• 제목/요약/키워드: Milk quality

검색결과 784건 처리시간 0.027초

디자인 사고 기반의 협력적 워크숍이 창의적 문제해결에 미치는 영향 : SAP 스마트 벌크빈 모니터링 시스템 개발 사례를 중심으로 (The Effects of Design Thinking-based Collaborative Workshop on Creative Problem Solving: Focused on the development case of SAP Smart Bulk Bin Monitoring System)

  • 전영옥;최혜정
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제15권10호
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    • pp.429-436
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    • 2017
  • 유가공산업 순환생태계 내의 다양한 이해관계자들이 참여한 디자인 사고 기반의 협력적 워크숍(Design Thinking Workshop)은 '창의기제'로서 디자인 작업 방식을 바탕으로 직면 문제에 대한 구성원 간 공감대와 집단지성의 발현, 협업과 소통방식의 전환, 조직의 업무처리에 있어 실천적 프로토타이핑 문화 확산을 독려하는 새로운 문제 혁신 패러다임을 보여준다. '문제에 대한 접근', '문제의 재정의', '경험기반 미래비전 설계'의 3단계로 추진된 이 워크숍은 참여자들 스스로 사료공급업체와 축산농가주 간 사료주문의 정확도, 사료의 정시주문, 사료공급의 비용절감 측면에서 진짜 문제를 재정의 하고 새로운 대안과 확장된 비즈니스 영역을 제시한다. 이 워크숍에서 제안된 결과는 축산사료의 수급율과 품질 향상뿐만 아니라 산업의 직 간접적 이해관계자들에게 문제에 접근하는 방식과 그 해결점을 모색하는 창의적인 사고체계를 제시했다는 점에서 비즈니스 혁신에 있어 디자인 사고의 유용성을 시사한다.

천연보존료 복합 황금추출물이 유산균발효 마늘추출물의 저장성 및 기능성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Mixed Scutellaria baicalensis Extracts as Natural Preservative on Efficacy and Storage of Lactic Acid-Fermented Garlic Extract)

  • 이희섭;이성진;손요한;유희종;조홍연
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 유산균발효 마늘추출물의 간 보호 효능에 대해 천연보존료인 복합 황금추출물이 유산균발효 마늘추출물의 간 보호 효능에 미치는 영향 여부를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 복합 황금추출물은 $H_2O_2$에 의한 산화적 손상에 대한 유산균발효 마늘추출물의 간 보호 효능에 있어서 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았으며, acetaminophen에 의한 급성 간 손상 동물 모델에서 시료에 첨가된 복합 황금추출물은 유산균 발효 마늘추출물의 간 손상 억제 효능에 있어 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합 고찰할 때 복합황금추출물은 기능성 원료의 유효성에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 액상제형 건강기능성식품의 안전성을 확보할 수 있는 천연보존제로 판단되었다.

Suitability of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Hay as a Supplement to Fresh Grass in Dairy Cows

  • Scharenberg, A.;Kreuzer, M.;Dohme, Frigga
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권7호
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    • pp.1005-1015
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    • 2009
  • Two experiments were carried out to determine the utility of sainfoin hay, a temperate tanniferous forage legume, as a dietary supplement for grass-fed cows. The condensed tannins (CT) of sainfoin might counteract the typical metabolic ammonia load of cows in intensive grazing systems. Furthermore, the physical fibrousness of sainfoin might improve ruminal pH stability. In the preliminary experiment, the eating rate of non-lactating Holstein cows of two tanniferous hays, sainfoin and birdsfoot trefoil, was compared to that of a grass-clover hay after specific periods of time (n = 4). The eating rate of sainfoin was superior to that of the other forages. In the main experiment, designed as a replicated 3${\times}$3 Latin square, six ruminally-cannulated, lactating Red Holstein cows received grass, concentrate and either no supplementation, 3 kg/d of grass hay or 3 kg/d of sainfoin hay (n = 6). Measured intakes of the grass hay and the sainfoin hay were 2.0 and 1.5 kg DM, and two cows entirely refused to eat the sainfoin hay and had to be excluded from data analysis. Grass DMI was similar for cows supplemented with sainfoin hay and cows fed only grass whereas intake of concentrate was higher (p<0.01) for the latter treatment. Continuous measurement of ruminal pH showed that the minimum pH at night tended to be lower (p<0.10) with grass-only feeding compared to sainfoin supplementation, but pH did not decline below the threshold of subacute acidosis for a longer period of time. The slightly higher intake of nitrogen (N) for cows supplemented with sainfoin hay (413 g/d) compared to cows fed only grass (399 g/d) was accompanied by an increased (p<0.05) fecal N excretion and a tendency for an increased (p<0.10) urinary N excretion. Ruminal ammonia concentration, as well as plasma and milk urea, were not affected by sainfoin supplementation. In conclusion, the lack of positive effects typical for CT might be explained either by the limited CT content of this plant species (55 g/kg DM) or the relatively low proportion of sainfoin in the total diet or both. Moreover, due to the unexpected low grass quality, the general ammonia load might have been too low for CT to have an impact.

요양시설 거주 노인의 에너지와 영양소 섭취 실태 및 식품선호도 조사 (Study on Energy and Nutrient Intake and Food Preference of the Elderly in Care Facilities)

  • 권종숙;이승희;이강민;이윤나
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.200-217
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess energy and nutritional intake and investigate the preference for food and cooking methods of the residents in elderly care facilities. Methods: Data were collected from 72 residents (10 males and 62 females) aged ${\geq}70$ years in elderly care facilities using questionnaires, food photographs for estimating dietary intake and records for daily physical activity. Results: Average age of the study participants was 85.0 years and 41, 36 and 8 had dementia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. 15%, 65% and 19% of subjects were physically mobile, enervated, and immobile, respectively. Daily energy intake was 1360.2 kcal in men and 1378.0 kcal in women, which were 68.0% and 86.1% of the estimated energy requirement (EER) of dietary reference intake for Koreans (KDRI) for ${\geq}75$ year old individuals, respectively. Estimated energy expenditure (EEE) of subjects calculated using formula from KDRI was 1361.9 kcal and EER calculated using estimated daily physical activity (EDPA) was 1232.9 kcal. Energy intake and EEE from KDRI were higher than EER from EDPA. Dietary intake of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C were lower, and protein, phosphorous, iron, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin E were higher than the corresponding ones of KDRI. Subjects liked meats, fishes and shellfish, and fruits, while subjects disliked milk, seaweeds and salted fish and salted vegetables. Cooked rice, soybean paste soup, beef, cooked sliced radish strip, and yogurt were favorite foods, with steam being a favorite cooking method. Subjects considered nutrition as the most important factor for improving food service quality. Conclusions: Results of this study could be utilized for improving food-service for the residents in elderly care facilities, and provide a basis for setting reference intake of energy and nutrients of the elderly having very low activity levels.

일부 벽지 농촌 가정 주부의 식생활 관리 실태 조사 (A Survey on the Meal Management Attitudes of Housewives Who Had Elementary Schoolchildren in a Remote Rural Country in Korea)

  • 김진양;김선효
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.131-143
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    • 2005
  • This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, $37.2{\pm}0.3$ years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, $36.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p<0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p<0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p<0.05), ready to eatsoups(p<0.001), retort pouch foods(p<0.05) and instant teas(p<0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p<0.01), milk and their products(p<0.001), soybean products(p<0.001) and snacks(p<0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p<0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p<0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p<0.001) and nutrition education(p<0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p<0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p<0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p<0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

한우에서 BVDV 지속감염우의 정액 성상에 관한 연구 (Semen Properties of a Hanwoo bull persistently infected by BVDV)

  • 김찬란;김민수;김남태;전익수;김성우
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.201-208
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    • 2017
  • 소에 있어서 BVDV는 반추류에서 중대한 감염을 야기하여 번식장애, 설사 및 유량감소를 야기하여 농가에 막대한 피해를 야기하고 있다. 특히 지속감염우의 확인과 도태는 농가 내 감염원을 제거하는 중요한 일이나 아직까지 PI개체의 바이러스의 감염과 전파에 관한 연구는 미진한 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서는 도입된 수컷에서 PI를 확인하였으며 전혈 검사를 실시 하면, PI 혈액 성상에서 림프구가 낮게 관찰되며 전체 WBC의 수는 정상범위에 속하나 낮게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. PI 수컷에서 생산된 정액은 정자 수가 매우 낮으며, 신선 정액의 생존성도 불량한 것으로 조사되었다. 정자 기형율 또한 증가되었으며 특히 공포와 중편부의 소적을 가진 기형정자의 비율이 높았다. PI수컷은 나이가 들수록 정액 성상이 불량하여 불임화되었고 이는 BVDV가 정소의 정자 생산능력을 낮추어 사출된 정액내 정자수 감소 현상을 야기한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 확인된 PI 개체에 의한 전체군의 감염 현상은 관찰할 수 없었는데, 이는 적절한 백신 프로그램에 의하여 PI에 의한 간접적인 전파의 위험성이 낮다고 판단된다.

국내 낙농가의 초유관리와 이용 (Colostrum Management and Use in Domestic Dairy Farms)

  • 정석근;함준상;김동훈;채현석;유영모;장애라;권일경;이승규
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2009
  • 초유는 신생 송아지에게 완전식품으로 제공된다. 반추동물에서 초유는 송아지에게 처음 제공되는 후천적 면역물질의 유일한 공급원이다. 따라서 초유는 반추동물의 숙주방어에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 소의 초유는 신생 송아지에게 처음 24시간 동안 수동 면역물질을 공급하고, 일반적으로 생후 처음 3일 동안 공급된다. 초유는 저장 후 사용을 위해 냉각, 냉동 또는 대기온도에서 발효 또는 화학처리에 의해 보관할 수 있다. 초유관리 조사는 경기와 충남지역에 있는 67개 낙농가로부터 자료 수집을 통하여 조사하였다. 분만 후 5일 동안 생산한 초유의 총 생산량은 평균 80.4 kg이었고, 송아지에게 급여한 포유량은 평균 20.9 kg이었다. 조사결과에 따르면, 남는 초유의 처리방법은 그냥 버린다가 17.9%, 다른 송아지 포유용으로 이용한다가 37.3%, 저장 이용한다가 22.4%, 다른 가축에게 준다가 20.9%, 기타방법으로 처리한다가 1.5%로 확인되었다. 초유의 품질향상을 위해서는 분만전후의 항생제 사용자제와 건유연고의 올바른 선택, 착유 초기동안 착유량을 증대해야 할 것으로 나타났다.

일부 지역 중학생 대상 일품요리의 대표영양가 산출 및 영양적정성 평가 (Representative Nutrients Contents and Nutritional Adequacy Evaluation of Single-Dish Meal for Middle School Students)

  • 이지선;김영남
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: With the increasing number of single households and so-called Honbab-jok, those who eat alone, people tend to enjoy convenient and simple meals, such as single dish meals. This study was performed to provide data on the energy and nutrient content, and nutritional adequacy of single-dish meal. Methods: From the literature reviews, 61 types of single-dish meals were selected, and divided into 4 groups (steamed rice, noodle, porridge, and sandwich burger), and a further 11 sub-groups (bibimbab, fried rice, topped rice, rolled rice/ warm noodle, cold noodle, seasoned noodle, dukgook/ porridge/, and sandwich, burger). In addition, 382 junior high school students from Gyeonggi, Sejong, Jeonbuk, and Chungnam areas were recruited for the survey. The survey questionnaires were composed of the characteristics, preference, and intake frequency of single-dish meals. The representative energy content (arithmetic mean) of single-dish meals were calculated, and compared with the energy contents of preference and intake frequency-weighted values adjusted. The representative nutrient contents, energy contribution ratio, and INQ (index of nutritional quality) of a single-dish meal were calculated for a nutritional adequacy evaluation. Results: The study subjects considered a single-dish meal as tasty, simple and fast to prepare, inexpensive, nutritious, and no low calorie food. The preference scores of all but 1 sub-group of singledish meals were ${\geq}5.00$ (5.00~5.97), and 1 sub-group (porridge) was 4.67 on a 7-point scale. The intake frequency of 11 sub-groups were 0.31~1.71/week, porridge was the lowest at 0.31 and warm noodles was the highest at 1.71. Fried rice, rolled rice, and warm noodle' intake frequency were ${\geq}1/week$. The representative energy of steamed rice, noodle, sandwich burger were 443, 429, and 428 kcal, respectively, and that of porridge was 264 kcal. Less than 5% differences in the representative energy of 4 groups were observed when adjusted for the preference or intake frequency-weighted values. The energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients calculations showed that porridge was a high carbohydrate and low fat food, whereas sandwich burger were high fat and low carbohydrate foods. The INQ of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0 in all 4 food groups, but the INQ of protein and thiamin were > 1.0 in all 4 single-dish food groups. Conclusions: The representative energy in the 4 groups of single-dish meal was 264~450 kcal, which is a rather low calorie meal, and the energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients were inadequate. The protein and thiamin levels were sufficient but the calcium and vitamin C levels were insufficient in all 4 groups of a single-dish meal judged by the INQ. The additional intake of fruits and milk dairy products between meals with a single-dish meal, supply of calcium and vitamin C may increase, which will result in an improved nutritional balance.

성인의 골밀도와 잔존치아수와의 관련성 (Relationship between bone mineral density and the remaining teeth in Korean adults)

  • 송혜정;이덕희
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and remaining teeth in Korean adults. Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 5th Year 1(2010), 1,985 adults over 50 years old having bone mineral density test were selected. Male adults were 883, and female adults were 1,102. The raw data consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, bone density data, and oral examination data. The questionnaire consisted of general health survey, laboratory examination study, and nutrition study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program for multiple regression analysis, ANOVA, t-test. The variables included general characteristics of the subjects, health behavior, diet habit, and oral health behavior. General characteristics consisted of gender, age, residence area, education level, marital status, monthly income, and vocation. Health behavior consisted of smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index(BMI), physical activity, and mental health. Diet habit consisted of frequency of meal, milk, coffee, and calcium ingestion. Oral health behavior consisted of frequency of tooth brushing, use of oral health care devices, and oral examination. Systemic diseases were measured by the questionnaire for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Bone density was measured in T-score of femoral bone, neck of femur, and lumbar vertebrae. Bone density was classified into normal($T-score{\geq}-1.0$), osteopenia(-2.5 < T-score < -1.0), and osteoporosis ($T-score{\leq}-2.5$). The remaining teeth were measured by the differences between normal teeth and missing teeth. Results: Smoking and age are the most influencing factors on the number of remaining teeth and bone density(p<0.01)(p<0.05). Those who had higher bone density, younger age, and nonsmoker significantly had more remaining teeth. Those who were men, diabetic, lowly educated women, and low birth weighted persons tended to have less number of teeth(p<0.01). Conclusions: The study suggested that there were significant differences between men and women according to the oral health management behavior and systemic disease control. Proper management of the oral health and good quality of bone mineral density can reserve the remaining teeth through the whole life.

대두부산물의 지방세포분화 유도유전자의 발현저해 및 전지방세포 분화 억제 효과 (Suppressive Effects of By-Product Extracts from Soybean on Adipocyte Differentiation and Expression of Obesity-Related Genes in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes)

  • 최미선;김지인;정진부;이수복;정재남;정형진;서을원;김택윤;권오준;임재환
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.358-367
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    • 2011
  • 대두는 여러 종류의 파이토케미컬을 함유하고 있으며 이에 의한 항산화, 항염증, 항비만 효능 등이 있음이 잘 알려져 있다. 대두 부산물 성분의 비만억제효능을 확인하기 위하여 Oil-Red O 염색법과 정량 PCR을 통하여 지방세포분화억제 및 지방생성억제 효능을 분석하였다. 분화유도물질인 isobutylmethylanthine (IBMX), dexamathasone 및 insulin 처리에 따른 지방세포 분화유도와 함께 대두부산물-침지수, 순물, 두유-의 처리는 세포손상 없이 지방세포분화 연관 유전자-PPAR${\gamma}$, Fabp4, Scd1, adipsin, apolipoprotein (APOE), adiponectin (ADIPOQ)-의 발현을 감소시키는 효능을 보였다. 또한 대두에서 잘 알려진 isoflavone -daidzein과 genistein- 분석을 통하여 대두 부산물에 포함된 두 종류의 isoflavone의 함량을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 대두부산물에는 지방세포분화유도 유전자의 발현억제를 통한 전지방세포의 분화 및 지방세포의 지방생성을 억제하고 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 두부생산 시 발생하는 대두부산물은 지방세포분화 억제 효능을 바탕으로 이를 이용하는 건강기능 식품제조에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.