• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.750-756
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• 2010

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of two Chinese herbal polysaccharides, Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), and one Chinese herbal saponin, Acantbepanax senticosus saponin (ASS), on the immunity and growth performance of weaned pigs. Experiment 1 was a 14-day growth assay, in which 32 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; ii) 0.05% APS; iii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight; and iv) 0.05% mixture of APS, ASS, and ABPS in a ratio of 1:1:1 by weight. Blood samples were collected on day 14 to determine plasma parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were also determined. Experiment 2 was a 21-day immunity assay, in which 16 weaned pigs were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments: i) 0.05% talcum powder control; and ii) 0.05% mixture of APS and ASS in a 1:1 ratio by weight. On day 21, pigs were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 3 h later blood samples were collected and analyzed for lymphocyte proliferation as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol levels. In Experiment 1, feeding Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin increased growth performance of the pigs. The effects of the mixture of APS and ASS were especially notable, as there was a significant improvement in growth performance compared with the control (p<0.05). The plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG), nitric oxide (NO), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were increased in all treatments groups, with the mixture of APS and ASS increasing the level of IgG and NOS significantly (p<0.05), compared with the control. There was no difference in the NO level between the control and treatment groups (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, Chinese herbal polysaccharides and saponin showed immunostimulating effects. The level of cortisol, GH, and IGF-I were significantly increased (p>0.05), and the level of IL-6 showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the APS and ASS treatment after the LPS challenge. The mixture of APS and ASS could stimulate the blood lymphocyte proliferation significantly whether the LPS was injected or not (p<0.05). These results show that Chinese herbal extracts can improve growth performance and stimulate immunity of weaned pigs. A mixture of APS and ASS, compared with APS alone, could be a new kind of immunostimulant for weaned pigs, which could result in greater positive effects on their growth performance and immunity.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

Objectives The object of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of Jinmu-tang extract (JMT) on the Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat osteoarthritis. Methods To investigate the antioxidant capacities of JMT, we measured the total polyphenol and flavonoid, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. To evaluate the antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of JMT, the rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8). Normal group was not induced by MIA and treated at all (N), control group was induced by MIA and not treated at all (Con), positive control group was induced by MIA and orally administered indomethacin 5 mg/kg (Indo) and experimental groups were induced by MIA and orally administered JMT 100 mg/kg (JMT100) and JMT 200 mg/kg (JMT200) for 4 weeks. The changes of anti-type II collagen antibody in serum, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phosphorylated inhibitor of ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) in knee joint tissue and histopathological observation (Hematoxylin & Eosin and Safranin-O stain) were measured. Results Total polyphenol and flavonoid levels of JMT were $26.90{\pm}0.33mg/g$ and $6.02{\pm}0.34mg/g$. $IC_{50}$ of L-ascorbic acid and JMT of DPPH radical scavenging activity were $1.35{\pm}0.07{\mu}g/ml$ and $52.95{\pm}0.97{\mu}g/ml$. $IC_{50}$ of L-ascorbic acid and JMT of ABTS radical scavenging activity were $3.18{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/ml$ and $91.49{\pm}1.74{\mu}g/ml$. In serum, the anti-type II collagen antibody levels of JMT100 and JMT200 groups were decreased significantly. In knee joint tissue, the HO-1 level of JMT200 was increased significantly. The $p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels of JMT200 were decreased significantly. The COX-2 and iNOS levels of JMT groups were decreased significantly. In histopathological observation, in comparison with Con, synovial tissue, cartilage and proteoglycan of JMT100 and JMT200 were well preserved. Conclusions According to the results, It is considered that JMT has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects for MIA-induced rat osteoarthritis, so it could be applied to osteoarthritis treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1178-1191
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• 2008

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine Powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract on expression of IL-1RA, $IL-1{\beta}$$, IL-6, IL-10, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, CD68, CD11b and AChE (3) and the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and increased IL-1RA, IL-10 in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured step-through latency. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$$, $L-1{\beta}$ protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder significantly decreased AChE activity in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus. and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The results suggest that the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2018

본 연구에서는, 표고버섯 균사체 발효 생물전환공법으로 생산된 미강생물전환소재(BPP-RB)가 가금티푸스의 주요 원인균인 S. Gallinarum에 감염된 닭 유래 대식세포주 HD-11에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 미강생물전환소재 추출액은 S. Gallinarum 277에 대한 직접적인 성장억제 효과를 보여주지 않았으며, 총단백질 및 분비단밸질 발현 양상에 어떠한 변화도 유도하지 못하였다. 하지만, 미강생물전환소재 추출액은 (i) HD-11 대식세포의 탐식 능력(phagocytic activity)을 활성화하였고, (ii) Th1-type cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, iNOS)과 immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10의 발현 증가를 유도하였으며, (iii) Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-6)의 발현은 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 미강생물전환소재는 가금 농장에서 가금티푸스 및 다른 Salmonella종의 감염을 예방하기 위한 사료첨가제로서의 가능성을 가지고 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine effect of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation activity of the Kyeongok-go with various processing methods that was manufactured by heating mantle. Methods : Commercial Kyeongok-go (K0) was purchased and Kyeongok-go with ginseng (K1), Kyeongok-go with black ginseng (BK), ginseng fermentation Kyeongok-go (KF), black ginseng fermentation Kyeongok-go (BKF) were manufactured by heating mantle. To examine anti-oxidant effect, DPPH radical and production of NO and ROS in RAW 264.74 cell were used. Furthermore, to determined anti-inflammation effect, measured pro-inflammatory mRNA such as NOS-II, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in RAW 264.74 cell treated with K0, K1, KF, BK, and BKF. Result : K1 scavenged DPPH radical effectively than K0. The most DPPH radical scavenging activity was BKF. In the RAW 264.74 cells stimulated with LPS, NO and ROS production were measured. As a results, K1 was decreased NO, ROS production compared with K0, and BKF was reduced similarly to cyclosporine A (positive control). Expression of pro-inflammatory mRNA such as NOS-II, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 showed a significant decrease in BK or BKF. But, there was no significant in expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in all extract treatmetn groups. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that Kyeongok-go with fermented black ginseng (BKF) manufactured by heating mantle is effective material that have anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant activities. Our finding indicate that BKF may be an effective agent for anti-inflammation through anti-oxidant effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was built to investigate the effect of Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture on the Collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of Bovine type II collagen solution into base of tail. Experimental group were divided into 5 groups ; Normal(N) group, Control(C) group, Trachelospermi Caulis high(TH) group, Trachelospermi Caulis low(TL) group, Saline(S) group(n=7 for each group). Normal group was had no management. Control group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken no treatment. Trachelospermi Caulis high group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken high-intensity(10mg/kg) herbal-acupuncture treatment on $ST_{36}$. Trachelospermi Caulis low group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken low-intensity(5mg/kg) herbal-acupuncture treatment on $ST_{36}$. Saline group was injected with Bovine type II collagen solution and taken saline injection on $ST_{36}$. Body weight, paw edema volume and ankle joint thickness were measured during experimental day. On the last experimental day, we analyzed WBC count, TNF-$\alpha$ & IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration, c-fos immunohistochemistry and NADPH-d histochemistry for evaluating the effect of Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture. Results : The results were as follows ; 1. In the change of paw edema volume, TH group only has significant difference compared with C group. 2. In the change of ankle joint thickness, TH group only has significant difference compared with C group. 3. In WBC count of serum, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 4. In TNF-$\alpha$ concentration of effusion, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with TL group. 5. In IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration of effusion, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with TL group. 6. In c-fos positive neurons of S1S2(cortex) region, TH, TL, S groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 7. In NADPH-d positive neurons of CPu(caudate putamen) region, TH, TL groups have significant decrease compared with C group. 8. In NADPH-d positive neurons of Tfp(transverse fibers of pons) region, TH, TL, S groups have significant decrease compared with C group. and TH group has significant decrease compared with S group. Conclusions : According to above results, we hope that Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture may have the effect that decreases progression and development of CIA. And it can be suggested that Trachelospermi Caulis herbal-acupuncture may reduce the expression of c-fos and NOS.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 우렁쉥이 껍질 유래 다당류의 기능성식품 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 조다당류의 분리 및 정제를 통해 획분을 얻었으며 다양한 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. 건조된 조다당류를 DEAE-sepharose CL-6B를 이용하여 크로마토그래피한 후 총당 및 uronic acid 함량을 분석한 결과, 증류수로 용출되는 비흡착 획분(APF-I, fraction No. 11~17)과 흡착된 후 NaCl 용액에 의해 용출되는 획분(APF-II, fraction No. 22~37)을 얻었다. 정제된 APF-I 및 APF-II의 이화학적 특성으로 총당 함량은 각각 66.62%, 27.03%, uronic acid 함량은 47.53%, 15.87%, hexosamine 함량은 16.62%, 46.79% 및 단백질 함량은 2.43%, 4.94%로 나타났다. APF-I 및 APF-II에 대해 RAW 264.7 세포에 처리하여 독성을 평가한 결과 $5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도까지 유의적으로 세포사멸이 나타나지 않아 세포독성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. Nitric oxide 생산량은 APF-I이 $5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 $22.23{\mu}m$ 함량을 나타내어 LPS 대비 73.48%로 타 구간에 비해 높은 생성량을 나타내었으며, cytokine 생성량(TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-6) 또한 APF-I $5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 각각 LPS 대비 104%, 100.1%를 나타내어 LPS와 유사한 생성량을 나타내었다. Polymerase chain reaction을 통한 면역관련 유전자 발현 분석 결과, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6에서 APF-I 구간에서 LPS 처리군 보다 높은 발현량을 나타내어 면역증강을 목적으로 한 기능성식품 개발에 활용 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1992

생물체내의 ascorbic acid :dehydroascorbic acid system 을 조절하는데 관여하는 것으로 알려진 ascorbate 산화효소의 활성을 단세포 녹조류인 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 에서 확인함으로써 이 효소의 존재와 특성을 고찰하였다. 조효소는 native gel 전기 영동에 의한 활성 염색과 분광광도계에 의한 ascorbic acid .의 흡광도 감소 측정에서 뚜렷한 활성을 나타내었다. 황산암모늄 침전, hydroxyapatite 흡착 크로마토그래피, 그리고 Sephadex G-150 gel 여과 크로마토그래피 분리한 결과 26.1 units/mg /의 specific activity 를 나타내었다. 분리된 ascorbate 산화효소는 $55^{\circ}C$, pH 4.6 에서 가장 활성도가 높았다. Native gel 전기 영동에서 88,000 dalton 갸량의 분자량을 가지고 있었고 소단위체의 분자량을 55,000 이었다. 또한 Western bloting technique 을 이용하여 C. reinhardtii 의 ascorbate oxidase를 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.392-397
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• 2016

천연물 유래 단일 성분의 항염증 효과에 대한 잠재성을 평가하는 스크리닝의 일환으로 11종의 단일 물질을 대상으로 항염증 효과를 탐색한 결과, 단풍취에서 분리정제한 zaluzanin C의 산화질소(II) 생성 억제능이 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 단풍취에서 분리정제한 zaluzanin C가 지질다당류로 자극한 마우스 대식세포인 RAW264.7 세포에서 염증반응에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하고, 관련 메커니즘에 대해 검토하였다. Zaluzanin C는 LPS 자극에 의해 유도된 iNOS 단백질 발현양을 감소시킴으로써 산화질소(II) 생성을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 IL-6와 같은 염증 유발 사이토카인의 분비를 억제하였다. 이러한 효과는 전사인자인 NF-kB의 세포질에서 핵으로의 이동을 억제함으로써 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과로부터, zaluzanin C가 염증 반응을 저해하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나, 향후 염증성 질환을 예방, 개선 및 치료하는데 유용한 물질로 사용될 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 이를 위해서는 zaluzanin C의 생체 내 이용률 및 생리적 활성 농도 등에 대한 추가 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2010

Background: Cordyceps militarys water extract (CME) has been reported to exert antitumor and immunomodulatory activities in vivo and in vitro. However, the therapeutic mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of CME on the antigen presenting function of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Methods: Dendritic cells (DCs) were cultured in the presence of CME, and then allowed to phagocytose microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA). After washing and fixing the efficacy of OVA, peptide presentation by DCs were evaluated using CD8 and CD4 T cells. Also, we confirmed the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines through western blot analysis. Results: CME enhanced both MHC class I and class II-restricted presentation of OVA in DCs. In addition, the expression of both MHC class I and II molecules was enhanced, but there was no changes in the phagocytic activity of exogenous OVA. Furthermore, CME induced the protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, proinflammatory cytokines, and nuclear p65 in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by western blot. Conclusion: These results provide an understanding of the mechanism of the immuno-enhancing activity of CME on the induction of MHC-restricted antigen presentation in relation to their actions on APCs.