NPIG) prepared by isostatic pressing of mesophase carbon microspheres for molten salt reactor was investigated by 3.0 MeV He⁺ irradiation at room temperature and high temperature of 600 ℃, and IG-110 was used as the comparation. SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum are used to characterize the irradiation effect and the influence of temperature on graphite radiation damage. After irradiation at room temperature, the surface morphology is rougher, the increase of defect clusters makes atom flour bend, the layer spacing increases, and the catalytic graphitization phenomenon of NPIG is observed. However, the density of defects in high temperature environment decreases and other changes are not obvious. Mechanical properties also change due to changes in defects. In addition, SEM and Raman spectra of the cross section show that cracks appear in the depth range of the maximum irradiation dose, and the defect density increases with the increase of irradiation dose.

• Carbon letters
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• 제22권
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• pp.110-114
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• 2017

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2003년도 춘계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.148.2-148
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• 2003

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2003년도 추계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.44.2-44
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 당화 공정 중 축합된 구조로 발생되는 고형 부산물인 황산리그닌(Sulfuric acid lignin; SAL)의 나노 세공 탄소 소재로의 활용 가능성을 살펴보고자 수산화칼륨 촉매를 투입하여 $750^{\circ}C$에서 1 h 동안 고온 촉매 활성화 공정을 진행하였다. 이때 타 바이오매스 시료 유래 활성탄과의 물성 비교를 위해 코코넛셸(CCNS), 소나무(Pinus), Avicel로부터 각각 같은 방법으로 활성탄을 제조하였으며 화학 조성과 결합 구조, 표면 및 기공 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 열중량 분석 결과 최종 온도 $750^{\circ}C$에서 잔존 고형분 함량은 SAL > CCNS > Pinus > Avicel 순서였으며 이 경향은 활성화 공정 후 생성된 활성탄의 수율 순서와 동일하였다. 특히, SAL 유래 활성탄은 탄소 함량이 91.0%, $I_d/I_g$ peak ratio가 4.2로 가장 높게 나타났으며 이는 높은 탄소 고정성과 더불어 비정질의 거대 방향족 구조층이 형성되었음을 의미한다. 또한 제조된 활성탄은 모두 최초 시료의 비표면적($6m^2/g$)과 기공 부피($0.003cm^3/g$)에 비해 촉매 활성화 공정 후 각각 $1065{\sim}2341m^2/g$, $0.412{\sim}1.270cm^3/g$로 크게 증가하였으며 이 중 SAL 유래 활성탄의 표면 변화율이 가장 크게 나타났다. 이후 3종의 유기 오염물질(페놀, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 카보퓨란)에 대한 제거율을 평가해보았을 때 모든 활성탄에서 표준 용액 100 ppm 대비 90 mg/g 이상의 높은 흡착 능력을 보였다. 따라서 축합된 구조인 SAL으로부터 고비표면적의 나노 세공 활성탄 제조가 가능할 뿐만 아니라 추후 유기 오염 물질 제거를 위한 카본 필터의 친환경 흡착 소재로 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.