• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.416-426
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• 2007

The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe antenatal depression and level of mother-fetal interaction, and to assess mother's behavior and feeling during mother-fetal interaction, in order to develop a base for nursing intervention programs for mothers who have antenatal depression. Method: Data were collected from 174 pregnant women who visited one public health center and OBGY clinic in Gangneung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify depression (BDI), and mother-fetal interaction. Results: Of the mothers 63.2% were in the normal range for antenatal depression, 21.3% in the mild group and 15.5% were in the moderate to severe group. For antenatal depression, there were significant differences among the income, planned pregnant, health status, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. The mean for mother-fetal interaction was $29.88{\pm}4.91$. For mother-infant interaction, there were significant differences in education, income, pregnant number, delivery number, feeding plan, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. There was a weak correlations between antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction but it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction influence fetal development. It is essential to assess and provide immediate care to mothers who have antenatal depression and lower level mother-fetal Interaction.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of early contact between mothers and infants on attachment behaviors. Methods: The participants were purposely allocated to an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). For the experimental group, early contact between mothers and newborns took place for 10 minutes. Mother-infant attachment was assessed in the nursery. Data analysis was done using frequency, percentage, $x^2$ test, mean, standard deviation, and t-test with the SPSS/WIN program. Results: The experimental group practicing early mother-infant contact, showed a higher degree of identifying behaviors (p<.05), modalities of interaction (p<.05), and caretaking behaviors (p<.05) than the control group. Conclusion: The early mother-infant contact at 2 hours post-delivery had positive effects on mother-infant attachment. Therefore an early contact can be recommended for all mothers-to-be as a way of improving mother-infant relationships.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Subjects were 78 12- to 35- month old infants, their mothers, and their teachers. Instruments included the Revised Toddler Temperament Questionnaire(Y. H. Choi 1990) and the Assessment Profile for Early Childhood Programs(M. K. Hong 1997; S. K. Kim 1999). There was no significant difference in perceptions of infant temperament between mothers and teachers. Infant-mother interaction differed by infant temperament in that mothers had high scores with easy infants but low scores with difficult children. On the other hand teachers maintained high interactions with difficult infants in the case of infant's rhythmicity. Infant-teacher interaction correlated with such teacher variables as teacher-infant ratio, teachers' academic backgrounds and working hours.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 1996

Although nursing researchers have performed studies on parent-child relationship actively since early 1980s in Korea, nothing hasn't been tried on the analysis of the contents of researches. We researchers tried examining the trend of researches by investigating treaties on mother-child relationship conducted from 1981 to 1994. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of research on the mother-child relationship and to suggest direction for future study. The total numbers of the studies were 27 cases, These studies were analyzed for 1) time of publication 2) research design 3)main concept 4)thesis for a degree or nondegree 5) measurement tool The finding of the analysis were as follows. 1) In the chronological situation, the research on mother-child relationship began to perform in 1981 in the country and had been made most for five years to 1986 with 14 treaties and has decreased since 1990. 2) In the research plan, there are 21 survey(the most) ,5 quasi experimental(before 1986), 1 qualitative. 3) In the subject, the researches on mother-child are the most, 22 and of them 17 treaties on normal infant,4 comparative research on high risk infant and normal infant,5 treaties on mother, 4) The conception of mother-child relationship was used as various conceptions such as affection, union, bonding in early research of 1980s, but it hasn't been used as union bonding but studied mostly as the conception of 'mother-child interaction'since 1986. 5) The measurement tool of research was used variously, the Cropley's tool was used in early 1980s, but Walker's MIPS, Barnard's NCAST were used mostly in 1990. 6) Mother-child interaction influence on mother's self-conception, stress, care and feeding of child, frequency of delivery, planned pregnancy and delivery and health condition of child, birth weight, fetal period, period of mother-child life. Aspects of mother-child interaction composed on visual contact, looking at each other, skinship and caress with finger and fingertip. The leading action of mother-child interaction was mostly uttering action. 7) I suggest that the program for professional education is necessary for the establishment of the aspects of mother-child interaction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.469-475
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• 2005

Mother-infant interaction is a crucial component of an infant's cognitive, emotional and behavioral development. Most people are preoccupied with fetal education, the physical conditions of the postpartum mother and baby, and emphasizing an early start in the child's education. However, the effects of a mother's postnatal emotional state on the development of the infant are often overlooked. Postpartum depression is a significant health problem affecting 10-20 percent of new mothers. Recent research findings indicate that the suffering caused by postpartum depression is not limited to these mothers alone; their babies and close family members are vulnerable to short-term and long-term effects as well. This review summarizes the findings of recent research works, in the light of publications within the last seven years.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2001

This study investigated whether infant child care experience, alone or in combination with mother/child factors, is associated with attachment security. Participants were forty 12-to 18-month-old infants and their mothers. Infants were observed in the Strange Situation to assess the pattern of infant-mother attachment; the Observational Ratings of the Caregiving Environment was used to assess the caregiving environment. Mothers were interviewed with the questionnaires and observed in the laboratory "living room". There were significant main effects of maternal sensitivity and responsiveness and of stability of care on attachment security and on insecure/avoidance. Significant interaction effects revealed that infants were more likely to be secure when high maternal sensitivity/responsiveness was combined with good quality child care, non-maternal care initiated prior to six months of age, or care by close relatives.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.26 no.5 s.143
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• pp.43-68
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• 1988

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 1999

This study explored mother-infant interactions during reading of picture books with and without printed words. The interactions of 40 mother-infant dyads(??) were video-taped while mothers read the books aloud to their 1- or 2-year-old child at home. When reading the books with words, mothers used more "where" questions and gave more feedback to the non-verbal behavior of the infants. Mothers gave more labels, descriptions, predictions, and "what", "function/activity" questions when reading the wordless book. The infants used more nonverbal answers reading the book with words. The mothers of the 2-year-olds used more "what", "function/activity" questions, and gave feedback to their verbal behaviors. The 2-year-olds used more imitation, verbal answers, and comments. For the mothers of the 2-year-olds, the interaction with the wordless book led to more attention-recruiting and bridging. For the children, however, reading the wordless book led to more labels, questions, and comments.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2000

This study was described as midwife's role and obstacle of midwife's role expansion. Midwife as primary medical personal who practices for a mother and infant health care and promotion of mother infant interaction. As the trend of increasing natural childbirth, midwifery has to provide childbearing care those who want delivery in a midwifery center. This study conducted to survey for 44 midwives who work at the midwifery center. The results of the study as fellows. 1. Most of the midwives role was care of pregnancy, delivery, postpartum women and babies. Another role was conducted educational classes childbirth, breast feeding, contraception and sexual education. 2. Some midwives role perform breech, vaccum delivery, episiotomy and suture, pitocin induction and augmentation, ultrasonogram, giving medication, anesthesia, collecting specimen from Pap smear and vaginal discharge. Midwife perform these roles without medical law support. 3. Most of the obstacles of the midwife role was the medical law limitation. Midwives want revise medical law to perform simple treatment for childbearing women and babies. 4. Half of the midwives refer cases to medical doctor in case of complication of women and newborns. 5. Current frequency of home birth rate is slightly higher than before and me cases like to have delivery under water. Finally, midwife and midwifery have to prepare to meet childbearing woman, baby and family's need. For activation and expansion of midwife's role, every midwife has to be aware of medical law accurately and they must know what practice they can do and what practice they can not do.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.203-220
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• 2011

The study is aimed at examining the interaction between mothers with high postpartum depression tendencies and their 6 to 8 month old infants. Thirty pairs of infants and mothers with high depression tendencies and another 30 pairs of infants and mothers with low depression scores on the EPDS and K-PSI were selected as the final research subjects from a total of 185 mother-child pairs. They visited a laboratory and agreed to a video-recording which focussed on their infant-mother interaction for approximately 30 minutes. In conclusion, the group of mothers with high depression tendencies showed less positive, and more intrusive interactions and their infants displayed less responsive, less positive expressions than the group of mothers with low depression tendencies. This study is meaningful in that it represents a rare attempt at a qualitative analysis research into the interactions between mothers with postpartum depression and their infants.