• 제목/요약/키워드: Multi-factor Test

검색결과 330건 처리시간 0.025초

스포츠 스타 인플루언서 광고가치와 소비자 팀동일시가 브랜드자산에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Sports Star Influencer Advertising Value and Consumer Team Identification on Brand Equity)

  • 이진균;엄남현
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.180-196
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 스포츠 스타 인플루언서가 나오는 SNS 광고가치인 정보성, 오락성, 방해성, 신뢰성이 브랜드자산에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 인플루언서 SNS 광고가치와 브랜드자산과의 관계에 미치는 팀동일시의 조절효과를 규명하였다. 대학생 350명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 진행하였으며, 확인적 요인분석과 구조 방정식모형을 이용한 다집단분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과로 스포츠 스타 인플루언서가 출연한 SNS 광고가치 중 정보성, 오락성, 신뢰성이 증가할수록 브랜드자산에 정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 방해성은 브랜드자산에 유의미한 부적 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 또한 소비자의 팀동일시 수준이 낮은 집단에 비해 높은 집단이 오락성을 더 높게 지각한 반면 팀동일시 수준이 낮은 집단이 높은 집단에 비해 방해성을 더 높게 지각한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 스포츠 스타 인플루언서를 활용한 SNS 광고가치의 학문적 이해를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 또한 팀동일시 수준에 따른 스포츠 인플루언서 광고가치 지각의 차이를 밝힘으로써 소비자의 스포츠 팬덤 강화와 브랜드자산 증대를 위한 시사점을 제공 할 것이다.

Association Between the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Elementary School Students and Their Parental Occupation in Sudan

  • Jin, Yan;Cha, Seungman;Kim, Youngjin;Hamdan, Hamdan Mustafa;Elhag, Mousab Siddig;Ismail, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed;Lee, Keon Hoon;Hong, Sung-Tae
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제60권1호
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 2022
  • Global efforts to identify groups at high risk for schistosomiasis have mainly concentrated on identifying their geographical distribution. Investigations on the socioeconomic characteristics of high-risk groups are relatively scarce. This study aimed to explore the associations between schistosomiasis among students and their parents' occupations. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting 105,167 students in 1,772 primary schools across Sudan in 2017. From these students, 100,726 urine and 96,634 stool samples were collected to test for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infection. A multi-level mixed effect analysis was used with age and sex as fixed factors, and school as a random factor. The odd ratios (ORs) of practicing open defecation among farmers' children were almost 5 times higher than their counterparts whose parents were government officials (OR=4.97, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 4.57-5.42, P<0.001). The ORs of contacting water bodies for watering livestock among farmers' children were more than 4 times higher than those of children whose parents were government officials (OR=4.59, 95% CIs: 4.02-5.24, P<0.001). This study shows that schistosomiasis represents a disease of poverty and that farmers' children constituted a high-risk group.

뉴미디어 플랫폼 시대의 스포츠미디어 가치: 미디어 인게이지먼트와 공감의 역할 (Sports Media Value in New Media Platform Era: The Role of Media Engagement and Empathy)

  • 최의열;전용배;김현덕
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.433-441
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    • 2022
  • MCN 스포츠 중계의 미디어 인게이지먼트, 미디어 공감, 그리고 미디어 가치와의 관계를 규명하기 위한 이 연구는 MCN 스포츠 중계 시청 경험을 가진 시청자 총 324명을 대상으로 비확률 표본 표집 중에서 목적 표집법을 통해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 타당도를 확인하였으며, Cronbach's α 검사를 실시하여 신뢰도를 조사하였다. 또한 상관관계분석을 실시하여 판별타당도를 검증하였으며, 연구가설을 검증하기 위해 선형 회귀분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, MCN 스포츠방송과 관련하여 미디어 인게이지먼트가 미디어 가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미디어 인게이지먼트가 미디어 공감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 미디어 공감이 미디어 가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

가맹본부의 통제의무에 관한 판례연구 (A Case Study on "Control" of the Franchisor)

  • 민주희
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 가맹본부의 과도한 통제로 인하여 가맹점사업자가 독립적 사업자가 아닌 피용자로 전환될 수 있음을 시사한 Williams v. Jani-king of Philadelphia Inc. 사건을 고찰하였다. 이 사건에서 법원은 가맹점사업자의 지위를 판단하기 위해 계약상 가맹본부가 행하는 통제의 성격이 유일하고 명백한 증거라고 판단하였으나 계약상 내용뿐만 아니라 실질적으로 가맹본부가 가맹점 사업자에게 행사는 통제의 정도도 함께 고려되어야 할 필요성이 있다. 또한 계약상 통제의 성격을 판단함에 있어 그 기준이 명료하지 않기 때문에 가맹점사업자의 지위 판단이 상황에 따라 달라질 수 있으므로 기존의 가맹사업상 내제된 통제와 그 이상의 일상적인 관리상 통제로 구분하여 가맹점사업자의 지위를 판단하는 것이 적절할 것이다.

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모드분해기법을 이용한 변위응답추정 알고리즘의 실교량 적용 (Applications of Displacement Response Estimation Algorithm Using Mode Decomposition Technique to Existing Bridges)

  • 장성진;김남식
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제30권3A호
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    • pp.257-264
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    • 2010
  • 일반적으로 대형구조물의 건전성평가에 있어 중요한 인자인 변위를 추정함으로써 구조물의 성능 저하 및 노후도를 판단하는 근거가 된다. 그러나 변위응답의 계측이 중요함에도 불구하고 계측 방법의 부재로 말미암아 현수교와 같은 대형구조물의 변위응답을 측정하는 방법이 용이치 않은 것이 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 변형률신호로부터 변위응답을 추정하는 방법인 모드분해기법을 제시하였다. 모드분해기법은 등가정적 변위응답과 구조물의 주요거동을 나타내는 저차모드의 변위응답을 합하여 최종변위응답을 추정하는 방법이다. 변형률신호의 계측시 전기저항식 변형률센서를 사용할 경우 전기적 노이즈 문제가 발생할 소지가 크며, 측점이 많아질수록 경제적 부담감이 커진다. 이런 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 전기적 노이즈의 영향이 없고 다중측정이 가능한 광섬유 브래그 격자 센서를 사용하였다. 현수교와 플레이트거더교의 동재하실험을 통하여 모드분해기법의 사용성을 검토하였다.

한국 관광기업의 경쟁우위 요인이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 (The Management Performances originated from the Competitive Advantages of Korean Tourism Firms)

  • 신광하;박명찬
    • 국제지역연구
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.135-169
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문은 한국 관광기업의 경쟁우위요인이 과연 해당기업들의 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가에 대한 실증연구이다. 즉, 한국의 수도권 및 경남권에서 경영활동을 수행하고 있는 관광기업들의 기본적인 현황과 문제점을 파악하고, 이어 FTA환경이라는 기회와 위협의 요인을 어떻게 적응하여 경쟁우위를 강화시키며 그들 자신의 경영성과를 제고할 것인가에 대한 연구인 것이다. 한국 관광기업의 경쟁우위는 일반적으로 중요하게 인식되고 있는 마케팅, 제품개발, 서비스 공급, 재무, 그리고 조직문화 등의 요인 등으로 분류하였으며 이들의 요인들이 경영성과에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보기로 한다. 종속변수인 경영성과는 매출, 이윤, 경영만족도로 분류하였다. 이들 간의 원인 관계를 실증적으로 분석하기 위해 구조방정식모델링 기법을 사용하였다. 분석 절차를 요약하면, 선행연구를 통해 문헌분석을 실행하고 이를 토대로 연구가설을 설립한 후 이를 검증하기 위한 실증분석을 실시하는 것이다. SPSS를 이용하여 상관분석, 신뢰성과 타당성 분석을 실행하였고, 가설검정을 위한 최종 추리통계분석인 구조 방정식 모델링을 통한 경로분석은 AMOS 통계프로그램을 활용하였다. 분석결과, 경영성과 변수들인 매출, 이윤과 경영만족도에 영향을 미치는 경쟁우위요인들은 다양하게 나타났으며 공통적으로 영향을 미치는 요인은 마케팅인 것으로 확인되었다.

Biological properties of fermented milk with fortified whey protein

  • Ki Whan Kim;Seok Han Ra;Gereltuya Renchinkhand;Woo Jin Ki;Myoung Soo Nam;Woan Sub Kim
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.323-336
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    • 2023
  • As a byproduct obtained from cheese manufacture, whey protein was developed as a functional food that contains multi-functional proteins. In this study, the biochemical activity of fermented milk prepared by fortifying whey protein with excellent physiological activity was investigated. Immunoglobulin (IgG) content was higher in 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk than in the control. The viable cell counts were 20% higher in the fermented milk with 10% fortified whey protein than in the control group. The antibacterial effect of 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk compared to the control group was shown to be effective against four pathogenic microorganisms, Escherichia coli (KCTC1039), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 530, Salmonela Typhimurium (KCTC3216), and Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC1621). The antioxidant effect by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities wasincreased two-fold in 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk compared to the control. The 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and induced nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) in a concentration-dependent manner. In a piglets feeding test, the weight gain with 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk was increased by 18% compared to the control group, and no diarrhea symptoms appeared. Our results clearly demonstrated that 10% fortified whey protein fermented milk could be a useful functional ingredient for improving health.

정보서비스품질이 고객로열티에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 고객관계관리 관점 (The Effect of Information Service Quality on Customer Loyalty: A Customer Relationship Management Perspective)

  • 김형수;김승하;김영걸
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 2008
  • As managing customer relationship gets more important, companies are strengthening information service using multi-channels to their customers as a part of their customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives. It means companies are now accepting such information services not as simple information -delivering tools, but as strategic initiatives for acquiring and maintaining customer loyalty. In this paper, we attempt to validate whether or not such various information services would impact on organizational performance in terms of CRM strategy. More specifically, our research objective is to answer the next three questions: first, how to construct the instruments to measure not information quality but information service quality?; second, which attributes of information service quality can influence corporate image and customer loyalty?; finally, does each information service type have unique characteristics compared with others in terms of influencing corporate image and customer loyalty? With respect to providing answers to those questions, the previous studies had been limited in that those studies failed to consider the variety of types of information service or restricted the quality of information service to information quality. An appropriate research model answering the above questions should consider the fact that most companies are utilizing multi channels for their information services, and include the recent strategic information service such as customer online community. Moreover, since corporate information service could be regarded as a type of products or services delivered to customer, it is necessary to adopt the criteria for assessing customer's perceived value when to measure the quality of information service. Therefore, considering both multi-channels and multi-traits may enable us to tell the detailed causal routes showing which quality attributes of which information service would affect corporate image and customer loyalty. As information service channels, we include not only homepage and DM (direct mail), which are the most frequently applied information service channels, but also online community, which is getting more strategic importance in recent years. With respect to information service quality, we abstract information quality, convenience of information service, and timeliness of information service through a wide range of relevant literature reviews. As our dependant variables, we consider corporate image and customer loyalty that both of them are the critical determinants of organizational performance, and also attempt to grasp the relationship between the two constructs. We conducted a huge online survey at the homepage of one of representative dairy companies in Korea, and gathered 367 valid samples from 407 customers. The reliability and validity of our measurements were tested by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and principal factor analysis respectively, and seven hypotheses were tested through performing correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The results from data analysis demonstrated that timeliness and convenience of homepage have positive effects on both corporate image and customer loyalty. In terms of DM, its' information quality was represented to influence both corporate image and customer loyalty, but we found its' convenience have a positive effect only on corporate image. With respect to online community, we found its timeliness contribute significantly both to corporate image and customer loyalty. Finally, as we expected, corporate image was revealed to provide a great influence to customer loyalty. This paper provides several academic and practical implications. Firstly, we think our research reinforces CRM literatures by developing the instruments for measuring information service quality. The previous relevant studies have mainly depended on the measurements of information quality or service quality which were developed independently. Secondly, the fact that we conducted our research in a real situation may enable academics and practitioners to understand the effects of information services more clearly. Finally, since our study involved three different types of information service which are most frequently applied in recent years, the results from our study might provide operational guidelines to the companies that are delivering their customers information by multi-channel. In other words, since we found that, in terms of customer loyalty, the key areas would be different from each other according to the types of information services, our analysis would help to make decisions such as selecting strengthening points or allocating resources by information service channels.

스마트폰의 지각된 가치와 지속적 사용의도, 그리고 개인 혁신성의 조절효과 (An Empirical Study on Perceived Value and Continuous Intention to Use of Smart Phone, and the Moderating Effect of Personal Innovativeness)

  • 한준형;강성배;문태수
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.53-84
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    • 2013
  • With rapid development of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), new services by the convergence of mobile network and application technology began to appear. Today, smart phone with new ICT convergence network capabilities is exceedingly popular and very useful as a new tool for the development of business opportunities. Previous studies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggested critical factors, which should be considered for acquiring new customers and maintaining existing users in smart phone market. However, they had a limitation to focus on technology acceptance, not value based approach. Prior studies on customer's adoption of electronic utilities like smart phone product showed that the antecedents such as the perceived benefit and the perceived sacrifice could explain the causality between what is perceived and what is acquired over diverse contexts. So, this research conceptualizes perceived value as a trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice, and we need to research the perceived value to grasp user's continuous intention to use of smart phone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structured relationship between benefit (quality, usefulness, playfulness) and sacrifice (technicality, cost, security risk) of smart phone users, perceived value, and continuous intention to use. In addition, this study intends to analyze the differences between two subgroups of smart phone users by the degree of personal innovativeness. Personal innovativeness could help us to understand the moderating effect between how perceptions are formed and continuous intention to use smart phone. This study conducted survey through e-mail, direct mail, and interview with smart phone users. Empirical analysis based on 330 respondents was conducted in order to test the hypotheses. First, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived usefulness among three factors of perceived benefit has the highest positive impact on perceived value, and then followed by perceived playfulness and perceived quality. Second, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived cost among three factors of perceived sacrifice has significantly negative impact on perceived value, however, technicality and security risk have no significant impact on perceived value. Also, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived value has significant direct impact on continuous intention to use of smart phone. In this regard, marketing managers of smart phone company should pay more attention to improve task efficiency and performance of smart phone, including rate systems of smart phone. Additionally, to test the moderating effect of personal innovativeness, this research conducted multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users. In a group with high level of innovativeness, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived playfulness was the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result of the group with high level of innovativeness explains that innovators and early adopters are able to cope with higher level of cost and risk, and they expect to develop more positive intentions toward higher performance through the use of an innovation. Also, hedonic behavior in the case of the group with low level of innovativeness aims to provide self-fulfilling value to the users, in contrast to utilitarian perspective, which aims to provide instrumental value to the users. However, with regard to perceived sacrifice, both groups in general showed negative impact on perceived value. Also, the group with high level of innovativeness had less overall negative impact on perceived value compared to the group with low level of innovativeness across all factors. In both group with high level of innovativeness and with low level of innovativeness, perceived cost has the highest negative influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with high level of innovativeness showed that perceived technicality was the positive factor to influence perceived value than others. However, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived security risk was the second high negative factor to influence perceived value than others. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on influencing factors on continuous intention to use of smart phone, rather than considering initial purchase and adoption of smart phone. First, perceived value, which was used to identify user's adoption behavior, has a mediating effect among perceived benefit, perceived sacrifice, and continuous intention to use smart phone. Second, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value, while perceived cost has significant negative influence on perceived value. Third, perceived value, like prior studies, has high level of positive influence on continuous intention to use smart phone. Fourth, in multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users, perceived usefulness, in a group with high level of innovativeness, has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, perceived playfulness, in a group with low level of innovativeness, has the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result shows that early adopters intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their job useful, instead market followers intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their time enjoyable. In terms of marketing strategy for smart phone company, marketing managers should pay more attention to identify their customers' lifetime value by the phase of smart phone adoption, as well as to understand their behavior intention to accept the risk and uncertainty positively. The academic contribution of this study primarily is to employ the VAM (Value-based Adoption Model) as a conceptual foundation, compared to TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) used widely by previous studies. VAM is useful for understanding continuous intention to use smart phone in comparison with TAM as a new IT utility by individual adoption. Perceived value dominantly influences continuous intention to use smart phone. The results of this study justify our research model adoption on each antecedent of perceived value as a benefit and a sacrifice component. While TAM could be widely used in user acceptance of new technology, it has a limitation to explain the new IT adoption like smart phone, because of customer behavior intention to choose the value of the object. In terms of theoretical approach, this study provides theoretical contribution to the development, design, and marketing of smart phone. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategy formulation for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to smart phone business. Since potential customers are interested in both benefit and sacrifice when evaluating the value of smart phone, marketing managers in smart phone company has to put more effort into creating customer's value of low sacrifice and high benefit so that customers will continuously have higher adoption on smart phone. Especially, this study shows that innovators and early adopters with high level of innovativeness have higher adoption than market followers with low level of innovativeness, in terms of perceived usefulness and perceived cost. To formulate marketing strategy for smart phone diffusion, marketing managers have to pay more attention to identify not only their customers' benefit and sacrifice components but also their customers' lifetime value to adopt smart phone.

진 제품 구매자의 추구혜택에 따른 평가기준 및 선호 이미지 (Evaluation Criteria and Preferred Image of Jeans Products based on Benefit Segmentation)

  • 박나리;박재옥
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.974-984
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    • 2007
  • WTO체계 이후 급속히 변화하는 의류시장의 환경 속에서 진 제품 시장 역시 소비자의 다양한 취향에 따라 세분화 되고 있다. 이에 국내 진 브랜드들이 수입 진 브랜드들과의 경쟁에서 살아남기 위하여 소비자들이 추구하는 혜택은 무엇이며 그 혜택에 따른 제품을 평가하는 기준과 선호하는 이미지에 대한 연구의 필요성 이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 진 제품 구매자의 추구혜택을 알아보고 추구혜택 집단에 따라 제품평가기준과 선호 이미지에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 청바지 시장에서 주요 표적고객으로 선정되고 있는 20대 남, 녀 대학생으로 선정되었다. 표본추출법으로 할당표본추출법이 실시되었다. 자료수집은 설문지 응답방식으로 이루어 졌으며, 추구혜택, 제품평가기준 및 선호 의복이미지를 측정하기 위하여 선행연구에서 사용된 척도들을 본 연구에 맞도록 수정, 보완하여 사용하였다. 총 492부의 설문지가 자료의 분석을 위하여 사용되었으며, SPSS 11.5를 사용하여 cluster analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, ANOVA 및 Duncan test를 실시하였다. 진 제품 구매자의 추구혜택에 따라 소비자를 유형화시킨 결과, 4개의 집단으로 분류되었다. 집단 1은 성적매력, 유행, 개성, 실용성과 같은 의복의 표현적, 도구적인 혜택을 모두 추구하는 집단으로써 다혜택 추구 집단이라 명명하였으며, 집단 2는 유행을 가장 추구하는 집단으로써 유행추구 집단이라 명명하였으며, 집단 3은 경제성을 가장 추구하는 집단으로써 경제성 추구 집단이라 명명하였으며, 집단 4는 유명상표를 가장 추구하는 유명상표 추구 집단이라 명명하였다. 추구혜택 집단에 따른 평가기준의 차이를 알아본 결과 심미적 기준, 외재적 기준, 품질성능적 기준에서 유의미한 차이를 나타내었다. 즉 다혜택 추구 집단은 제품을 평가하는 단서로 심미적 기준과 품질 성능적 기준을 다른 집단보다 더 중요시 여기고 있었으며, 유명상표 추구 집단은 제품의 외재적 기준을 더 중요시 여기고 있었다. 반면 경제성 추구 집단은 진 제품에 있어서 심미적 기준이나 외재적 기준은 별로 중요하게 여기고 있지 않았다. 추구혜택 집단에 따라 선호 의복이미지에 차이가 있는지를 알아 본 결과 개성적 이미지, 활동적 이미지, 섹시한 이미지, 세련된 이미지, 심플한 이미지에서 유미한 차이가 나타났다. 즉 성적 매력, 유행, 개성, 실용성을 모두 추구하는 다혜택 추구 집단의 소비자들은 진 제품에서 개성적 이미지, 활동적 이미지, 섹시한 이미지, 세련된 이미지, 심플한 이미지 모두를 다른 집단에 비해 더 선호하고 있었으며, 유행을 추구하는 소비자들은 개성적 이미지를 더 선호하고 있었다. 또 유명상표를 추구하는 소비자들은 청바지를 착용함으로써 개성적 인 이미지와 세련된 이미지를 표현하는 것을 더 선호한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.