• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 2014

Spermatid differentiations during spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructures in male Mercenaria stimpsoni were investigated by transmission electron microscopic observations. In the early stage of the spermatid during spermiogenesis, a few granules and a proacrosomal granule, which is formed by the Golgi complex, become a proacrosomal vesicle. Consequently, it becomes an acrosome by way of the process of acrosome formation. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome of this species have a curved cylindrical type and cap shape, respectively. The spermatozoon is approximately $48-51{\mu}m$ in length including a curved cylinderical sperm nucleus (about $4.18{\mu}m$ long), an acrosome (about $0.52{\mu}m$ in length) and tail flagellum ($42-45{\mu}m$ long). As some ultrastructural characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle, the peripheral parts of two basal rings show electron opaque part (region), while the apex part of the acrosome shows electron lucent part (region). These charateristics of the sperm belong to the family Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta, unlike a characteristic of the subclass Pteriomorphia showing all part of the acrosome being composed of electron opaque part (region). Therefore, it is easy to distinguish the families or the subclasses by the acrosome structures. Exceptionally, In particular, a cylinder-like nucleus of the sperm is curved (the angle of the nucleus is about $80^{\circ}$), as seen in some species of Veneridae (range from $0^{\circ}$ to $80^{\circ}$). The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species are four, as one of common characteristics appeared in most species except for a few species in Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta. Cross-sectioned axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum shows a 9+2 structure.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 1988

효소와 기계적인 힘을 이용하여 얻어진 심장세포를 심근세포와 내피세포를 분리하여 48시간 배양한 후 양군으로 나눠서 관찰하였다. 실험군은 배양중에 10% DMSO에 1시간 처리하였고 DMSO를 처리하지 않고 계속 배양한 것을 대조군으로 하였다. DMSO효과를 관찰하기 위하여 도립현미경하에서 세포의 형태, 수축능력, 증식 능력등을 관찰하였고, 심근세포에서는 succinate dehydrogenase 반응으로 사립체의 증감을 대조군과 비교하였고, 심장내과세포에서는 thiamine pyrophosphatase의 반응으로 Golgi의 양을 대조군으로 비교하였다. 실험 결과를 요약하연 다음과 같다. 1. DMSO에 의하여 심근세포는 분화된 형태로 모양이 길어졌고 사립체의 증가에 의해 succinate dehydrogenase의 반응이 대조군보마 강하게 나타났다. 2. DMSO에 의해 심근세포는 근세섬유의 파괴와 혼란이 초래되었고 이로 인하여 수축능력이 감소되었다. 3. 심장내과 세포는 DMSO에 의해 세포증식이 감소되고 고유기능이 강조되어 Golgi의 표지효소안 thiamine pyrophosphatase의 반응이 대조군보다 강하였다. 4. 심장내과세포는 DMSO의 세포접착력 소실과 운동성 소실작용에 의해 배양중 많은 세포의 손실이 초래되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.5023-5028
• /
• 2014

Sendai virus strain Tianjin is a novel genotype. Here, we investigate the antitumor and proapoptotic effects of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus strain Tianjin (UV-Tianjin) on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, as well as the involvement of the apoptotic pathway in the mechanism of UV-Tianjin-induced antitumor effects. MTT assays showed that treatment with UV-Tianjin dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells but not normal MCF 10A breast epithelium cells. Hoechst staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that UV-Tianjin induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UV-Tianjin treatment resulted in reduction in the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and release of cytochrome complex (cyt c) via regulation of Bax and Bcl-2, as well as activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, Fas, FasL and caspase-8 in MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, our study suggests that UV-Tianjin exhibits anticancer activity in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through inducing apoptosis, which may involve both the endogenous mitochondrial and exogenous death receptor pathways.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Colbe) (Cetoniidae, Coleoptera) 유충의 혈림프에 존재하는 혈구세포들의 형태학적 특성분석을 위하여 수행하였다. 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 혈강 내에는 과립혈구세포, 세포질혈구세포, 편도혈구세포, 구상적혈구세포, 전혈구세포, 지방혈구세포 총 여섯 종류의 혈구세포들이 관찰 되었다. 그 중 과립혈구세포는 핵, 미토콘드리아, 골지체를 포함하여 잘 발달된 세포소기관들이 관찰 되었고 외래물질 침입시 면역학적 식균작용을 수행하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히, 과립혈구세포의 세포질에는 잘 발달된 리소좀(<$1{\mu}m$ 직경)들이 세포막 주변으로 분포되어 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 식균된 외래물질은 다양한 크기의 리소좀들과 서로 합쳐지면서 외래물질을 제거하는 것으로 판단된다. 그 외 다섯 종의 혈구세포들은 외래물질 침입시 면역학적 활성화와 관계가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제40권11호
• /
• pp.828-836
• /
• 2017

Eukaryotic cells consist of a complex network of thousands of proteins present in different organelles where organelle-specific cellular processes occur. Identification of the subcellular localization of a protein is important for understanding its potential biochemical functions. In the post-genomic era, localization of unknown proteins is achieved using multiple tools including a fluorescent-tagged protein approach. Several fluorescent-tagged protein organelle markers have been introduced into dicot plants, but its use is still limited in monocot plants. Here, we generated a set of multicolored organelle markers (fluorescent-tagged proteins) based on well-established targeting sequences. We used a series of pGWBs binary vectors to ameliorate localization and co-localization experiments using monocot plants. We constructed different fluorescent-tagged markers to visualize rice cell organelles, i.e., nucleus, plastids, mitochondria, peroxisomes, golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and tonoplast, with four different fluorescent proteins (FPs) (G3GFP, mRFP, YFP, and CFP). Visualization of FP-tagged markers in their respective compartments has been reported for dicot and monocot plants. The comparative localization of the nucleus marker with a nucleus localizing sequence, and the similar, characteristic morphology of mCherry-tagged Arabidopsis organelle markers and our generated organelle markers in onion cells, provide further evidence for the correct subcellular localization of the Oryza sativa (rice) organelle marker. The set of eight different rice organelle markers with four different FPs provides a valuable resource for determining the subcellular localization of newly identified proteins, conducting co-localization assays, and generating stable transgenic localization in monocot plants.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.159-170
• /
• 2004

한국산 다람쥐(Tamias sibiricus)의 정자변태 과정을 투과전자현미경으로 조사하였다. 정자변태는 첨체변화와 핵의 형태의 특징을 기초로 하여 골지기, 두모기, 첨체기, 성숙기 그리고 이탈기로 구분하였고, 골지 두모 첨체기는 각각 전 중 후기, 성숙기는 전 후기, 이탈기는 1기로 세분하였다. 따라서 다람쥐(Tamias sibiricus)의 정자변태는 12기(phases)로 구분되어졌다. 골지기(steps 1-3)의 경우, 잘 발달된 골지복합체는 첨체소포가까이에 위치하고, 첨체소포는 3단계에서 핵막과 융합하여 함입되어있다. 두모기(steps 4-6)에서는, 첨체소포가 핵의 표면 위에 넓게 퍼지며 핵의 1/3을 덮고, 첨체과립은 아직 분산되지 않았다. 첨체기(steps 7-9)동안에 있어서, 핵과 첨체는 신장되었으나 핵질은 농축되지 않았다. 성숙기(steps 10-11)에서는 핵질이 더욱 농축되어 졌으며, 미토콘드리아들은 축사의 중심에 완전하게 배열되어졌다. 이탈기(step 12)에서 정자머리는 완전하게 주걱형태의 모양을 갖추고 있었다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.298-305
• /
• 2011

Most intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide anion ($O_2^{{\bullet}_-}$) that is converted from oxygen, are overproduced by excessive electron leakage from the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Intracellular oxidative stress that damages cellular components can contribute to lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and arteriosclerosis, and age-related diseases such as cancer and neuronal degenerative diseases. We have previously demonstrated that the excessive mitochondrial $O_2^{{\bullet}_-}$ production caused by SDHC mutations (G71E in C. elegans, I71E in Drosophila and V69E in mouse) results in premature death in C. elegans and Drosophila, cancer in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and infertility in transgenic mice. SDHC is a subunit of mitochondrial complex II. In humans, it has been reported that mutations in SDHB, SDHC or SDHD often result in inherited head and neck paragangliomas (PGLs). Recently, we established Tet-mev-1 conditional transgenic mice using our uniquely developed Tet-On/Off system, which equilibrates transgene expression to endogenous levels. These mice experienced mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction that resulted in $O_2^{{\bullet}_-}$ overproduction. The mitochondrial oxidative stress caused excessive apoptosis leading to low birth weight and growth retardation in the neonatal developmental phase in Tet-mev-1 mice. Here, we briefly describe the relationships between mitochondrial $O_2^{{\bullet}_-}$ and aging phenomena in mev-1 animal models

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.39-58
• /
• 1975

These studies were carried out to detect the presence of mycotoxin producing fungi in various kind of grains and foodstuffs in Korea. The experiments were divided into three parts: bacteriologic, toxicologic and electron microscopic studies. The results were summarized as follows: 1. From the 133 various samples, 426 colonies of fungi were isolated. In 405 of 426 colonies, it was possible to identify 17 genera. Among the identified strains, the predominant genera were Penicillium, Aspergillus and Alternaria. 2. In cytotoxicity test, 20 strains showed mild to severe toxic effects in mice and 24 strains showed toxic effects on HeLa cells among the 107 strains of experiments. 3. In electron microscopic studies of liver cells from animal which had been treated with toxin like substances, the liver cells showed the cytoplasmic changes: dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria, disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, increased number of lipid and glycogen particles. Nucleus and nuclear envelope alterations were also noted. 4. In fine structure of HeLa cells treated with culture filtrates of mycotoxin producing fungi and experimental strains had been noted a certain specific changes induced by culture filtrates. These alterations showed the disappearance of golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum vacuolization and mitochondrial changes. 5. As a mass screening, the cytotoxicity tests of HeLa cells and histopathologic study of mice liver cells treated with toxin-like substances, employed are feasible to detect mycotoxin producing fungi.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2015

꼬막 소화맹낭의 해부학적 구조와 미세구조를 광학 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 기재하였다. 소화맹낭은 생식소 위쪽에 위치하며, 일차소관으로 위와 연결되어 있었다. 소화맹낭은 다수의 소화선세관들로 구성되며, 각각의 소화선세관은 단층 상피층으로 호염기성세포와 소화세포들로 이루어져 있었다. 호염기성세포는 원주형으로 소화세포에 비해 전자밀도가 높았다. 세포질에는 잘 발달된 조면소포체, 관상의 미토콘드리아, 골지체 및 전자밀도가 높고 막을 가진 분비과립들을 함유하고 있었다. 소화세포는 세 가지 종류 (A, B, C) 로 구분 할 수 있었는데 이들 소화세포들은 세포형태, 전자밀도, 세포소기관의 발달 차이를 보였으나 자유면에서 섬모와 미세융모의 발달 및 세포질의 용해소체는 세 가지 상피세포에서 동일하게 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서 이러한 결과는 소화선세관의 호염기성세포와 소화세포는 각각 세포외 소화와 세포내 소화에 적당하게 분화되었음을 의미한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.519-535
• /
• 1997

The responses of human pulp fibroblastic cells to Ga-As Semi-Conductor-Dens-Bio Laser (Frequency: 5 Hz~10,000 Hz Model: SD-101A RCA, U.SA)) were examined in vitro using pulp fibroblastic cells obtained from the pulp tissue of human tooth. The mitogenic effect of soft laser was assessed by measuring the MTT assay. The morphologic effect for soft laser showed under the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results as follows; 1. The mitogenic response of the soft laser was not observed until 4th time of radiation, while the mitogenic response at 4th time increased mitogenic effect by as much as 1.7 fold compared to the control value. 2. The mitogenic response of the soft laser on pulp fibroblast differ from the mitogenic response on other fibroblasts. 3. In scanning electron microscopic study, The microvilli of cell surface increased gradually with width and length after laser radiation, it demonstrate that development of microvilli have close connection with differentiation of cells. 4. Under the transmission electron microscope, The laser-treated cells maintained their elongated shape and a high degree of cellular polarization. The large cell body containing a well developed Golgi complex, a large number of profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and great numbers of mitochondria. 5. The laser-treated cells maintained the long straight bundles of closely apposed microfilaments or individual filaments forming a cross-linked network. These findings suggest that the laser may have important roles in promotion of pulp healing and consequently may be useful for clinical application in pulp regenerative procedures.