• 한국노년학
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.611-632
• /
• 2016

Solutions for elderly health issues need to be found that take into account not only a medical perspective, but also interactions with social conditions such as socioeconomic status. With this in mind, this study aims to understand how socioeconomic status leads to health inequalities for the elderly. Specifically, this study investigates the mediating effects of socioeconomic status(income and education levels), health activities as an intermediary of the three dimensions of physical health(medical health, functional health, subjective health), accessibility of medical facilities, social participation, and social network. To test the research model, a secondary data analysis was conducted on the 2014 National Survey of Senior Citizens. The participants of the study were 10,451 elderly men and women aged 65 and above. To test the mediated model, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted following the procedures suggested by Baron and Kenny(1986). In addition, a Sobel test was conducted to test the mediated model's significance. According to the analysis, the effects of income and educational levels on the health of the elderly were not the same. Additionally, different results were found depending on health dimensions. However, the overall direction of the results showed that the socioeconomic status of the elderly creates health disparities, and health behaviors, accessibility of medical facilities, social participation, and social network had significant mediation effects between socioeconomic status and physical health. Study findings especially worth noting are as follows: education was shown to have a stronger effect on health than income; effects of social integration factors such as social participation were highlighted; and significant mediating effects on the accessibility of medical facilities remained even after taking residential area into account. Results of this study shed light on health inequality mechanisms due to socioeconomic conditions and the need to find alternatives to alleviate these problems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.247-260
• /
• 2018

This study examined the mental health status (depression, cognitive impairment and dementia) and its association with the related factors in the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance. The study subjects were 1,488 people (male 740, female 748) aged over 70 years of age who had been recognized for long-term care insurance services in the years 2011~2014 from the National Health Insurance Corporation. The data collected from the National Health Insurance Corporation set forth a lifestyle questionnaire, itemized health screening tests, and long-term care as recognition data for research purposes. As a result, depression, cognitive impairment, and dementia of subjects increased significantly with age. As a multiple logistic regression result, the risk ratios of depression, cognitive impairment, and dementia, which indicated the mental health status, were significantly higher in women than in men, in the lower body weight group than in the overweight group, in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group, and in the drinking group than in the non-drinking group. These results suggest that the mental health status (depression, cognitive impairment, and dementia) of subjects decreased with increasing age, particularly the group with poor health related behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, and regular exercise, indicating that the mental health condition is lower than in the good group.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.315-326
• /
• 2000

Objectives : Health behaviors that contribute to the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults are mostly established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The purpose of this study is to investigate health behavior, juvenile delinquent behavior, mental status and to understand related factor to health behavior. Methods : The study items of life style were health related habit including smoking, drinking, breakfast, regular diet, regular exercise, sleeping time and weight status. Also, sexual evidence, violence, suicidal perceptions were surveyed. Questionnaire survey was conducted from January to February, 2000 by adolescence living in Kyunggi-Do. Data were collected by self-administered questionares. The collected data were analyzed using PC-SPSS 9.0 version. Results : Most students perceived to be healthy themselves but just two thirds students had concern for health. 64.9% ever drank alcohol, 26.4% ever smoked, and also and 2.9% had attempted suicide during preceding the survey. The rate of sleeping over 8 hours is 31.8%, 65.6% had breakfast. Multiple regression analysis to find related factor with adolescents health behavior were conducted. As a results, concern for health, sex, grade, spending money and attempt to suicide were related to health behavior. Conclusion : These results showed that many efforts to improve the health-concern are necessary and suggest the need for further studies including follow-up study, intervention study on the relationship of life style.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 1985

There have been numerous studies in Korea and other countries of which the major hypotheses are identifying and dearibing the conditions under which the value of children has been formed. The present study proposes to view the formation of the value of children as a correlate of family's consumption-saving and work4eisure behavior pattern. The objectives of the proposed study are to identify the socio-economic and demographic factors determining the family's consumption-saving and work-leisure behavior pattern and to analyse the relationship between the value of children and this behavior pattern. The conceptual framwork of the analysis is that an individual family's socio-economic and demographic factors influence and shape the consumption-saving and work-leisure behaviors and these behaviors in turn influence and reflect the correlates and proximate determinants of the family'sfertility. In this paper, regression model is used to analyse the hypothesized relationship among the various variables. The regression methods used are first and second stage multiple regressions. In addition, MONOVA has been used to show the interactions. Data used are collected from the government publicactions. The major findings from this study are as follows: As the living Standard improves, n individual family's consumption of necessities and its working hours decline, while savings and leisure activities increase. The phenomena result in the fertility reduction as can be seen in the more developed conntries. Child-bearing and rearing activities are found to be the important component to determine the condumption-saving and work-leisure activies. The married women's labor participation, and the investment in education and health are also found to be the factors reducing fertility rate.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.12 no.5_spc
• /
• pp.45-79
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to review the results of the subjective well-being(swb) studies performed by Hahn and coworkers in Korean culture. As the correlates of swb, we dealt with demographic/individual difference variables, intrapersonal variables, interpersonal process variables, and Korean cultural variables. We proposed that the components of swb were consisted of quality of life(cognitive swb) and overall happy feelings about one's own life(emotional swb). It was also assumed that a measure of total swb could be calculated by summated mean of cognitive swb and emotional swb measures. The data of the swb studies were analyzed and interpreted according to the above three measures of swb. The results of a nationwide survey(Hahn, 2004) from age of 19 to 75 years ald(n=2,230) showed significant simple correlation coefficients between the following demographic/individual difference variables and swb: Gender difference in swb was found(total swb r=.08, p<.001; life satisfaction r=.10, p<.001; overall emotional swb r=.05, p<.05). Men were happier than women in terms of all three measures of swb. It was also found that women appeared to experience greater positive and negative emotions. Correlation between age and emotional swb(r=.09, p<.001) was significant, but life satisfaction was not significant(r=.04, n.s). Correlations between economic status and swb were also significant(total swb r =.23, p<.001; life satisfaction r=.15 p<.001; overall emotional swb r=.15, p<.001l). Although existence of father was negatively related to emotional swb(r=-.05, p<.05), the existence of mother was not related to any of swb measures. Similarly existence of brothers was related positively to overall emotional swb, but existence of sisters was not. Though existence of son was not related to swb, daughter contributed negatively to swb(total swb -.12, p<.01; life satisfaction -.09, p<.05; emotional swb r=-.12, p<.01). We assumed that family member-in-Iaw also contributed to swb because the extended dose social networks were important in Korean culture. The results showed that the following family member-in-law variables were related to swb: Parents-in-law(total swb r=.11, p<.01; life satisfaction r=.10, p<.01; emotional swb r=.10, p<.01), father-in-law(total swb r=.11, p<.01; life satisfaction r=.11, p<.01; emotional swb r=.06, n.s). The result suggested that especially father-in-law contributed to swb through financial and social support. Correlations between emotional experiences in everyday life and swb were also presented. The range of correlation coefficients between the positive emotion measures and swb were r=.30~.48(p<.001) when the above two measures obtained at same time. But the range decreased to r=.19~32(p<.001) when the swb measure was obtained 9 month later longitudinally. Intercorrelations between positive emotional experience; and life satisfaction were r=.37~58(p<.001) when two measures were obtained at same time. We also examined the effects of the intrapersonal cognitive responses to the most stressful life event upon swb. The results of nationwide survey(n=1,021) showed that self-disclosure(total swb r=.09, p<.010; life satisfaction r=.10, p<.01; emotional swb r=.07, p<.01), rumination(total swb r=-.17, p<.001), thought avoidance(total swb r=.12, p<.001; life satisfaction r=-.08; emotional swb r=-.12, p<.001) and suppression(total swb r=-.13, p<.001; life satisfaction r=-.08, p<.05: emotional swb r=-.13, p<.001) contributed to swb. It was also suggested that mismatch between self-guide and regulatory focus contributed negatively to emotional swb. It was also found that social comparison motives and fulfillment of the motives contributed to swb. The results of a survey research(n=363 college students) revealed that the higher the general social comparison motive, the lower the swb(total swb r=-.15, P<.01: life satisfaction r=-.17. p<.01; emotional swb r=-.10, p<.05). It was also found that satisfaction level of self-evalution motive contributed positively to swb(total swb r=-.14. p<.01: life satisfaction r=-.12, p<.05; emotional swb r=.15, p<.001). Both of self-improvement motive(r=.13, p<.05) and satisfaction level of self-improvement motive(r=.12, p<.05) contributed positively to emotional swb, respectively. The above results suggested that swb was depended upon the interaction effect of social comparison motive; and level of fulfillment of the motives. We also reported the significant multiple predictors of swb in a sample of age from 60years to 89years olds. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the significant multiple predictors of swb were past illness(β=.174, p<.001), economic status(β=.418, p<.001), marital satisfaction(β=.0841, p<.001), satisfaction of offsprins(β=.065, p<.01), expectation level of social support from offsprings(β=-.049, p<.001), and negative emotions(β=-.454. p<.001) among 16 social psychological factors. It was also found that swb was an important multiple predictors of physical health. This finding was replicated in a longitudinal study. Both of positive and negative emotional experiences were significant multiple predictors of physical health one year later. The results of the discriminant analysis showed both of total swb and positive emotional experiences contributed to discriminate the happy and healthy olds from unhappy and unhealthy olds. We paper also examined the effects of the nonnative social behaviors upon swb in Korean culture. The main hypotheses of the study(Hahn, 2006, in press) was that the important nonnative behaviors would influence on swb through both of the mediation processes of adjustment to social relationships and psychological stress. The survey data were collected from 2,129 adults age of 19 to 75, from 7 regional areas in Korea. The results of the study revealed that almost all of correlation coefficients between 15 normative social behaviors and the above three criteria w-ere significant. The fitness test results of the covariance structural equation model showed that all of the fitness indices were satisfactory (GFI=.974, AGFI=.909, NNFI=.922, NFI=.973, CFI=.974. RMR=.049, RMSEA=.073). The results of the analysis revealed that the following five path coeffi6ents from behaviors to social adjustment were significant; behavior tor family and family members(t=5.87, p<.001), courteous behavior(t=4.39, p<.001), faithful behavior (t=2.15. p<.05). collectivistic behavior(t=8.31, p<.001). Seven path coefficients from the normative behaviors to psychological stress were significant; behavior for family and family members (t=-4.63, p<.001), faithful behavior(t=-3.86, p<.001). suppression of emotional expression(t=3.99, p<.001), trustworthy and dependable behavior(t=-2.21, p<.05), collectivistic behavior(t=3.72, p<.001), effortful and diligent behavior(t=2.94, p<.001), husbandry and saving behavior(t=3.40, p<.001). The above results suggested that four normative behaviors among seven behaviors contributed negatively to psychological stress in current Korean society. The results abo confirmed the hypothesized paths from social adjustment (t=10.40, p<.001) to swb and from psychological stress(t=-19.74, p<.001) to swb. The important results of the study were discussed in terms of the Confucian traditions and recent social changes in Korean culture. Finally limitations of this review paper were discussed and the suggestions for the future study were also proposed.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.1191-1206
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between perceived health status, future time perspective(FTP), health promoting behaviors, and quality of life in the elderly. To this end, the survey was conducted through distributing questionnaires to the elderly people who lived in areas of Seoul or its adjacent satellite cities in their age of 60 or more in 2013. In total, 497 valid responses were collected. The data was analyzed by using a number of analysis methods including confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, SEM analysis. The findings are as follows. First, health status of the elderly has a significant influence on FTP. Second, health status the elderly has a significant influence on health promoting behavior. Among sub-factors of health status, subjective health status has a significant influence on spiritual growth, nutrition, physical activity, stress and interpersonal relation. Third, health status of the elderly has a significant influence on quality of life. Among sub-factors of health status, subjective health status has a significant influence on physical, social, emotional and economic quality of life. Fifth, FTP of the elderly has a significant influence on quality of life. FTP has a significant influence on physical, social, emotional economic quality of life among the elderly. Sixth, health promoting behavior among the elderly has a significant influence on quality of life. Among sub-factors of health promoting behavior, spiritual growth has a significant influence on physical, social, emotional and economic quality of life. Nutrition has a significant influence on social factor. Health responsibility has a significant influence on emotional quality of life. Physical activity has a significant influence on physical quality of life. Stress has a significant influence on physical, social and economic quality of life. Finally, interpersonal relation has a significant influence on physical and social quality of life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.225-235
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among clinical nurses' emotional labor, health promoting behaviors and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), as well as to clarify factors that affect nurses' PMS. This was a descriptive study of 195 clinical nurses working in one university hospital and two general hospitals in the C region. Data collection was conducted from Jul 3 until Jul 21, 2017. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used for analysis. The mean score of emotional labor was $3.35{\pm}0.63$ out of 5, that of health promoting behavior was $2.08{\pm}0.40$ out of 4 and that of PMS was $2.94{\pm}1.09$ out of 6. Premenstrual syndrome was significantly positively correlated with emotional labor (r=0.292, p<0.001) and interpersonal relationships in health promotion behavior (r=0.208, p=0.004). Factors influencing PMS were interpersonal relationships (${\beta}=0.54$, p=0.001), emotional labor (${\beta}=0.40$, p=0.001) and degree of menstrual pain (${\beta}=0.14$, p<0.001), which explained 30.0% of PMS (F=9.33, p <0.001). The results of this study suggest that intervention strategies may be necessary to decrease PMS by reducing menstrual pain, emotional labor and interpersonal relationship stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.346-356
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was to identify the Health beliefs of the vulnerable group on the prevention of STI and to identify the factors that influence prevention behavior. Methods: The participants were 241 of persons vulnerable to STI. A total of 241 questionnaires were collected by mail or in person through relevant workplace, group members, and visitors to public health centers with structured questionnaires. The SPSS 21.0 program was used to perform descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Results: As a result, the level of perceived susceptibility was 2.70, perceived severity was 3.63, perceived benefits of condom use was 3.82, Perceived barriers of condom use was 2.45, self-efficacy of condom use 3.93 and prevention behavior of STI was 3.51 based on 5-point Likert scale. Condom use self-efficacy(��=.23, p=.003), perceived barriers of condom use(��=-.15, p=.035), and level of education(��=.16, p=.018) were important factors influencing STI prevention behavior and the regression model explained 17% of STI prevention. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a systematic education program in consideration of factors influencing and improving awareness to prevent STI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of various factors on smartphone addiction according to types of risk groups among middle school students. Methods: Data of 223 students were collected from February 1st to 22nd of 2020. The collected data were analyzed through t-test, χ² test, correlaton coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The smartphone addiction scale was used to classify the participants into two groups; 18.8% (n=42) of the total respondents were categorized as the addiction risk group and 81.2% (n=181) were categorized as the general population group. Results: The factors associated with the students in the high risk group were grade (t=3.89, p=.036) and religion (F=3.79, p=.044). In the high risk group, psychological anxiety (β=.39, p=.005) and relapse of internet addiction (β=.38, p=.006) explained 46.0% of smartphone addiction, while in the normal risk group, relapse of internet addiction (β=.42, p<.001), psychological anxiety (β=.22, p=.004), tolerance of internet addiction (β=.17, p=.007), and academic stress (β=.14, p=.027) explained 51.0% of smartphone addiction. Conclusion: In order to prevent smartphone addiction in middle school students, a more specific nursing intervention is needed that can reduce psychological anxiety and relapse of internet addiction. It is clear that urgent measures need to be taken for the highly addicted students such as academic counseling.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.228-240
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the influences of knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support on sick role behavior in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: The participants were 192 patients with coronary artery disease in D city. Data were collected from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014 using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 19.0 using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Factors having an influence on sick role behavior were age (70 years old ${\beta}$=.275, p<.001), occupation (Office job ${\beta}$=-.230, p<.001), knowledge (${\beta}$=.204, p<.001), self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.188, p<.001), underlying disease (stroke ${\beta}$=.142, p=.008), and family type (live with their children ${\beta}$=-.128, p=.038). These factors explained 56% of the variance in sick role behavior. Conclusions: More positive knowledge and self-efficacy are needed for the sick role behavior. In addition, results of the study indicated that age, occupation, underlying disease, and family type were very important in predicting health behaviors of patients with coronary artery disease. Thus, it would be necessary to include patients' characteristics in designing an education program for people with coronary artery disease.