• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2014

In recent years, multi-camera systems have been recognized as an affordable alternative for the collection of 3D spatial data from physical surfaces. The collected data can be applied for different mapping(e.g., mobile mapping and mapping inaccessible locations)or metrology applications (e.g., industrial, biomedical, and architectural). In order to fully exploit the potential accuracy of these systems and ensure successful manipulation of the involved cameras, a careful system calibration should be performed prior to the data collection procedure. The calibration of a multi-camera system is accomplished when the individual cameras are calibrated and the geometric relationships among the different system components are defined. In this paper, a new single-step approach is introduced for the calibration of a multi-camera system (i.e., individual camera calibration and estimation of the lever-arm and boresight angles among the system components). In this approach, one of the cameras is set as the reference camera and the system mounting parameters are defined relative to that reference camera. The proposed approach is easy to implement and computationally efficient. The major advantage of this method, when compared to available multi-camera system calibration approaches, is the flexibility of being applied for either directly or indirectly geo-referenced multi-camera systems. The feasibility of the proposed approach is verified through experimental results using real data collected by a newly-developed indirectly geo-referenced multi-camera system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.2689-2708
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• 2016

Multi-camera systems which integrate two or more low-cost digital cameras are adopted to reach higher ground coverage and improve the base-height ratio in low altitude remote sensing. To guarantee accurate multi-camera integration, the geometric relationship among cameras must be determined through platform calibration techniques. This paper proposed a combined two-step platform calibration method. In the first step, the static platform calibration was conducted based on the stable relative orientation constraint and convergent conditions among cameras in static environments. In the second step, a dynamic platform self-calibration approach was proposed based on not only tie points but also straight lines in order to correct the small change of the relative relationship among cameras during dynamic flight. Experiments based on the proposed two-step platform calibration method were carried out with terrestrial and aerial images from a multi-camera system combined with four consumer-grade digital cameras onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle. The experimental results have shown that the proposed platform calibration approach is able to compensate the varied relative relationship during flight, acquiring the mosaicing accuracy of virtual images smaller than 0.5pixel. The proposed approach can be extended for calibrating other low-cost multi-camera system without rigorously mechanical structure.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2011

Underwater CCTV camera systems are increasingly replaced the traditional net approach of assessing the species, numbers and aggregation patterns of marine animals distributing around the artificial reefs installed in the inshore fishing grounds, in particular, in relation to the biological investigation of behavior and distribution patterns of target fishes. In relation to these needs, we developed a multi-directional underwater CCTV camera system to use in detecting and tracking marine animals in the artificial reef ground. The marine targets to be investigated were independently tracked by using a camera module toward the bottom and four camera modules installed in the interval of $90^{\circ}$ in horizontal plane and inclination of $45^{\circ}$ in vertical plane of the CCTV system without the overlap of video frames by each camera module. From the results of several field tests at sea, we believe that the developed multi-directional underwater CCTV camera system will contribute to a better understanding in evaluating the effect of artificial reefs installed in the inshore fishing grounds.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2014

Multi-camera systems have been widely used as cost-effective tools for the collection of geospatial data for various applications. In order to fully achieve the potential accuracy of these systems for object space reconstruction, careful system calibration should be carried out prior to data collection. Since the structural integrity of the involved cameras' components and system mounting parameters cannot be guaranteed over time, multi-camera system should be frequently calibrated to confirm the stability of the estimated parameters. Therefore, automated techniques are needed to facilitate and speed up the system calibration procedure. The automation of the multi-camera system calibration approach, which was proposed in the first part of this paper, is contingent on the automated detection, localization, and identification of the object space signalized targets in the images. In this paper, the automation of the proposed camera calibration procedure through automatic target extraction and labelling approaches will be presented. The introduced automated system calibration procedure is then implemented for a newly-developed multi-camera system while considering the optimum configuration for the data collection. Experimental results from the implemented system calibration procedure are finally presented to verify the feasibility the proposed automated procedure. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the estimated system calibration parameters from two-calibration sessions is also presented to confirm the stability of the cameras' interior orientation and system mounting parameters.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2009

최근 도시의 3차원 공간정보에 대한 필요성이 증가함에 따라 연직사진과 경사사진을 동시에 촬영하는 항공용 다각카메라에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 기존의 지형공간정보는 주로 연직사진에 의존하지만 다각 카메라는 연직사진 뿐 아니라 사방에서 촬영된 경사사진도 함께 이용하므로 사용자가 대상물을 쉽게 판독할 수 있게 한다. 본 연구에서는 카메라시스템, GPS/INS, 촬영안내시스템, 제어시스템으로 구성된 다각사진촬영시스템 프로토타입을 개발하고, 실제 항공촬영에 통해 장비개발 시 고려해야 할 카메라 설치 각도, 동시촬영, 촬영시간지연, 저장 등에 대해 실험하였다.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Due to the different camera properties of the multi-view camera system, the color properties of captured images can be inconsistent. This inconsistency makes post-processing such as depth estimation, view synthesis and compression difficult. In this paper, the method to correct the different color properties of multi-view images is proposed. We utilize a gray gradient bar on a display device to extract the color sensitivity property of the camera and calculate a look-up table based on the sensitivity property. The colors in the target image are converted by mapping technique referring to the look-up table. Proposed algorithm shows the good subjective results and reduces the mean absolute error among the color values of multi-view images by 72% on average in experimental results.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2022

Due to the limited field of view of the pinhole camera, there is a lack of stability and accuracy in camera pose estimation applications such as visual SLAM. Nowadays, multiple-camera setups and large field of cameras are used to solve such issues. However, a multiple-camera system increases the computation complexity of the algorithm. Therefore, in multiple camera-assisted visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) the multi-view tracking algorithm is proposed that can be used to balance the budget of the features in tracking and local mapping. The proposed algorithm is based on PanoSLAM architecture with a panoramic camera model. To avoid the scale issue 3D LiDAR is fused with omnidirectional camera setup. The depth is directly estimated from 3D LiDAR and the remaining features are triangulated from pose information. To validate the method, we collected a dataset from the outdoor environment and performed extensive experiments. The accuracy was measured by the absolute trajectory error which shows comparable robustness in various environments.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.495-506
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 실감 콘텐츠 생성에 쓰이는 움직이는 다수 카메라 시스템을 위한 분해법 기반 자동 보정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 대부분의 기존 자동 보정 연구는 스테레오 카메라 혹은 고정된 다수 카메라 시스템에 한정되어왔다. 보다 넓은 영역의 3차원 복원이나, 다수 카메라를 사용하는 일반적인 응용으로의 확장을 위해서는 새로운 알고리즘에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 일반적인 다수 카메라 시스템 (동적인 시스템 포함) 구조에 대한 강건한 자동 보정 방법을 제안하고, 카메라 구조가 평면 구성을 갖는 다수 카메라 시스템 보정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 우선, 기하학적 제한 요소를 바탕으로 분해법을 사용하기 위한 수식을 유도하고, 유도된 정리를 바탕으로 실질적인 자동 보정 사용법을 설명한다. 특히, 평면을 이루는 카메라 시스템에서의 분해법 적용이 어파인 복원과 같다는 성질을 증명하고, 어파인 분해법을 활용한 자동 보정 알고리즘을 제시한다. 실험에서는 제안된 알고리즘을 시뮬레이션 데이터와 실제 영상에 적용한 실험 결과를 보인다. 제안된 알고리즘은 다수 카메라 시스템을 활용한 영상 기반 3차원 실감 콘텐츠 복원이나, 하드웨어의 지원과 함께 실시간 다수 카메라 증강 현실 시스템에 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.143-152
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• 2004

Researchers seeking geological and environmental information, depend on remote sensing and aerial photographic datum from various commercial satellites and aircraft. However, adverse weather conditions as well as equipment expense limit the ability to collect data anywhere and anytime. To allow for better flexibility in geological and environmental data collection, we have developed a compact, multi-spectral automatic Aerial Photographic system (PKNU2). This system's Multi-spectral camera can record visible (RGB) and infrared (NIR) band (3032＊2008 Pixels) images Visible and infrared band images were obtained from each camera respectively and produced color-infrared composite images to be analyzed for the purpose of the environmental monitoring. However this did not provide quality data. Furthermore, it has the disadvantage of having the stereoscopic overlap area being 60% unsatisfied due to the 12 seconds of storage time of each data The PKNU2 system in contrast, photographed photos of great capacity Thus, with such results, we have been proceeding to develop the advanced PKNU2 (PKNU3) system that consists of a color-infrared spectral camera that can photograph in the visible and near-infrared bands simultaneously using a single sensor, a thermal infrared camera, two 40G computers to store images, and an MPEG board that can compress and transfer data to the computer in real time as well as be able to be mounted onto a helicopter platform.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.746-752
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• 2014

In a multi-camera measurement system, the determination of the external parameters is one of the vital tasks, referred to as the calibration of the system. In this paper, a new geometrical calibration method, which is based on the theory of the vanishing line, is proposed. Using a planar target with three equally spaced parallel lines, the normal vector of the target plane can be confirmed easily in every camera coordinate system of the measurement system. By moving the target into more than two different positions, the rotation matrix can be determined from related theory, i.e., the expression of the same vector in different coordinate systems. Moreover, the translation matrix can be derived from the known distance between the adjacent parallel lines. In this paper, the main factors effecting the calibration are analyzed. Simulations show that the proposed method achieves robustness and accuracy. Experimental results show that the calibration can reach 1.25 mm with the range about 0.5m. Furthermore, this calibration method also can be used for auto-calibration of the multi-camera mefasurement system as the feature of parallels exists widely.