• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.391-395
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• 1997

It was proved that both ethanol extracts from Mori Folium from Kangwon do and silk worm had higher inhibition acitivity on $\alpha$-glucohydrolase than the water extracts. In adding above 8.5 (mg/L) of silkworm extracts, the inhibition rate on $\alpha$-1,4 glucosidase was saturated while the inhibition rate was continuously increased in adding the extracts from Moli Folium. It was also found that the diethyl ether fraction showed much better inhibition activity than water fraction from ethanol extracts, yielding ca. 85% of inhibition rate for the extract of Moli Folium, compared to 91% for a commercially available hypoglycemic drug, Chloropropamide. In separating the diethyl ether fractions by Consecutive Sephadex gel filtration and Thin layer chromatography, three and four active spots were obtained from Moli Folium and silkworm, respectively. It is interesting that the similar Rf spots from both species among several spots in TLC have the highest inhibition acitivity on a target enzyme, which can imply that the active substances from both species are same or similar molecular weight and structure. Glucose-lowering activities of both speciese were also examined in vivo, showing that the fraction from Moli Folium had better activity than that from silkworm, and its activity was similar to that of a commercial drug.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.388-395
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• 2002

The growth of enterobacteria, Bifidobacteriurn adolescentis KCTC 3216 was promoted by natural products bearing antioxidative capacity and combined two, three and four kinds of them. B. adolescentis was showed a good growth by Sophorae flos, Phellodendri cofex, Mori cortex radicis, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium, Angelicae gigantis radix, alone, and two mixed combinations were composed of Paeonia japonica and Theae foiium, Epimedii herba and Angelicae gigantis radix, Paeonia japonica and epimedii herba, Atractylodis rhizoma alba and angelicae gigantis radix, and three mixed combinations were oraganized with Theae folium, Paeonia japonica and epimedii herba, Theae folium, Beiamcanda chinensis and Paeonia japonica, Theae foiium, Astragaii radix and Mori cortex radicis, and four mixed combinations were formed with Seiamcanda chinensis, Angelicae gigantis radix, Epimedii herba, Theae folium, and Angeiicae gigantis radix, Epimedii herba, Paeonia japonica, Theae folium, and Epimedii herba, Paeonia japonica, Sophorae flos, Theae folium. The best four mixed combination for the growth of B. adolescentis was mixture of Epimedii herba, Paeonia iaponica, Sophorae flow and Theae foiium, which promoted 2.6 times than that of control, and its antioxidative capacity was also 5.6 times higher, and the ratio of elimination of hydroxyl radical was more than 80% in each dilution rate. As these combinations of natural products will activate some parts of body, they may be applied to pharmaceuitcal applications, functional foods, antiaging tea, also expected to promote useful entero bacterial growth for fermentative beverage bearing multifunction.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2007

Type 2 diabetes mellitus relavant to insulin resistance is a chronic and hard to control. In order to develop an antidiabetic agent from natural products, anti-hyperglycemic effect of herbal formula containing Mori Follium, Euonymi Lignum Suberalatum and Ginseng Radix(MEG) was investigated in db/db mice. Treatment group was administered orally with MEG formula at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 5 weeks, and blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were determined. MEG treatment group showed a marked decrease in fasting blood glucose level and insulin resistance index(IRI) compared to those in diabetic control. Improvement of insulin resistance(60.6%) was indicative of reducing lipid levels in plasma and triglyceride contents in muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, expressions of an insulin responsive gene, glucose transporter 4(Glut4), in muscle and adipose tissue were upregulated in MEG treatment group. Compared islet morphology between groups, MEG formula prevented the ${\beta}$-cell destruction caused by high blood glucose. Taken together, MEG formula can act as an anti-hyperglycemic agent with insulin sensitizing effect, and thus deserves a clinical trial in the future.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.411-415
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• 2002

We compared the hypoglycemic effects of Ginseng Radix Alba (GRA) and Mori Folium (MF) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In order to induce hyperglycemic state 25 mg/kg of STZ was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic control and treatment groups. Treatment groups were administered with either 500 mg/kg of GRA (G500), 500 mg/kg of MF (M500), or 250 mg/kg of GRA mixed with same dose of MF (GM250) for 3 weeks. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured every 5th day. G500 and M500 both significantly reduced blood glucose levels as compared to the diabetic control group (diabetic control, 458.3$\pm$25.4 mg/dl; G500, 275.0$\pm$12.0; M500, 278.0$\pm$15.4; GM250, 324.0$\pm$18.4). While body weight in diabetic control group was decreased slightly after 3 weeks, treatment groups showed gradual increases of body weight during 3 week-period. Plasma insulin level was increased by treatment with GRA, but those levels in M500 and GM250 groups were similar to the diabetic control (normal control, 32.0$\pm$13.9 $\mu$IU/mι; diabetic control, 12.4$\pm$1.9; G500, 17.5$\pm$3.4; M500, 11.1$\pm$3.2; GM250, 10.5$\pm$t3.7). Urine glucose levels were also remarkably reduced in all treatment groups (normal control, 0.0$\pm$0.0 g/day; diabetic control, 11.4$\pm$2.5; G500, 4.9$\pm$0.2; M500, 5.7$\pm$1.6 ; GM250, 8.2$\pm$0.2). At the second and third week of the treatment, food and water intakes were determined. At the third week, food and water intakes were significantly decreased in all treatment groups. Taken together, we may conclude that GRA and MF alone may prevent or delay the development of hyperglycemia, however, synergistic hypoglycemic activity was not be seen in group treated with mixed formula of GRA and MF when compared to GRA or MF alone.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.613-620
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate of Mori Folium Water Extract (MF) on anti-inflammation activity. MF Water extracts after 24 houres cultivation were examined to ascertain the cell viability of mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The influence of the Water extracts in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells treated with LPS was investigated. nitric oxide (NO) production, nterleukin$(IL)-1{\alpha}$ IL-6 and IL-10 increased generation of cytokines. mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells cell viability changes were no decreas after MTT assay of MF Water extract. The MF water extracts inhibited NO generation caused by LPS in the macrophages over $25{\mu}g/mL$. The MF water extracts increased in the control group the $IL-1{\alpha}$ and IL-6 activation generated by LPS in the macrophages over $50{\mu}g/mL$. Accordingly, it was found that different MF water extract concentrations significantly influenced certain anti-inflammation activities in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results of this study are expected to be highly applicable to health - friendly functional materials. Further studies are needed to confirm the signaling pathways associated with anti-inflammation of macrophages through continuous studies.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

Objectives : Recently, numerous studies reported that excessive generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated expression of skin wrinkle related proteins. This study aimed to evaluate inhibits skin wrinkle formation effect of Mori Folium (MF) through decreased AGEs. Methods : To evaluate the skin wrinkle inhibition effect of MF, SD-rats were divided into three groups; normal rats (Nor), AGEs-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induce rats treated with MF at dose of 100mg/kg body weight (MF). To induced AGEs, streptozotocin (50mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and after 3 days, 100mM methyl glyoxal was administered orally for 3 weeks. After the experiment, the animal's dorsal skin tissues and serum were separated and tested. Results : The oral administration of MF suppressed the AGEs level in serum. Also, the AGEs in skin tissues was significantly reduced through treatment of MF compared with control group. Moreover, the expressions of AGEs related proteins such as polyclonal anti-$N^e$-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), anti-$N^e$-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), AGE receptors (RAGE) were reduced in MF group compared with the control group in kidney and skin tissues. The matrix metallo proteinase-1 (MMP-1) reduced by MF treatment with the result that collagen type 1 alpha 2 (COL1A2) was improved that reduced by accumulation of AGEs. Conclusion : The evidence of this study indicate that oral administration of MF reduces the levels of AGEs in serum, skin, and kidney tissues. In conclusion, MF inhibit skin wrinkle formation, suggesting the potential of anti-wrinkle material.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects water extract of fermented new korean medicinal mixture, combinations of Mori Folium, Adenophorae Radix, Phllostachyos Folium and Citri Pericarpium (F-MAPC), on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and glucose uptake using undiffernentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myoblasts. Methods : Each herb and those mixture were respectively fermented and then extracted with water. We carried on MTT assay for check-up on cell toxicity, Oil Red O staining for determination of cell differentiation and intracelluar adipogenesis. Western blot analysis for measurement of pAMPK and pACC, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and Glut-4 protein expressions were performed. Results : F-MAPC showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without affecting cell toxicity as assessed by measuring fat accumulation, and this effect was 2 fold higher in 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC than that of the same dose of each fermented herbal extract alone. In addition, these effects were associated with modulation of adipogenic transcription factors, such as $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, as well as stimulated phosphorylations of AMPK and ACC. Translocation of Glut-4 was significantly increased by 10.2% in L6 cells treated with 0.2 mg/ml F-MAPC compared with that of control. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that F-MAPC may be an ideal candidate for therapy of obesity and diabetes by disturbing the differentiation into adipocytes, as well as the inducement of intramuscular glucose uptake from blood.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.173.1-173.1
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• 1991

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2003

Mulberry, Mori folium leaves (ML) and fruits (MF), Lycii fructus (LF), and Panax ginseng have been known to maintain normal blood sugar levels (BSL) in folk medicine. Here we investigated the effects of coated rice with these herb extract to diabetic patients. Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (DB) mice (80 mg/kg BW., i.v.) separated into 3 groups. One group received the extract in high dose (6.5 mg/kg B.W.), and another one group received in low dose (1.3 mg/kg B.W.) perorally for 30 days. (+) control received no extracts. (-) control received neither of them. BSL, volume of water consumed (VWC), body weights (BW) of each group were measured and compared. BSL in both of the extracts-received groups got close to normal levels on 4th week after starting the experiments. VWC also showed the same pattern. BSL in (+) control remained high through the experiment periods. BW in (+) control remained high, but those in the extracts-received groups recovered to normal levels. The clinical trials for both of healthy volunteers and DB patients, conducted in a University Hospital, also showed that the rice coated with the extracts could control the BSL. From these results, we suggest that the functional rice with herb extracts could be used as a new alimentotherapy for DB patients.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

In order to find out hypoglycemic constituents from natural resources, Korean medicinal plants being used for the treatments of diabetes mellitus were tested with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. From the above screening, the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction of 80% methanol extracts of Morus alba leaves showed hypoglycemic activity. The $CH_2Cl_2$fraction was chromatographed on silica gel, resulting in 9 subfractions, and tested hypoglycemic activity. The subfraction which had a strong hypoglycemic activity was rechromatographed and two galactolipids (compounds 1 and 2) were isolated along with a triterpene (compound 3) from other fractions. On the basis of spectroscopic data, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis and enzyme hydrolysis results, compounds 1, 2 and 3 were identified as $1-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octatrienoyl)-2-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octatrienoyl)-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl$ glycerol, $2(R)-1-O-octadecanoyl-2-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octatrienoyl)-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl$ glycerol, and $3{\beta}-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene$ acetate, respectively. Compound 2 (1mg/kg p.o.) has approximately 16% hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.