• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2003

In this paper, we calculate the number of points on elliptic curves y$^2$ = x$^3$ + cx over F$_p$ mod 8.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2006

Objectives : Proper acupuncture stimulation is associated with a characteristic set of sensation usually referred to as 'De-Qi'. In order to develop the appropriate sham acupuncture, various sensations to each stimulation should be considered through analysis of the profiles of acupuncture sensation. It was therefore investigated to compare the acupuncture sensation scale (ASS) of two types of sham acupuncture to that of the real acupuncture. Methods : Ninety-four participants (mean age 26.4, range 26-49) were asked to complete five point-Likert scale ASS developed by Vincent et al. after real or two-kinds of sham acupuncture stimulation: blunted tip sham acupuncture (BT) and round tip sham acupuncture (RT). Needling was done at LI4 acupoint on non-dominant hand and stimulated for 30 seconds with real or two-kinds of sham needle. Finger withdrawal latency (FWL) of each group was also measured to evaluate the pain sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli. Results : BT acupuncture significantly less produced penetrating, numb, intense, hurting, pulling, shock, tingling, throbbing sensation than real acupuncture stimulation. RT acupuncture significantly less produced penetrating, burning, electric, numb, intense, hurting, pulling, aching, shasharp, shock, stinging, tingling, throbbing sensation than real acupuncture. Each group did not demonstrate the differences of pain sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Conclusions : These results indicated that types of tip of acupuncture produced different kinds of acupuncture sensation. Our finding provides a general information of sensations to two kinds of sham acupuncture for development of ideal placebo sham needle.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1998

To find the prevalence of the Farmer's syndrome and the related factors, we investigated 909 farmers who and older than 30 years and live in Choongju area. The farmers were interviewed individually with a questionnaire from July 18 through 31, 1997. The results are as follows; The prevalence of Farmer's syndrome was 21.0% in male and 45.1% in female. The age prevalence of Farmer's syndrome was higher in thirties and forties than fifties and over sixties in both sex. Farmer's syndrome was significantly higher in low educational status, low income, low family members and more than 20 years of farming group. However, Farmer's syndrome was significantly higher in non smoking and non alcohol intake group, there were no significant differences according to smoking and alcohol intake after stratification by sex. The most frequent symptom in male was lumbago(60.5%), the second was numb limb(49.8%), the third was shoulder stiffness(43.2%) and the fourth was dizziness(31.5%). In female, the most frequent symptom was lumbago(81.3%), the second was numb limb(70.2%), the third was dizziness(62.2%) and the fourth was shoulder stiffness(55.9%). All of these four symptoms are significantly higher in female than in male. With multiple logistic regression for Farmer's syndrome, sex(OR of female=3.3) number of family(OR of <=1.9) and duration of farming(OR of $\geq$2.0 yr=1.5) were turned out to be significant variables.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to compare acupuncture sensation index among three different acupuncture devices. Methods : A, B and C acupuncture devices were inserted into Quchi(LI 11) of the subjects. After 5 minutes the subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation; hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation among the groups. Results : The acupuncture sensation index when administrated among three different acupuncture devices(A, B and C) was not significantly different. The acupuncture sensation of B acupuncture devices showed significant difference than A or C in Spreading, Dull, Numb item. But, the other items of acupuncture sensation were not significantly different among three acupuncture devices. Conclusions : We found that acupuncture sensation index when administrated among three different acupuncture devices. Further study is needed to know different acupuncture sensation among acupuncture devices.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.218-222
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• 1997

저자는 화상 환자의 창상 처치 과정에서 동통 조절을 위한 최면적 개입을 성공적으로 경험하였기에 그 중에서 2명의 증례를 기술하고 최면과 동통, 해리 등에 관해 고찰함으로써 이와 관련된 연구에 대한 관심을 도모하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.901-907
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• 2008

The measurements of velocity vectors are made in the wake(X/d=8) of a circular cylinder with arc grooves. The experiments are conducted by changing the groove number. groove depth, Reynolds number(Re) and the angle of the first formed groove. We know that the optimum groove angle is 70 degree and the wake velocity profiles are improved at a few conditions. According to vortex shedding frequency distributions. the key solutions to vary the flow field behind the circular cylinder are 70 degree groove angle and more deeper grooves than 0.2mm depth.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to find out whether normal saline(NS) acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture(CC). Methods : NS and CC were injected into Quchi($LI_{11}$) of the subjects. The subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation(hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing) and side effects. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation and side effects between two groups. Results : As for CC most of the acupuncture sensation items were not significantly different from NS especially in less acupuncture-experienced subjects(average 2, below 10 time experiences) rather than more acupuncture-experienced subjects(above 10 time experiences). Conclusions : We found that NS might be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in small amount of acupuncture-experienced subjects. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in more acupuncture-experienced subjects.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권3호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2004

트리 구조를 기반으로 하는 블루투스 스캐터넷은 적은 링크 수와 간단한 라우팅 방법 등 여러 가지 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문은 블루투스 규격상의 제약조건을 만족시키면서 노드 간 평균거리가 가장 짧은 트리형태에 가까운 스캐터넷을 형성하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 그리고 제시한 방법이 기존의 방법보다 지연시간을 더 초래하지 않고도 장치 간 평균 홉 수를 감소시킬 수 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

In some wireless sensor networks, the sensor nodes are required to be located sparsely at designated positions over a wide area, introducing the problem of adding minimum number of relay nodes to interconnect the sensor nodes. The problem finds its a bstract form in literature: the Minimum number of Steiner Points. Since it is known to be NP-hard, this paper proposes an approximation scheme to estimate the minimum number of relay nodes through the properties of the abstract form. Note that by reducing the numb er of nodes in a sensor network, the amount of data exchange over the net will be far decreased.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to find out whether NS(normal saline) is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for HHT(Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture) and HP(Homnis Placenta herbal acupuncture). Methods : NS and two herbal acupuncture were inserted into Quchi(LI 11) of the subjects. After 5 minutes the subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation; hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing. We compared the subjective acupuncture sensation between the two groups. Results : As for HHT seven items of the acupuncture sensation were significantly different from NS. In case of HP just two items were significantly different from NS. Conclusion : We found that NS may be able to be an placebo herbal acupuncture for HP. Further study is needed for the appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture.