• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2015

A text-based communication system has been developed with a communication function on AIS and display and input function on ECDIS as a way to complement voice communication. It features no linguistic error and is not affected by VHF restrictions on use and noise. The text communication system is designed to use messages for clear intentions and further improves convenience of users by using various UI through software. It works without additional hardware installation and modification and can transmit a sentence by selecting only via Message Banner Interface without keyboard input and furthermore has a advantage to enhance processing speed through its own message coding and decoding. It is determined as the most useful alternative to reduce language limitations and recognition errors of the user and solve the problem of various voice communications on VHF. In addition, it will help to prevent collisions between ships with decrease in VHF use, accurate communication and request of cooperation based on text at heavy traffic areas.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.639-647
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• 2018

A common core network is the one of main architectural principles in 3GPP 5G System which has common interfaces with different multiple accesses. 3GPP 5G System Phase 1 (Release 15) supports Untrusted Non-3GPP access as well as 3GPP access with common interfaces. Non-3GPP Interworking Function (N3IWF) has been defined to interface with a UE and a core network for supporting Untrusted Non-3GPP access in 3GPP Release 15. However, interworking with Trusted Non-3GPP access is under study to be completed in 3GPP 5G System Phase 2 (Release 16). Therefore, this paper proposes a Trusted Non-3GPP access network architecture and related signaling procedures, and then the implementation based on the proposal shows how to interwork between Trusted Non-3GPP access and the 5G core network. In our proposal, N3IWF can interwork with either Untrusted or Trusted Non-3GPP access without any architectural modification or addition of 3GPP 5G system Phase 1.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2009

The antennae of millipedes have a prominent function in detecting various types of environmental stimuli, and structural modification of the antennae is closely associated with the degree of sense recognition. Although the biological significance of the antennal sensillae to millipedes are widely understood, the structure and function of the antennal sensillae are still not clear and more precise analysis is required. We have analysed the ultrastructural characteristics of the antennal sensillae in a millipede Anaulaciulus koreanus koreanus using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). According to their morphological and substructural features, we could identify three different types of antennal sensillae as follows: trichoid sensilla (TS), chaetiform sensilla (CS) and basiconic sensilla (BS). The TS on the articles are long, blunt-tipped, almost straight hairs with deep longitudinal grooves in their lower parts whereas, the CS are long, sickleshaped bristles with longitudinal grooves acuminating toward the tip. The BS can be subdivided further into three subtypes which are the large-sized basiconic sensilla ($BS_1$), the small-sized basiconic sensillae ($BS_2$) and the spiniform basiconic sensillae ($BS_3$). The BS between the terminal segment and distal margins of the other segments are clearly discriminated in this species.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2018

Objective: This is aprospective clinical case study that includes the administration of Ahnjeonbaekho-tang (AJBHT) to patients who have suffered from Graves' disease for the 8 weeks of the clinical research. Methods: Without administration of an antithyroid drug, AJBHT was administered 3 times a day for 8 weeks. In Case 1, AJBHT without modification was administered and in Case 2, in accordance with the patients' symptoms, a dose of Gypsum Fibrosum was increased by 4g from the beginning of week 2, and further increased by 16 g, for a total of 20 g between week 6 and week 8. Body mass index (BMI), thyroid function test (TFT), thyroid autoantibody test, complete blood cell count (CBC), and blood chemistry (BC) tests were conducted at an interval of 4 weeks, for a total of 3 times during the study. The clinical manifestations, a spectrum of symptoms of the patients, was observed by Wayne's Index, Euro-QOL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: In both cases, an acceptable significance of reduction of value in T3, fT4, Thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) and Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TSH-R-Ab) was observed. After treatment, in TFT, T3 decreased by 31.66%, fT4 decreased by 32.82% in Case 1, and T3 decreased by 43.42%, and fT4 decreased by 37.32% in Case 2. In the thyroid autoantibody test, TSAb decreased by 7.59%, and TSH-R-Ab decreased by 53.19% in Case 1, and TSAb decreased by 33.45%, TSH-R-Ab decreased by at least 7.75% in Case 2. Besides this, there was a decreasing trend of Wayne's index, and a loss of typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism also declared the efficacy. Conclusion: From these results, AJBHT is very effective in the regulation of TFT and improving the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and is also expected to be an effective alternative to antithyroid drugs for patients who have side effects or drug intolerance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.712-716
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• 2010

Purpose: Extensive lumbosacral defects after removal of spinal tumors have a high risk of wound healing problems. Therefore it is an effective reconstructive strategy to provide preemptive soft tissue coverage at the time of initial spinal surgery, especially when there is an instrument exposure. For soft tissue reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect, a variation of the gluteal flap is the first-line choice. However, the musculocutaneous flap or muscle flap that is conventionally used, has many disadvantages. It damages gluteus muscle and causes functional disturbance in ambulation, has a short pedicle which limits areas of coverage, and can damage perforators, limiting further surgery that is usually necessary in spinal tumor patients. In this article, we present the superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap that reconstructs complex lumbosacral defects successfully, especially one that has instrument exposure, without damaging the ambulatory function of the patient. Methods: A 67 year old man presented with sacral sarcoma. Sacralectomy with L5 corpectomy was performed and resulted in a $15{\times}8\;cm$ sized complex soft tissue defect in the lumbosacral area. There was no defect in the skin. Sacral stabilization with alloplastic fibular bone graft and reconstruction plate was done and the instruments were exposed through the wound. A $18{\times}8\;cm$ sized superior gluteal artery perforator flap was designed based on the superior gluteal artery perforator and deepithelized. It was turned over 180 degrees into the lumbosacral dead space. Soft tissue from both sides of the wound was approximated over the flap and this provided in double padding over the instrument. Results: No complications such as hematoma, flap necrosis, or infection occurred. Until three months after the resection, functional disturbances in walking were not observed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan shows the flap volume was well maintained over the instrument. Conclusion: This superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap, a modification of the conventional superior gluteal artery perforator flap, is a simple method that enabled the successful reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect with instrument exposure without affecting ambulatory function.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigated the effect of dietary fat sources on renal senescence in aged rats. Seventeen month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups according to urinary protein excretion. Four month old rats were used as a control group. The rats were fed one of three different experimental diets ; 20% beef tallow, 20% corn oil 20% fish oil diet. They were fed experimental diets ad libitum for 16 weeks . The results are summarized as follows. Serum lipid concentrations were higher in aged rats than in control rats, with the beef tallow group showing the highest level, followed by the corn oil and fish oil groups. Old rats showed higher HDL and lower LDL levels than the control groups. Age and dietary fat had no effect on VLDL. GFR for the both age groups were increased with experimental period with the beef tallow group showing the highest value. Urinary protein excretion was also increased with experimental period in both age groups. There was a large increase in urinary protein in old rats that were fed beef tallow and corn oil, but not in old rats fed fish oil. On the contrary , the effect of dietary fat on urinary protein was not found in control groups. There was individual susceptibility in the effect of dietary fat on urinary protein. Old rats fed beef tallow with high initial urinary protein showed highest increase, but , the change was not significant in rats with a low initial value . It was also found that the increase was kept low in rats of the fish oil group with high initial urinary protein. The corn oil group showed in between values. There were no differences in urine and renal tissue concentrations of TXB2 . Aged rats showed a tendency of having higher urinary PGE2 excretion and lower renal cortex content. Since higher PGE2 excretion was reported to be associated with decreased renal function, this might suggest that the aged rats show renal function reduction. Light microscopic examination showed that glomerular segmental sclerosis, mesangial matrix expansion and tubular atrophy were more frequently present in aged rats, and that these changes were more significant in the beef tallow group, followed by corn oil and fish oil groups. The percentage of urinary protein excretion was increased in aged rats in association with increased glomerular sclerosis and mesangial matrix . This change could be partly due to a change in eicosanoids metabolism . Therefore, modification of dietary fat could affect the eicosanoids metabolism in kidney and renal senescence.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to study how to apply block-chain technology to prevent data forgery and alteration in the defense sector of AI(Artificial intelligence). AI is a technology for predicting big data by clustering or classifying it by applying various machine learning methodologies, and military powers including the U.S. have reached the completion stage of technology. If data-based AI's data forgery and modulation occurs, the processing process of the data, even if it is perfect, could be the biggest enemy risk factor, and the falsification and modification of the data can be too easy in the form of hacking. Unexpected attacks could occur if data used by weaponized AI is hacked and manipulated by North Korea. Therefore, a technology that prevents data from being falsified and altered is essential for the use of AI. It is expected that data forgery prevention will solve the problem by applying block-chain, a technology that does not damage data, unless more than half of the connected computers agree, even if a single computer is hacked by a distributed storage of encrypted data as a function of seawater.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.296-305
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• 2016

Narrow zone of attached gingiva and shallow vestibule around the implants might contribute to difficulty of cleasing, periimplant mucositis caused by incomplete cleansing and further peri-implantitis. The aim of this case report is to present modification of soft tissue biotype around the implants by free gingival grafts according to timing of surgical intervention and shape of free gingiva. A 44 year-old male patient had a missing area on lower right second molar area with 1 to 2 mm of narrow attached gingiva zone and wanted to be treated by implant placement. In radiographic analysis, there was enough alveolar bone to install an implant, free gingiva from hard palate was grafted following implant placement using double layer flap. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 5 months of follow up. A 69 year-old female patient also had a missing area on lower right first and second molar area with 1 to 2 mm narrow attached gingiva. Since she had systematically angina pectoris and dental phobia, minimal invasive free gingival graft after implants placement was planned. After 2 months of implant surgery, free gingival graft surgery was performed with healing abutments connection. The grafted gingiva was composed of two strip shaped free gingiva, and they were immobilized by periodontal pack. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 10 months of follow up. With prosthesis delivery, the patients recovered ideal periodontal environment around implants and masticatory function. In conclusion, periodontal health and masticatory function could be achieved through implant placement and free gingival graft.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

This paper describes a development of system that enables the user to manage and display from 3D viewer after at real-time saves attribute informations in DBMS using RTK systems and 3D game engines. The 3-dimensional game engines for this system will be input a attribute values of underground utilities which is measured from RTK systems with wireless network. This system which sees does to make be a possibility of managing creation, elimination, modification for the underground utilities from 3-dimensional viewer. The coordinates about the underground utilities measures with GPS. The base reference point for RTK systems uses one in reference points which are measured in existing. GPS coordinates revised a reference point in standard. The 3-dimensional game engines are having the function which manages the underground utilities with 3-dimensions. The function is the same as wireless network of RTK systems, 3-dimensional display for terrain and underground utilities, input and registration for attribute of underground utilities, etc. The system which sees will be able to prevent the various accident which is caused by in the spatial location coordinate which underground utilities is inaccurate. And the system which sees is accurate is a possibility of managing and the application possibility is high very. Finally, this system could be applied very usefully from the point of view which starts a new town development.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.354-365
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety and effect on glucose level of Bojungikgi-tang in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: To review patients' clinical characteristics and laboratory tests retrospectively, we investigated 15 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who took Bojungikgi-tang at Kyung Hee University Korean Medical Hospital for at least one day between January 2012 and December 2022. The blood glucose levels, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-hour postprandial glucose (PP2) levels, and glycated hemoglobin level, were collected to determine the effect of the Bojungikgi-tang on blood sugar changes. Furthermore, to evaluate the safety of Bojungikgi-tang, hepatic function and renal function tests were implemented, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate. Results: When Bojungikgi-tang and a standard treatment for diabetes were administered for patients with type 2 diabetes, it was confirmed that there were no statistically significant changes in FBS and PP2 levels in the analysis of each medication taken. There was no significant difference in the safety profile after taking Bojungikgi-tang. Conclusions: The combined administration of Bojungikgi-tang with standard hypoglycemic medication for patients with type 2 diabetes may not affect blood glucose levels and safety.