• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2002

We study the relationships between strongly prime ideals and completely prime ideals, concentrating on the connections among various radicals(prime radical, upper nilradical and generalized nilradical). Given a ring R, consider the condition: (*) nilpotent elements of R form an ideal in R. We show that a ring R satisfies (*) if and only if every minimal strongly prime ideal of R is completely prime if and only if the upper nilradical coincides with the generalized nilradical in R.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2006

In this paper, we classify non-developable ruled surfaces in a Euclidean 3-spaces satisfying some algebraic equations in terms of the second mean curvature, the mean curvature and the Gaussian curvature.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.623-636
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• 2023

In this paper, we prove some vanishing theorems under the assumptions of weighted BiRic curvature or m-Bakry-Émery-Ricci curvature bounded from below.

• 복식
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2007

Fine art and fashion have influences on each other since both of them are the part of a culture. The similar patterns of fine art and fashion can be found either in the same period or in the different time. To find out this fact in the forms or content, this study researched into the fine art and fashion of 1960s and into recent year's fashion to see the revivals. In 1960s, fine art and fashion laid emphasis on the materiality of material itself, therefore both fine art and fashion have the tendency of formlessness and disorder in form. It ran be said that the socio-cultural background of this phenomenon in 1960s was mainly caused by the young generation called Hippies. They became a large influential social group that has a huge impact on overall culture in 1960s. As a result, this study firstly found that the fine art and fashion had common formative features and content in 1960s. Secondly, fashion since 1990 repeats the similar features in form like the Post-minimal tendency in fine art in 1960s. The similar features can be described as: artworks have the tendency of the formlessness and disorder in appearances; various materials were newly used to form a work, which had never been used in traditional artworks; new methods such as hanging, layering and knotting were applied to show the maximum expression of the materiality. However, unlike the fashion of 1960s, the Post-minimal tendency in fashion since 1990s doesn't symbolized freedom or peace, or opposition to the war anymore. Instead, only the formative elements were revived and reproduced and the formless tendency became one of the recent fashion trends.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the Short Form Berg Balance Scale (SF-BBS) and the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) among chronic stroke survivors, focusing on their reliability for consistent measurements over time. Design: A cross-sectional study design Methods: Thirty chronic stroke survivors participated in this study, undergoing evaluations with SF-BBS and SF-PASS scales at two different points, separated by a seven-day interval. The analysis focused on test-retest reliability, employing statistical measures such as the Intra-Class Coefficient (ICC_2,1), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and MDC%, the Bland-Altman plot to assess the limits of agreement and the extent of random measurement error. Results: The study found notable test-retest reproducibility for both SF-BBS and SF-PASS, with ICC values demonstrating strong reliability (0.932 to 0.941, with a confidence interval of 0.889 to 0.973). SEM values for SF-BBS and SF-PASS were reported as 1.34 and 0.61, respectively, indicating low measurement error. MDC values of 3.71 for SF-BBS and 1.69 for SF-PASS suggest that the scales have an acceptable level of sensitivity to change, with reliability metrics falling below 20% of the maximum possible score. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both SF-BBS and SF-PASS exhibit high intra-class correlation coefficients, indicating strong test-retest reliability. The SEM and MDC values further support the scales' reproducibility and reliability as tools for evaluating mobility and dynamic balance in chronic stroke survivors. Therefore, these scales are recommended for clinical use in this population, providing reliable measures for assessing progress in rehabilitation.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.739-756
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• 2024

The ordinary mean curvature vector field 𝗛 on a submanifold M of a space form is said to be proper if it satisfies equality Δ𝗛 = a𝗛 for a constant real number a. It is proven that every hypersurface of an Riemannian space form with proper mean curvature vector field has constant mean curvature. In this manuscript, we study the Lorentzian hypersurfaces with proper second mean curvature vector field of four dimensional Lorentzian space forms. We show that the scalar curvature of such a hypersurface has to be constant. In addition, as a classification result, we show that each Lorentzian hypersurface of a Lorentzian 4-space form with proper second mean curvature vector field is C-biharmonic, C-1-type or C-null-2-type. Also, we prove that every 𝗛₂-proper Lorentzian hypersurface with constant ordinary mean curvature in a Lorentz 4-space form is 1-minimal.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2004

In this paper, It is examined the patterns of fashion style in the history of subcultural clothing from 1930s to 1960s, focusing on the way each generation resisted the main stream through its styles. The subcultural styles examined and classified in this study are mainly British and American, with a few European and Western Indian styles included. This study understands subcultural style as a way of deviate or resistant expression within a society. The patterns of subcultural styles presented in this study are based on their form of resistance, and they are classified as follows: The pattern is revision, which tries to revise and change the given form by adding new elements. There are two kinds of revision, one is dressing up, which dresses for success, and the other is minimal dressing. Zoot, caribbean, western, teddy boy, rockabilly style are included here. As minimal dressing, there are hipster, beatnik, modernist, mod, rude boy style. In conclusion, it can be said that subcultural style puts the foremost importance on individual freedom. The new and significant development can be found in the fact that subcultural style emerges as a dominating force in our culture. This implies that the energy of a subculture is essential as a formative force of a fashion world.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2019

본 연구는 필립 글래스의 미니멀 음악이 쓰인 1980년대부터 2000년대까지의 주요 영화들 다섯 편을 대상으로 하여, 미니멀 음악의 미학적이고 영화음악으로서의 기능적인 의미에 대하여 연구하였다. 미니멀 음악은 반복적인 리듬 특성을 지니고 있으며, 미학적으로 단조로운 것이나 특정한 목적을 지양하는 것으로 이해되며, 또는 정체성의 표현으로 이해할 수도 있다. 한편으로 반복적인 리듬에 의한 무한한 지속성 의미이거나, 때로는 미묘한 변화를 수반한 반복일 수도 있다. 영화음악의 기능에 대해서는 여러 이론가들의 공통된 영화음악의 기능으로 분석하였다. 총 다섯 편에 쓰인 음악의 분석의 결과로서 필립 글래스의 미니멀 음악에 나타난 미학적 의미는 영화 스토리의 특성과 가장 관련이 깊었으며, 영화음악의 기능적 의미는 영화의 구조, 형식, 장르 등에 의하여 결정되는 경우가 많았다. 그러므로 영화의 주제와 스토리의 내용이 반복적인 리듬 특성을 지닌 영화음악의 미학적 해석에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 그리고 영화의 구조, 형식, 장르와 같은 플롯의 요소들은 영화 음악의 기능적 해석에 적지 않은 영향을 주었다고 생각한다. 영화음악의 미학적 가치는 영화의 스토리와 밀접하게 관계를 맺고, 영화음악의 기능적 의미는 영화의 형식적 요소들에 의하여 결정된 것으로 해석된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1996

A number of experimental evidences suggest that the rnun ventrolateral medulla(RVLM) is the final common pathway in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. A Voup of neurons in the RVLM, called the cardiovascular neurons (UN), show spontaneous activity temporally synchronized with the periodic cardiac cycle. These neurons affect the sympathetic nerve discharge(SND), thus are believed to be responsible for blood pressure control. The present experiment identified 98 UVNs in 42 cats based on the temporal relationships between each neuron's activity with both the cardiac cycle and SWD. In 20 UWL changes of spontaneous firing rate(FR) during the somatosympathetic reflex(SSR) were studied Five different firing patterns were observed during the pressor and depressor responses of SSR, implying that they form an interconnected neuronal circuit interacting with one another to generate efferent signals for blood pressure regulation. In the following companion paper, the firing patterns of CVN are analyzed to develop a minimal neuronal circuit model explaining the present experimental outcome.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.200-212
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• 2007

Purpose: To find objective validity of minimal acupuncture using a modified guide tube as a method to verify the effect of acupuncture. Methods: Subjects of this study were participants of a randomized clinical trial which was practiced to verify the effect of acupuncture on postmenopausal hot flash. There were 2 arms of treatment, one's for active acupuncture group(AG) with manipulation and De qi, the other's for minimal acupuncture group(MG) using a modified guide tube which was designed to give minimal stimulation to the patient. After 8 weeks' treatment followed by 4 weeks' observation, participants were asked to fill in self-report forms on their education, previous experiences of acupuncture, original idea on the efficacy of acupuncture and recognition of blinding. Results: 19 participants of 26 in AG and 19 of 26 in MG completed the self-report form. There was no difference between AG and MG in their education(p=0.5976, Fisher exact test) and previous experiences of acupuncture(p=0.9999, Fisher exact test). In their original ideas on the efficacy of acupuncture, most of AG and MG respondents have been thought that acupuncture is very effective or quite effective, and there was no difference between 2 groups(p=0.5065). 16 of 19 in AG and 14 of 19 in MG believed that they underwent more effective way, there was no statistical difference between 2 groups(p=0.6928, Fisher exact test). Participants believed in undergoing more effective way not because they recognized treatment method, but they were satisfied with the effectiveness of treatment retrospectively. Conclusion: As the result of this study, these authors suggest that minimal acupuncture using a modified guide tube is acceptable as a method to verify the effect of acupuncture in acupuncture-familiar Korean culture. Also further studies on the stimulation-specific effect of minimal acupuncture are demanded.