• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted as a preliminary study for the mitigation of acid rain which has been a serious environmental problem in both regional and global scales. In this study, sulfur dioxide emission was estimated at city and gun(county) level. Also, this study represents the estimated sulfur dioxide emission with using a geographical information system which includes administrative boundaries. The results of this study are expected to serve as a sulfur dioxide emission mitigation policy guidance and a basis of a future emission model and a comprehensive global warming model. Moreover, thanks to the geographical information system, the results are also expected to help carrying out clear policy goals and setting up sulfur dioxide emission mitigation measures in regional environmental planning processes, which currently have been implemented in some cities and counties in Korea.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.40 no.5_6
• /
• pp.857-871
• /
• 2022

In this work, we formulated a mathematical model for divorce in marriage and extended in to an optimal control model. Firstly, we qualitatively established the model positivity and boundedness. Also we saw sensitivity analysis of the model and identified the positive and negative indices parameters. An optimal control model were developed by incorporating three time dependent control strategies (couple relationship education, reducing getting married too young & consulting separators to renew their marriage) on the deterministic model. The Pontryagin's maximum principle were used for the derivation of necessary conditions of the optimal control problem. Finally, with Newton's forward and backward sweep method numerical simulation were performed on optimality system by considering four integrated strategies. So that we reached to a result that using all three strategies simultaneously (the strategy D) is an optimal control in order to effectively control marriage divorce over a specified period of time. From this we conclude that, policymakers and stakeholders should use the indicated control strategy at a time in order to fight against Divorce in a population.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.489-502
• /
• 2023

Urban floods pose significant challenges to cities worldwide, driven by the interplay between urbanization and climate change. This review examines recent studies of urban floods to understand their causes, impacts, and potential mitigation strategies. Urbanization, with its increase in impermeable surfaces and altered drainage patterns, disrupts natural water flow, exacerbating surface runoff during intense rainfall events. The impacts of urban floods are far-reaching, affecting lives, infrastructure, the economy, and the environment. Loss of life, property damage, disruptions to critical services, and environmental consequences underscore the urgency of effective urban flood management. To mitigate urban floods, integrated flood management strategies are crucial. Sustainable urban planning, green infrastructure, and improved drainage systems play pivotal roles in reducing flood vulnerabilities. Early warning systems, emergency response planning, and community engagement are essential components of flood preparedness and resilience. Looking to the future, climate change projections indicate increased flood risks, necessitating resilience and adaptation measures. Advances in research, data collection, and modeling techniques will enable more accurate flood predictions, thus guiding decision-making. In conclusion, urban flooding demands urgent attention and comprehensive strategies to protect lives, infrastructure, and the economy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.5664-5672
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to draw main characteristics of local climate change plans of 8 pilot cities through a serious of comparative analyses. The results of the analyses on the mitigation plans and the adaptation plans are the followings; Firstly, climate change plans have two types of distinctive frameworks. Secondly, vision, objectives, and main strategies are composed of main key words. The key words of mitigation plans are low carbon, GHG, green city, energy, and green growth. Adaptation, ecosystem, healthy, safe, disaster, water are the key words that frequently shown in adaptation plan. Thirdly, the mitigation plans tend to place emphasis on transportation and common area. The adaptation plans tend to weigh on water control and forestry. The main characteristics of both mitigation plans and adaptation plans of 8 pilot cities are summarized and policy implications are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2022

Urban flood management(UFM) strategy ought to consider the connections and interactions between existing and new infrastructures to manage stormwater and improve the capacity to treat water. It is also important to demonstrate strategies that can be implemented to reduce the flow at flooding sources and minimize flood risk at critical locations. Although the general theory of spatial impact is popular, modeling guidelines that can provide information for implementation in real-world plans are still lacking. Under such background, this study conducted a modeling research based on an actual target site to confirm the hypothesis that it is appropriate to install green infrastructure(GI) in the source area and to take structural protection measures in the impact area, as summarized in previous studies. The results of the study proved the hypothesis, but the results were different from the hypothesis depending on which hydrological performance indicators were targeted. This study will contribute to demonstrating the effectiveness of strategies that can be implemented to reduce the flow at flooding sources and minimize the risk of flooding in critical locations in terms of spatial planning and regeneration.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2020.12a
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 2020

The construction industry is undergoing a digital transformation in which Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a key technology. The potential of BIM in several areas such as design optimization, time management, cost management, and asset management/facility management (AM/FM) is widely acknowledged by the AECO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation) industry around the world. However, BIM implementation in construction projects is faced with problems such as project delay and cost overruns. The lack of identification of risks in BIM projects and standard guidelines on mitigation techniques furthers poor performance, dissatisfaction, and disputes between employers and project participants, which results in low BIM adoption rates. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the potential risks in BIM implementation under the primary categories - (1) technical, (2) contractual, (3) management-related, and (4) personnel-related risks in BIM projects and present solutions to reduce, manage, and mitigate risks. To meet the objective of this paper, a survey was designed and conducted in the Hong Kong construction industry in which over 140 respondents from different disciplines, with experience in BIM projects, have participated. Based on the analysis of the survey data, the most severe and frequently occurring BIM risks and their potential mitigation strategies were identified and discussed in this paper.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.719-728
• /
• 2015

Following the Fukushima accident, a special safety inspection was conducted in Korea. The inspection results show that Korean nuclear power plants have no imminent risk for expected maximum potential earthquake or coastal flooding. However long- and short-term safety improvements do need to be implemented. One of the measures to increase the mitigation capability during a prolonged station blackout (SBO) accident is installing injection flow paths to provide emergency cooling water of external sources using fire engines to the steam generators or reactor cooling systems. This paper illustrates an evaluation of the effectiveness of external cooling water injection strategies using fire trucks during a potential extended SBO accident in a 1,000 MWe pressurized water reactor. With regard to the effectiveness of external cooling water injection strategies using fire engines, the strategies are judged to be very feasible for a long-term SBO, but are not likely to be effective for a short-term SBO.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.374-381
• /
• 2010

Typical power electronic converters employ only pulse width modulation (PWM) to generate specific switching patterns. In this paper, a novel control strategy combining both pulse-width and amplitude modulation strategies (PWAM) has been proposed for power converters. The Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), used in communication systems, has been applied to power electronic converters. This increases the degrees of freedom in eliminating or mitigating harmonics when compared to the conventional PWM strategies. The role of PAM in the novel PWAM strategy is based on the control of the converter's dc sources values. Software implementation of the conventional PWM and the PWAM control strategies has been applied to a five-level inverter for mitigating selective harmonics. Results show the superiority of the proposed strategy from the THD point of view along with a reduction in the inverter power dissipation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.459-468
• /
• 2013

During a station blackout (SBO), the initiating event is a loss of Class IV and Class III power, causing the loss of the pumps, used in systems such as the primary heat transporting system (PHTS), moderator cooling, shield cooling, steam generator feed water, and re-circulating cooling water. The reference case of the SBO case does not credit any of these active heat sinks, but only relies on the passive heat sinks, particularly the initial water inventories of the PHTS, moderator, steam generator secondary side, end shields, and reactor vault. The reference analysis is followed by a series of sensitivity cases assuming certain system availabilities, in order to assess their mitigating effects. This paper also establishes the strategies to mitigate SBO accidents. Current studies and strategies use the computer code of the Integrated Severe Accident Analysis Code (ISAAC) for Wolsong plants. The analysis results demonstrate that appropriate strategies to mitigate SBO accidents are established and, in addition, the symptoms of the SBO processes are understood.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2022

The study aimed to assess the availability of intellectual capital in Kuwaiti private universities in terms of its three dimensions (human capital, structural capital, and relational capital), as well as its role in crisis management (crisis preparedness, crisis mitigation, confrontation, and response to the crisis, and learning from the crisis) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Members of the boards of trustees, university presidents, their deputies, and deans of the colleges were chosen as respondents to this study from a sample of (8) private universities in Kuwait, with the sampling unit consisting of leaders in these universities. The study revealed that all dimensions of intellectual capital play a statistically significant impact in executing crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic at Kuwaiti private universities after conducting the data analysis process. The study concluded that universities should pay attention to intellectual capital in all its dimensions (human capital, structural capital, and relational capital) because of its role in improving their ability to implement crisis management strategies and strive to improve their capabilities to face crises by implementing crisis management strategies.