• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

N-nitrosamines are the nitroso compounds which are produced by nitrosation reactions of the secondary amine and nitrite under acidic conditions. Approximately 300 species of N-nitrosamine have been tested for carcinogenicity in laboratory experiments, with 90% of them demonstrated carcinogenic effects different animal species, including higher primates. In 1978, IARC classified NDMA and NDEA as Group 2A, and NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR and NMOR as Group 2B. In this study, we established pretreatment and analytical method for N-nitrosamines (NDMA, NDEA, NMEA, NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR and NMOR) in human urine for biological monitoring of N-nitrosamines. The analytes were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE), then quantitative analysis was performed by LC-(APCI)-MS/MS. The accuracies of the established method were between 85.8~108.7% and precisions were lower than 20%. The limit of detection (LOD) were between 0.0002 (NDBA) and 0.0793 (NDMA) ng/ml. The linearity obtained was satisfying for the 8 N-nitrosamines, with a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) higher than 0.999. The mean concentrations of N-nitrosamines in the urine were 2.645 mg/g creatinine for NDMA, 0.067 mg/g creatinine for NDEA, 0.009 mg/g creatinine for NMEA, 0.011 mg/g creatinine for NDBA, 0.271 mg/g creatinine for NPIP and 0.413 mg/g creatinine for NPYR. NDPA and NMOR were not detected. It can be used as a instrumental methodology for evaluation and risk assessment of human exposure to N-nitrosamines for the further research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.168-169
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• 2019

여객의 안전운행을 위해, 선내 센서데이터 수집장치를 설치하여 선박의 항해/기관 데이터를 국제표준을 준수하여 수집한다. 노후 선박의 장비들 중 IEC 61162 표준으로 데이터를 제공하지 않는 장비의 경우 접점신호를 수신하여 자체 정의된 NMEA0183 표준으로 재정의하여 표준화 개발을 하였다. 수집된 데이터는 내부 프로토콜 및 S-100 표준을 이용하여 육상으로 전송하는 기술을 개발하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.182-184
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• 2023

'스마트 항로표지 현장시설 고도화 연구'를 통해 다양한 센서를 통해 해상 데이터를 수집하고, 이를 가공하여 선박과 육상 연계시스템에 전파하는 방안이 논의되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 특정 업체에 종속되지 않고 미래 기술 발전에 유연한 대응이 가능하도록 스마트 항로표지 인터페이스 플랫폼에 대한 기술 요구사항의 표준화 방안을 정리한다. 이미 정의된 표준 구문은 그대로 수용하고, 신규 센서의 경우 관련 구문을 새로 정의하여 표준화하며 장치들을 직집 연결하거나 망 접속을 통해 연결하기 위해 정의되어야 하는 사안들을 정리한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.2139-2144
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• 2017

In case of communication method and protocol applied to the industrial field, various kinds and methods are applied to the field according to the environment and hardware configuration specifications. In order to develop and construct an industrial monitoring system, the development of the equipment is carried out through hardware system analysis and communication protocol analysis each time, so that a lot of development costs and time are being entered. In this paper, we proposed a programmable protocol conversion algorithm to support the integrated monitoring of industrial equipment using various protocols. This method can extract the necessary data from the data transmitted by serial communication, NMEA, CAN, Modbus communication method and transmit it to Ethernet. We implemented a communication gateway module that supports various communication methods, and experimented with data conversion and transmission.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.306-311
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• 2017

In the future ubiquitous network, information will collect data from various sensors in the field. Since the sensor nodes are equipped with small, often irreplaceable, batteries with limited power capacity, it is essential that the network be energy-efficient in order to maximize its lifetime. In this paper, we propose an effective network routing method that can operate with low power as well as the transmission of data and information obtained from sensor networks, and identified the number of sensors with the best connectivity to help with the proper placement of the sensor. These purposes of this research are the development of the sensor middle-ware to integrate the maritime information and the proposal of the routing algorithm for gathering the maritime information of various sensors. In addition, for more secure ship navigation, we proposed a method to construct a sensor network using various electronic equipments that are difficult to access in a ship, and then construct a communication system using NMEA(the national marine electronics association), a ship communication standard, in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

The survey of nitrosamine occurrence at Nakdong river is conducted in this study. According to the study results, six nitrosamine compounds (NDEA as N-nitrosodiethylamine, NDPA as N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine, NDMA as N-nitrosodimethylamine, NMEA as N-nitrosomethylethylamine, NDBA as N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine, and NDPHA as N-Nitrosodiphenylamine) were detected at the Nakdong river. Among these, NDEA and NDPA are the most important compounds in terms of the nitrosamine contamination of Nakdong river. The detected concentration of NDEA exceeded the CDHCS (California Department of Health Care Services) response level of 100 ng/L at several sites. The detected concentration of NDPA approached the response level (500 ng/L) at few sites. When all nitrosamine concentrations were summed up, the maximum concentration of 735.7 ng/L was detected at the Nakdong river.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2003

Submarine optical fiber cable construction consists of marine survey, PLGR(Pre Lay Grapnel Run), shore-end-work, laying the submarine optical cable. This PLGR is work to ease the cable lay safely in seabed, improve the performance of Plough and ROV (Remotely-Operated Vehicle) laying work, and protect laying equipment. This paper presents the design and implementation of real-time monitoring system for PLGR work in submarine optical fiber cable construction enterprise. In this paper, we designe overall real-time monitoring system. For this purpose, the modules such as serial multiport communication module, real-time processing module, environment configuration module, real-time graph and a printout modules are designed and implemented. For the validity evaluation of this paper, serial multi port communication module, data parsing, realtime graph output are implemented and tested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.588-590
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• 2022

Sharing both locations and positions of ships makes it possible to utilize critical item for their safe and efficient navigation in such diversifying meantime environments. AIS is the representative technology for the sharing solutions. The AIS is even used in airspace and ground stations, so that AIS could facilitate the ships' safety navigation and their prevention/rescue from endangers. Due to AIS's many advantages, IMO(International Maritime Organization) made adapting the AIS mandatory for international passenger ships and the ships that are over than 300 tons. AIS uses VHF band areas for transmitting information and the information can be propagated to several hundreds km in range. Due to the large range, AIS monitoring system can acquire huge number of ships, which makes system performance lower and busier. In this paper, we propose the strategy of AIS information extraction for efficient monitoring system. Thus, the monitoring system has higher processing performance and lower network usage. As well as, the proposal affects the monitoring system has more capacity to include other systems' targets, in result.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.197-203
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• 2010

The problem of location awareness in wireless sensor networks where nodes use GPS (Global Positioning System), remains challenging problem, when considering the required large energy consumption during the localization phase. In this paper we designed hardware for GPS based localization and propose a framework, called ELS, to consume low cost energy. In the ELS framework, sensor nodes are equipped with GPS. Because GPS spends large energy for position awareness, conventional localization algorithms cannot use GPS-device. We try to find a solution for efficient energy expenditure of GPS. Finally, we derive optimal transmission power of GPS data and a scheme of localization through experiment and simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.299-300
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• 2006

현재 선박에서는 선상정보체계의 디지털화 추세가 가속화되어 고성능의 통합형 선방용 컴퓨터를 필요로 하며, 현재도 그 납품 실적이 꾸준히 증가하는 추세이다. 하지만 실제 선박 내의 운용환경을 충분히 고려한 선박용 컴퓨터의 개발은 그 실적이 부진한 실태로, 잦은 고장과 합리적이지 못한 인터페이스 장치들의 적재로 원활한 운용환경을 제공하지 못하고 있다. 그리하여 기초설계부터 특수한 해양환경에 적합하도록 고안되고, 선박의 통신체계(NMEA 0183)를 완벽히 지원하여 항해보조장치로서의 임무를 충실히 소화해 낼 수 있는 선박용 컴퓨터 개발을 필요로 하게 되었다.