• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2004

Compatibility test of the 115 world-wide collections of Ganoderma strains including 61 of Korean origin, were performed by di-mon mating with tester strains G. lucidum G001-1 ($A_1B_1$) and G. tsugae 1109-16 ($A_1B_1$). Unexpected results were found in that 75 strains, formerly considered to be G. lucidum exhibited clamp connections in mating with the tester 1109-16. This observation suggests that these strains require further examination prior to taxonomic classification. Interestingly, this compatibility could be confirmed more easily by the finding of distinct confrontation line between two strains on plate.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2016

The growth area of living modified (LM) cotton has steadily increased every year, since its first commercialization in 1996. Development of environmental risk assessment tools and techniques for LM cotton is required for ecosystem safety. We therefore developed multiplex PCR assays for simultaneous detection of two (MON15985, MON531) and four (GHB614, LLCOTTON25, MON88913 and MON1445) LM cotton events approved in Korea, with event specific primer pairs. The PCR reactions were optimized by using event specific primers of six LM cottons at various concentrations. The reactions allows amplification of estimated amplicons of MON15985 (214 bp), MON531 (270 bp), GHB614 (119 bp), LLCOTTON25 (164 bp), MON88913 (276 bp), and MON1445 (389 bp) from multiplex PCR reactions. The multiplex PCR assay developed allowed that two annealing steps (15 cycles at $55^{\circ}C$ and 25 cycles at $60^{\circ}C$) were performed for amplification of distinguished two LM cottons, and only one annealing step (50 cycles at $60^{\circ}C$) was necessary for tetraplex PCR. Primer extension step of all PCR reactions was skipped for time-effective amplification. Our methods suggest that two multiplex PCR assays can be cost-effective and a rapid diagnostic tool for environmental LMO monitoring of six LM cottons.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.486-493
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• 2017

The effects of slaughter age (28, 32, or 38 mon) on the proximate composition, collagen content, fatty acid composition, amino acid content, and mineral contents of horse leg bone (femur and tibia) extracts (HLBE) obtained from Jeju crossbred horses (n=14) in Korea. HLBE was extracted for 24 h with boiling water. At those ages, the respective proximate compositions of the HLBE were found as follows: 5.20-6.42% crude protein; fat 0.61-1.65% crude; and 0.10-0.22% crude ash. At 32 and 38 mon, the HLBE showed higher levels of both crude protein and collagen than at 28 mon. The major fatty acids of the horse leg bone extract powder (HLBP) were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Palmitoleic acid and the essential fatty acids were higher in the HLBP at 38 mon compared to that at 28 mon. Nearly all the amino acids were found at higher levels in the HLBP at 38 mon than at 28 mon, except histidine. The P, K, Zn, Se and Fe contents in the HLBP increased significantly with age. These results suggest that some nutrients in the HLBE increase with age, and that extracts from horses older than 32 mon would be more nutritious for human consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

In this paper we made energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment and general apartment in Busan metropolitan city and compared energy consumption characteristics by building envelope. The monthly electricity consumption units of general apartment were shown in the range of $1.16{\sim}1.51kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ which were indicated higher value in January, February, August and September with little variation. On the other hand, in case of glass curtain wall type apartment, monthly electricity consumption units were represented in the range of $1.91{\sim}7.07kWh/m^2{\cdot}mon$ with significant fluctuations monthly, which were outstandingly high in July, August and September. The monthly city gas consumption units of general apartment were found to be in the range of $1.79{\sim}18.07MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $0.94{\sim}19.91MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. City gas consumption units from December to March were shown highly in both type apartments. The monthly energy consumption units of general apartment were found to be within $14.23{\sim}30.69MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$, while glass curtain wall type apartment were within $24.49{\sim}68.9MJ/m^2{\cdot}mon$. Energy consumption units of glass curtain wall type apartment were suggested 4.84 times higher than those of general apartment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical and sensory properties of loin (m. longissimus dorsi) and top round (m. semimembranosus) beef from 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12 mon-old Holstein calves. For both loin and top round muscles, the moisture contents were decreased, whereas the protein and fat contents were increased, as the slaughtering age increased. In terms of meat color, for both muscle types, CIE $L^*$ values were decreased, whereas CIE $a^*$ values and myoglobin content increased as the slaughtering age increased. pH values were significantly higher in the 3 mon-old group than in the other groups. The Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values were lowest for loin muscles from the 12 mon-old group; however, there was no significant difference for top round muscle among the 4 age groups. Cooking loss for both loin and top round muscles were significantly higher for the 3 mon-old group than for the other groups. The water holding capacity (WHC) of both muscles were highest for the 12 mon-old groups (p<0.05). In fatty acid composition of the 12 mon-old groups, loin muscles had significantly higher levels of C14:0, C16:1n7, C18:1n9, and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and top round muscles had significantly higher levels of C16:1n7, C18:1n7, C18:1n9, MUFA, MUFA/SFA. Loin muscle from the 3- and 12 mon-old groups had significantly higher scores for tenderness and overall likeness. Top round muscle from the 9- and 12 mon-old groups had significantly higher scores for overall likeness than those from the other age groups.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1273-1278
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• 2009

This study aimed to evaluate the potential allergenicity of Cry proteins in insect-resistant genetically modified (GM) maizes (Bt11, MON810, and MON863) using serum screening tests. Serum samples were obtained from Korean children (0-15 years old) with allergic symptoms who had positive maize-specific IgE. The levels of serum specific IgE was measured by the Phadia ImmunoCAP system and considered as positive when they are 0.35 kU/L or higher. Cry proteins (Cry1Ab in Bt11, mCry1Ab in MON810, and Cry3Bb1 in MON863) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified for serum screening. The reactivity of purified Cry proteins was confirmed by IgE immunoblots in 50 patients (maize-sensitized patients). There was no reaction between Cry proteins and sera from maize-sensitized patients. Our results suggest that these Cry proteins are not likely to cause allergic reactions. Further studies using more sera from patients with true clinical allergies are needed to evaluate the potential allergenicity of novel proteins in GM maize.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.173-188
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• 2017

This study explores the gender status of $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ Series by analyzing the aspects of male/male-dominated $Pok{\acute{e}}mons$ and female/female-dominated $Pok{\acute{e}}mons$. Counting from the First Generation to the Seventh Generation $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$, there are 802 characters. Each $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ has different gender ratio; the one $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ could have more "possibility" to become male, female, equal, or genderless when he/she is born. This study examines those $Pok{\acute{e}}mons$ in three criteria: 1) Frequency 2) Stats 3) Diversification of Type, and it compares them based on their gender. $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ Series is different than other video games as it provides many characters ($Pok{\acute{e}}mons$). Thus, it helps the audience to view the gender status of video game characters more closely and meaningfully.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.633-639
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical properties of striploin (m. longissimus dorsi), chuck tender (m. supraspinatus) and eye of round (m. semitendinosus) of Holstein steer beef produced from different fattening groups (18, 21, 24 mon-old). The intramuscular fat contents were significantly higher in striploin (9.14%) and eye of round (4.31%) from 24 mon-old groups when compared to the same cuts (6.53% and 2.63%) from 18 mon-old groups, respectively. Three muscles from 18 mon-old group had significantly higher moisture contents (%) than those from the other groups (p<0.05). The protein contents were significantly higher in chuck tender (19.39%) and eye of round (21.09%) from 24 mon-old group than 18- and 21 mon-old groups (p<0.05). There were not significantly different in collagen contents among three fattening groups. In meat color, striploin, chuck tender and eye of round from 21 mon-old group had significantly higher CIE $L^*$ (41.77), $a^*$ (20.98) and $b^*$ (10.87) values than those from the other groups (p<0.05). Warner-Bratzler shear force values (WBS) for three muscles were significantly lower in 24 mon-old group than the other groups (p<0.05). The oleic acids (C18:1n9) contents of three muscles from 24 mon-old group were highest (p<0.05) among three groups. Total contents of MUFA were significantly higher and total contents of PUFA including arachidonic acids (C20:4n6) were significantly lower in chuck tender and eye of round muscles from 24 mon-old group (p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.183-203
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• 2002

To know the effect of index of social ability (ISA) and function of social life (FSL) with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), we carried out a study on the elderly with osteoarthritis daily living in Daegu city for 4 months, from April to July 2002. The followings were observed: 1. The score of functional disability of knee, ADL and ISA were better at lower age (p < 0.01). 2. The younger they are, the better FSL they have. The lower age group has good FSL (p < 0.01). 3. Weight affects more to the under 49Kg group than 50-59Kg group and 60-69Kg group in functional disability of knee, while it doesn't make much difference for the other groups (p > 0.05) and other assessment index doesn't show any relationship with weight. 4. Regarding relat ionship with height , taller group has better knee functions: it's proved by post hock examination that the over 160cm group has much higher knee function than the other groups (p < 0.05). In case of ADL, the over 160cm group and under 149cm group were better than 150$\∼$159cm group. (p < 0.01) . 5. ISA was also different depending on height . It was proved that FSL was the better for the over 160cm group than for the others as a result of post hock examination (p < 0.05). 6. In regard of how many months have passed since the attack of functional disability of knee, knee joint function was better for the 12mon$\∼$36mon group than for the others and the score of ADL was lower for the 12mon$\∼$36mon group than for the others (p < 0.01). ISA was lower for the 12mon$\∼$36mon group and the under 6mon group than for the other groups (p < 0.01). FSL was lower for the 12mon$\∼$36mon group and the under 6mon group than the other groups. (p < 0.01). 7. Comparing left knee with right one, the problem with left knee has lower score of functional disability in all items (p < 0.01). 8. Considering friction noise, knee joint function was slightly better for non-friction noise-group, but it's not statistically significant though. ADL and ISA were better for non-friction noise-group (p < 0.01), while no statistical significance was found in FSL, 9. Knee joint function was better for the group who doesn't have limitation on range of knee flexion motion (p,0.05) but no other difference was found in other items from this group. 10. Limitation on range of knee flexion motion has no statistical difference in ADL and FSL. However, ISA was better for the non-limitation group (p < 0.05) . 11. Knee joint function score has high correlation with ISA (r=0.812, p < 0.01) and FSL (r=0.732, p < 0.01) , which shows the better knee joint function, the higher the score. 12. ISA and FSL were highly correlated: the better ISA, the better FSL (r=0.893, p < 0.01), while ADL has no correlation with either knee joint function or ISA or FSL.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

It has been a year since the $Pok{\acute{e}}monGo$ has been released. Over the past year, the $Pok{\acute{e}}monGo$ have become a social phenomenon. This study analyzes the dual characteristics play of the original $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ game. The Pocket Monster game, which has both casual and hardcore capabilities, has a broader player base and enjoys popularity for 20 years, satisfying the requirement of easy and convenient access, which is an advantage of casual games. In addition, the rating battle system of $Pok{\acute{e}}mon$ game turns casual play into hardcore play. In this paper, we analyze the dual play characteristics of longevity games such as Pocket Monsters, and propose strategies and directions for game development that can survive long term in the competitive game market.