• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.342-344
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• 2002

Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) has been one of the most destructive diseases in Korean apple orchards. Symptoms of the scar skin viroid disease were detected in various apple cultivars, namely, Sansa, Fuji, Chukwang, Miki-Life, Hongro, and Songbongeum cultivated in the southern part of Korea. The RNA molecules were extracted from the apples bearing dapple apple symptoms with the application of CF-11 RNA extraction method. The purified RNAs were used for the synthesis of cDNA with RT-PCR. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The viroid RNA molecules from the six different cultivars bearing the dapple symptos showed the same nucleotide sequences as that of the Korean strain of ASSVd（ASSVd-K). ASSVd-K was detected from apple orchards in Kunwi, Sangju, Uiseong, Yeong-yang, Andong, and Youngduk in Gyeongbuk Province in 2001, and in Muju in Jeonbuk Province in 2002. As the viroid disease could be propagated vegetatively, it can be widely transmitted gradually in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2019

The study aims to measure the quality of consulting services for village-building projects in rural areas. To this end, the government wanted to analyze the impact of the quality of service on residents' satisfaction and business performance in villages that are receiving consulting services. As a result of the empirical analysis of the case areas, the five-dimensional tangibles, reliability, assurance and empathy of the quality of consulting services in rural villages had a defining influence on the residents' satisfaction. And the residents' satisfaction of consulting services had a defining influence on the business performance of the village with tangibles, reliability, and assurances. The main implications presented on the basis of these results were analyzed that it was necessary to universalize the assessment of service quality, to strengthen the burden of the village on the cost of consulting services, and to induce participation through a sufficient understanding of the villagers' business.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.346-357
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement plans for prevention regulations by reflecting the toxicity, fire and explosion effects of hazardous materials factories and surrounding areas using an off-site consequence assessment program. Regarding the effects of the hydrogen cyanide leak accident, which is the 1st petroleum of the 4th class flammable liquid, Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) program was used to compare and analyze the extent of damage effects for toxicity, overpressure, and radiation. As a result, the toxicity was analyzed to exceed 5km in the area with Acute exposure guideline level (AEGL)-2 concentration or higher, the overpressure was 103m in the range of 1 psi or more, and the radiant heat was analyzed to be 724m in the range of 2kw/m² or more. Toxicity and radiation affected the area outside the hazardous material storage area, but the overpressure was limited to the inside of the hazardous material storage area. Therefore, we propose to improve the safety management of hazardous materials by conducting a risk assessment for hazardous materials and reflecting the results in internal and external emergency response plans to prepare prevention regulations.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2015

Several kinds of yeasts were isolated from wild flowers collected from Muju resort of Deogyu mountain in Korea and identified by comparison of nucleotide sequences of D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA using BLAST. Totally twenty-two strains of eight species were isolated and Cryptococcus magnus (9 strains) and Cryptococcus flavescenes (6 strains) were dominant species. The supernatant and cell-free extracts were prepared and their antioxidant activity, anti-gout xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and whitening tyrosinase inhibitory activity were investigated. Anti-gout xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Sporobolomyces phaffii JS00583 and Rhodotorula graminis JS00581 were 40.4% and 39.1%, respectively and also was 36.1% whitening tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the supernatant of Cryptococcus magnus JS00570.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 1997

A destructive collar rot of apple caused by a species of Phytophthora has widely occurred in Kyungbuk and less extended in Chungbuk, Chungnam and Chunbuk provinces of Korea. Significantly higher incidence of the disease was observed on cv. Fuji when M26 or M9 was used as dwarfing stocks. Incidence of the disease at several orchards in Uisung, Kunwi, Yesan and Muju ranged from 45 to 80%. Twenty-five isolates of the causal fungus were collected and all isolates were identified as P. cactorum on the basis of their cultural and morphological characters. The fungus produced markedly papillate and broadly ovoid deciduous sporangia both on agar and in water, and a short pedicel was attached to each sporangium. Oospores were readily formed on clarified V8 agar by single isolates and all the antheridia were paragynous. The fungus neither grew nor produced oospores under 5 and over 33$^{\circ}C$. The destructive collar rot of apple caused by P. cactorum has not been reported in Korea previously.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.415-418
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• 2002

Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. is one of the most important root-using medicinal crops in Korea. A new variety 'Sinto' (Suwon 2) was developed from the population of Muju local through phenotyptic restricted mass selection at National Crop Experiment Station, RDA. in 2001. The average yield of this variety was about 2,260 kg/ha in RYT at three location from 1999 to 2001 which were about 20% higher than that of Pyeongchang local. Sinto showed a strong resistance to powdery mildew. This variety may be well adaptable to mountainous mid-southern areas in Korean peninsula.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2011

We collected wild mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus from Deogyu Mt. of Muju, Jeollabuk-do and physiological functionalities of its water extract were investigated. The water extracts from S. aspratus showed the highest antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of 74.3% and also showed high anti-gout xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity (59.6%). However, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was very low (17.3%), and antioxidant activity and SOD-likely activity were not detected. The ACE inhibitory activity of S. aspratus fruiting body was the highest when powder of the fruiting body was shaked at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h by distilled water. Furthermore, the XOD inhibitory activity was also the highest by extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 h with water.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.346-350
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• 2015

To identify genome sequences of Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) isolates in Korea, the field survey was performed from 'Hongro' apple orchards located in eight sites in South Korea (Bongwha, Cheongsong, Dangjin, Gimchoen, Muju, Mungyeong, Suwon, and Yeongwol). ASSVd was detected by RT-PCR and PCR fragments were cloned into cloning vector. Full-length viral genomes of eight ASSVd isolates were sequenced and compared with 21 isolates reported previously from Korea, India, China, Japan and Greece. Eight isolates in this study showed 92.2-99.7% nucleotide sequence identities with those reported previously. Phylogenetic analysis showed that seven isolates reported in this study belong to the same group distinct from other groups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2004

A study of freshwater ichthyofauna was conducted in order to clarify its significance at 14 upstream sites in Muju, Jangsu, Geochang and Hamyang districts in Deogyusan National Park, enclosing Baekdudaegan. The freshwater fish fauna of the Park was measured at the 14 sampling locations from May 2003 to September 2003. The fifteen species gauged included four Korean endemic species and or subspecies (Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Iksookimia longicorpa, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobutis platycephala). Fourteen species were found in the Keum River and seven species in the Nakdong River. However, common species were Punchocypris, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Zacco temmincki, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Coreoperca herzi, and Odontobutis pzatycephala. The dominant species of these regions were Zacco temmincki and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus. Past studies conducted in Baekdudaegan mostly concernedflora and vegetation. In the future, new study concepts for stream corridors involving both animal and plant should be introduced.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

This paper analyzed the flood propagation characteristics of each flood elevation due to failure of embankment in Muju Namdae Stream using recursive call algorithm. A flood propagation order by the flood elevation was estimated by setting destruction point at Beonggu and Chasan small dam through recursive call algorithm and then, the number of grids of each flood propagation order and accumulated inundation area were calculated. Based on the flood propagation order and the grid size of DEM, flood propagation time could be predicted each flood elevation. As a result, the study could identify the process of flood propagation through distribution characteristic of the flood propagation order obtained from recursive call algorithm, and could provide basic data for protection from flood disaster by selecting the flood vulnerable area through the gradient pattern of the graph for accumulated inundation area each flood propagation order. In addition, the prediction of the flood propagation time for each flood water level using this algorithm helped provide valuable information to calculate the evacuation path and time during the flood season by predicting the flood propagation time of each flood water level.