• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This study aims to propose a planning direction based on the results of domestic case studies and expert advice as a basic research to establish a specific implementation model for kindergarten education space in response to changes in future society and future education by escaping from the issues and facility limitations of existing kindergarten education space. To this end, it is intended to contribute to the positive effect of future education policies by being used as basic data for building specific implementation models through review of the 'Nuri' course, domestic case analysis, and revision of specific standards for kindergarten facility planning. The main research results were case analysis and advisory consultations to derive facility standards and planning directions divided into layout plans, general classrooms, support facilities, public spaces, and external spaces, and a process for identifying and systematizing space-influencing factors based on the facility standards derived in this basic study is needed hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2022

There has been significant increase in demand of launch opportunities from the small satellite sector that represents the new space era. Providing smallsat-dedicated launch service at an affordable price is a new business model many startup companies have pursued, which requires innovative solutions for cost reduction in combination of low cost components, volume production and optimized manufacturing. We set out a preceding study at KARI to develop a suite of critical and cost-cutting technologies in preparation for a two-staged small launch vehicle development, based on the liquid rocket engine technologies developed from the Nuri program in accordance with the 3^rd master plan for national space development. In this work, we introduce the concept of a two-staged small launch vehicle that aims to be innovative and cost competitive for small satellites, and describe mission design results including staging as well as overall vehicle configuration of the launch vehicle.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.487-495
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• 2022

This paper describes the design and development of a high-power transmit receive module(TRM) for mounting on X-band synthetic aperture radar(SAR) of the NEXTSat-2. The TRM generates a high-power pulse signal with a bandwidth of 100 MHz in the target frequency range of X-band and amplifies a low-noise on the received signal. Tx. path of the TRM has output signal level of more than 200 watts (53.01 dB), pulse droop of 0.35 dB, signal strength change of 0.04 dB during transmission signal output, and phase change of 1.7 ˚. Rx. path has noise figure of 3.99 dB and gain of 37.38 ~ 37.46 dB. It was confirmed the TRM satisfies all requirements. The TRM mounted on the NEXTSat-2 flight model(FM) which will be launched using the KSLV-II (Nuri).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2018

Objective: This study estimated the genetic parameters for body weight gain and growth curve parameter traits in Korean native chicken (KNC). Methods: A total of 585 $F_1$ chickens were used along with 88 of their $F_0$ birds. Body weights were measured every 2 weeks from hatching to 20 weeks of age to measure weight gain at 2-week intervals. For each individual, a logistic growth curve model was fitted to the longitudinal growth dataset to obtain three growth curve parameters (${\alpha}$, asymptotic final body weight; ${\beta}$, inflection point; and ${\gamma}$, constant scale that was proportional to the overall growth rate). Genetic parameters were estimated based on the linear-mixed model using a restricted maximum likelihood method. Results: Heritability estimates of body weight gain traits were low to high (0.057 to 0.458). Heritability estimates for ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, and ${\gamma}$ were $0.211{\pm}0.08$, $0.249{\pm}0.09$, and $0.095{\pm}0.06$, respectively. Both genetic and phenotypic correlations between weight gain traits ranged from -0.527 to 0.993. Genetic and phenotypic correlation between the growth curve parameters and weight gain traits ranged from -0.968 to 0.987. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study population, we suggest that the KNC could be used for selective breeding between 6 and 8 weeks of age to enhance the overall genetic improvement of growth traits. After validation of these results in independent studies, these findings will be useful for further optimization of breeding programs for KNC.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.431-440
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• 2017

This study surveyed pre-service early childhood teachers' level of concern about software education on the assumption that software education will be introduced into early childhood education in the future. It was shown that the pre-service early childhood teachers' level of concern about software education is the highest at stage 0(95%) and that they have a high level of informative, personal and managerial concern. Thus, a non-user pattern was mostly indicated. However, compared to the typical non-user pattern, their personal and informative level of concern is slightly higher. A 'tailing up' phenomenon to stage 6(refocusing) was shown. Hence, a pattern aspect close to critical non-user appeared to some extent. A difference in the significant level of concern was shown at all stages, except for managerial concern, according to the need for awareness, the appearance of a future implementation plan, and technology efficacy level. Based on this outcome, it was proposed that teacher training in early childhood software education should be made available as part of the educational activity connected with the Nuri Curriculum, since this would be more suitable for young children's developmental level than the early childhood software education, including coding education, etc., currently found in private institutions.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.659-668
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• 2015

The Korean education program and environment do not meet the increasing demand of daycare by facility, manpower, and budget deficits although Korea has also been interested in the convergent human resource with integrated ideas by creative education since the introduction of the Nuri curriculum for 5 year old children in 2011. Thus, the purpose of this study is to establish the preschool education program and design the proper space for developing the creativity of children. The procedure of this study is as follows. First, this study proposes the direction for establishing the daycare programs after examining the existing Korean daycare facilities and programs based on documented references about designs for daycare facilities. Second, this study proposes the program plans based on the framework establishment for developing preschool education programs by combination of 5 types of children's behavior on play and 5 types of formative principles for creative education with play. Third, this study proposes the direction of designs and conditions of daycare facilities for effectively managing the programs previously mentioned. As a result of theprocedure, this study comprehensively delineates the education program models and space plans for developing the creativity of Korean children, and suggests the necessity of development model of continuous education program by establishment of frameworks and the significance of space for effectively managing the model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7793-7797
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive role of risk of malignancy index in discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses preoperatively. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with a total of 569 patients with adnexal masses/ovarian cysts managed surgically at our clinic between January 2006 and January 2012. Obtained data from patient files were age, gravidity, parity, menopause status, ultrasound findings and CA125 levels. For all patients ultrasound scans were performed. For the assessment of risk of malignancy index (RMI) Jacobs' model was used. Histopathologic results of all patients were recorded postoperatively. Malignancy status of the surgically removed adnexal mass was the gold standard. Results: Of the total masses, 245 (43.1%) were malignant, 316 (55.5%) were benign and 8 (1.4%) were borderline. The mean age of benign cases was lower than malign cases ($35.2{\pm}10.9$ versus $50.8{\pm}13.4$, p<0.001). Four hundred and five of them (71.2%) were in premenopausal period. Malignant tumors were more frequent in postmenopausal women (81% versus 29%, p<0.001). All ultrasound parameters of RMI were statistically significantly favorable for malignant masses. In our study ROC curve analysis for RMI provided maximum Youden index at level of 163.85. When we based on cutoff level for RMI as 163.85 sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV was calculated 74.7%, 96.2%, 94% and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusions: RMI was found to be a significant marker in preoperative evaluation and management of patients with an adnexal mass, and was useful for referring patients to tertiary care centers. Although utilization of RMI provides increased diagnostic accuracy in preoperative evaluation of patient with an adnexal mass, new diagnostic tools with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed to discriminate ovarian cancer from benign masses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 2020

Objective: Thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 alpha (THRSP) has been used to investigate the regulation of de novo lipogenesis because the variation of THRSP mRNA content in the tissue affects directly the ability of that tissue to synthetize lipids. Also, this gene responds to thyroid hormone stimulation and high level of carbohydrate feeding or insulin-injection. This study was carried out to investigate variations within THRSP and their effects on body and carcass weights in Korean native chicken (KNC). Methods: A total of 585 chickens which represent the five lines of KNC (Black, Gray-Brown, Red-Brown, White, and Yellow-Brown) were reared and body weight data were recorded every two weeks from hatch until 20 weeks of age. Polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism, DNA chips for Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, and Fluidigm Genotyping Technology, were applied to genotype selected markers. A linear mixed-effect model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and growth-related traits. Results: A total of 30 polymorphisms were investigated in THRSP. Of these, nine SNPs for loci were selected to perform association analyses. Significant associations were detected between g.-49G>T SNP with body weight at 20 weeks of age (BW20), g.451T>C SNP with growth at 10 to 12 weeks of age (GR10-12), and g.1432A>C SNP with growth at 14 to 16 weeks trait (GR14-16) and body weight at 18 weeks of age (BW18). Moreover, diplotype of the THRSP gene significantly affected body weight at 12 weeks of age (BW12) and GR10-12 traits. Diplotype of ht1/ht2 was favorable for BW12 and GR10-12 traits. Conclusion: These results suggest that THRSP can be regarded as a candidate gene for growth traits in KNC.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.629-653
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• 2007

Korean government drives various programs to improve the performance of university-industry cooperation since 1998 such as BK 21(Brain Korea), NURI(New University for Regional Innovation), Connect Korea Program, and so on. We analyse the relationships between performance of university-industry cooperations and university competency factors(research competency and management competency) through multi-regression model, and propose policy implication. We used the basic data related to the performance of university-industry cooperation and university competency factors from Korean 61 universities. We set up some hypotheses and try to verify them with the method of multi-variable regression analysis including dependent variable(licensing fee, the number of technology transfers, the number of spin-offs) and independent variables(research competency, management competency). We, through this analysis, find both the research competency variables and management competency variables are significant to the performance of university-industry cooperation. Firstly, for licensing fee and the number of technology transfers, research competency variables such as the number of SCIE papers, the number of patent registration were significant, but management competency variables such as the scale of technology leasing organization, the number of specialist were not significant. Secondly, for the number of spin-offs management variables are significant, but research competency varialbles are not. These results imply that both the research competency and management competency of universities are the critical factors for the effective commercialization of university technology not only in United States but also in Korea. In the conclusion, we propose government drive university-industry cooperation policy to enhance the quality of research papers and patent as well as management capabilities of technology leasing organization.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2015

Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) systems are frequently used to deliver photon-based radiation, and allow conformal shaping of treatment beams. Many proton beam centers currently make use of aperture and snout systems, which involve use of a snout to shape and focus the proton beam, a brass aperture to modify field shape, and an acrylic compensator to modulate depth. However, it needs a lot of time and cost of preparing treatment, therefore, we developed the manual MLC for solving this problem. This study was carried out with the intent of designing an MLC system as an alternative to an aperture block system. Radio-activation and dose due to primary proton beam leakage and the presence of secondary neutrons were taken into account during these iterations. Analytical calculations were used to study the effects of leaf material on activation. We have fabricated tray model for adoption with a wobbling snout ($30{\times}40cm^2$) system which used uniform scanning beam. We designed the manual MLC and tray and can reduce the cost and time for treatment. After leakage test of new tray, we upgrade the tray with brass and made the safety tool. First, we have tested the radio-activation with usually brass and new brass for new manual MLC. It shows similar behavior and decay trend. In addition, we have measured the leakage test of a gantry with new tray and MLC tray, while we exposed the high energy with full modulation process on film dosimetry. The radiation leakage is less than 1%. From these results, we have developed the design of the tray and upgrade for safety. Through the radio-activation behavior, we figure out the proton beam leakage level of safety, where there detects the secondary particle, including neutron. After developing new design of the tray, it will be able to reduce the time and cost of proton treatment. Finally, we have applied in clinic test with original brass aperture and manual MLC and calculated the gamma index, 99.74% between them.