• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2010

Real-time rainfall monitoring is of great practical importance over the highly populated Indochina area, which is prone to natural disasters, in particular in association with rainfall. With the goal of d etermining near real-time half-hourlyrain estimates from satellite, the three-layer, artificial neural networks (ANN) approach was used to train the brightness temperatures at 6.7, 11, and $12-{\mu}m$ channels of the Japanese geostationary satellite MTSAT against passive microwavebased rain rates from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) data for the June-September 2005 period. The developed model was applied to the MTSAT data for the June-September 2006 period. The results demonstrate that the developed algorithm is comparable to the PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks) results and can be used for flood monitoring across the Indochina area on a half-hourly time scale.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.542-544
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• 2007

In this study, several methods to convert rain rate data for various time intervals to one-minute rates are compared. High-resolution tipping bucket precipitation records for seven locations in a tropical region are analyzed and compared using these conversion models. The Segal, Chebil, and Burgueno methods give the smallest average errors below 10% at different integration times.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.604-617
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• 2022

해수면온도는 해양-대기의 현상을 이해하고 기후변화를 예측하기 위해 사용되는 중요한 변수이다. 마이크로파 영역의 인공위성 원격탐사는 구름과 강수와 같은 기상현상 위성 관측 측기의 경로에 존재하더라도 해수면온도 획득을 가능하게 한다. 따라서 마이크로파 해수면온도의 높은 활용도를 고려하면 위성 해수면온도를 정확도를 지속적으로 검증하고 오차 특성을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 2014년 3월부터 2021년 12월까지 약 8년 동안 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)/GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) 마이크로파 해수면온도의 정확도를 표층 뜰개 부이 수온 자료를 사용하여 검증하였다. GMI 해수면온도는 실측 해수면온도에 비해 0.09 K의 편차와 0.97 K의 평균 제곱근 오차를 보였고, 이는 기존 연구 결과에 비해 다소 높게 나타났다. 이외에도 GMI 해수면 온도의 오차 특성은 위도, 연안과의 거리, 해상풍 및 수증기량과 같은 환경적 요인과 관련성이 있다. 오차는 육지에서 300 km 이내의 거리에서 해안 지역에 가까운 지역과 고위도 지역에서 증가하는 경향이 있다. 또한 낮에는 약한 풍속(<6 m s^-1), 밤에는 강한 풍속(>10 m s^-1) 범위에서 상대적으로 높은 오차가 나타났다. 대기 수증기는 30 mm 미만의 매우 낮은 범위 또는 60 mm보다 큰 매우 높은 범위에서 높은 해수면온도 차이에 기여했다. 이러한 오차들은 저수온에서 GMI 자료의 정확도가 떨어지는 기존 연구와 일치하며, 연안으로부터의 거리, 풍속, 수증기량에 의한 오차의 경우 육지와 해양의 방사율 차이 및 바람에 의한 해수면 거칠기 변화, 수증기의 마이크로파 대기 흡수에서 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 이는 한반도 주변해에서 마이크로파 위성 계산 SST를 보다 광범위하게 활용하기 위해서는 GMI 해수면온도 오차의 특성에 대한 이해가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1561-1569
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• 1994

Effect of calcining temperature on the sintering behaviors and microwave dielectric properties of BMT[Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3] ceramics was studied. The calcining temperatures were varied from 80$0^{\circ}C$ to 130$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. It was found that, as calcining temperature lowered below 125$0^{\circ}C$, second phase such as Ba5Ta4O15 phases started to appear in calcined powder with unreacted powders. After sintering, exaggerately grown Ba5TaO3 phase could be found amang the uniform BMT grains in sintered body. Basis on the infiltration experiment, Ba0.05TaO3 phase should be formed by reaction of BMT grain and BaO-MgO eutectic liquid. But increase of calcining temperature above 125$0^{\circ}C$, there was not any second phase or unreated component in calcined powder and sintered body. As result, low calcining temperature led to precipitation of second phase in specimen and resulted decrease of Q value of BMT ceramics.

• 대기
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2018

In order to assimilate MHS satellite data into the convective scale model at KMA, ATOVS data are reprocessed to utilize the original high-resolution data. And then to improve the preprocessing experiments for cloud detection were performed and optimized to convective-scale model. The experiment which is land scattering index technique added to Observational Processing System to remove contaminated data showed the best result. The analysis fields with assimilation of MHS are verified against with ECMWF analysis fields and fit to other observations including Sonde, which shows improved results on relative humidity fields at sensitive level (850-300 hPa). As the relative humidity of upper troposphere increases, the bias and RMSE of geopotential height are decreased. This improved initial field has a very positive effect on the forecast performance of the model. According to improvement of model field, the Equitable Threat Score (ETS) of precipitation prediction of $1{\sim}20mm\;hr^{-1}$ was increased and this impact was maintained for 27 hours during experiment periods.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.583-590
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• 1997

The effects of Mn2O3 and Y2O3 additives on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Sr(Zr, Ti)O3 have been investigated. Powders with Sr(Zr1-xTix)O3(0$\leq$x$\leq$0.1) composition were prepared by the conventional solid state processing from commercial TiO2 and precipitation-processed ZrO2. The powders containing sintering additives of Mn2O3 and Y2O3 were compacted and then sintered at 1,55$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 h to get>97% relative density. Mn2O3 suppressed the grain growth and Y2O3 enhanced the density of sintered body. The oxidation state of Mn ions were determined by a chemical wet method and EPR spectroscopy. Mn ions were present as Mn2+ and Mn4+ in SrZrO3, while as Mn3+ and Mn4+ in Ti-substituted Sr(Zr, Ti)O3. With the substitution of Ti, the lattice parameters of SrZrO3 decreased and its dielectric constant increased with remarkable decrease in Q value. The dielectric constant of Sr(Zr, Ti)O3 was in the range of 30 to 40, Q values 1,200~5,400 at 6 GHz and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency -67~100 ppm/K.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2008

여러 가지 다른 조성의 NiCoZn ferrite를 공침법으로 제조한 후 소결온도를 변화시켜 NiCoZn ferrite 미분말을 제조하였다. 제조된 미분말의 미세조직, 결정구조 및 전기적 특성을 분석하였고, 복합형 NiCoZn ferrite 전파흡수체를 제작하여 전파흡수 특성을 분석하였다. 합성한 미분말들은 전형적인 NiCoZn spinel 구조를 지니고 있음을 확인하였고, 입자 크기가 평균 40 nm의 나노분말을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. NiCoZn ferrite를 소결온도를 달리하여 제조한 결과, $1250^{\circ}C$에서 소결된 NiCoZn ferrite가 불순물이 적고 초투자율 및 Q 값이 가장 낮게 나왔다. 또한 S-parameter를 측정하여 반사 감쇠율을 계산한 결과 두께 2 mm인 $(Ni_{0.4}Co_{0.1}Zn_{0.5})Fe_2O_4$ 조성의 시트형 전파흡수체는 6 GHz의 주파수 대역에서 -3.1 dB의 반사 감쇠율을 보여주었다. 이런 측정 결과 6 GHz 이상의 고주파 영역에서 복합 ferrite 전파흡수체로서 응용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.186-196
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• 2020

A simple and rapid preconcentration method of actinide from seawater using Actinide resin was developed and tested with the seawater spiked with a known U and Th. The developed method of Actinide resin based on column chromatography is less time-consuming and requires less labor compared with a typical co-precipitation technique for preconcentration of actinides. U and Th, which are relatively weak-bonded with Actinide resin among actinides, were used to determine the optimum flow rate of seawater sample and evaluate the capacity of Actinide resin to concentrate actinides from seawater. A flow rate of 50 mL min^-1 was available with Actinide resin 2 mL (BV, bed volume). When 5 or 10 L of seawater containing U were loaded on Actinide resin (2 mL, BV) at 50 mL min^-1, the recovery of U was 93 % and 86 %, respectively. For extraction of actinides bound with Actinide resin, we compared three methods: solvent extraction, ashing-acid digestion, and ashing-microwave digestion. Ashing-microwave digestion method shows the best performance of which is the recovery of 100 % for U and 81 % for Th. For the preconcentration of actinides in 200 L of seawater, a typical coprecipitation method requires 2-3 days, but the developed method in this study is achieved the high recovery of actinides within 12 h.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Passive microwave sea surface temperatures (SST) were validated in the Northwest Pacific using a total of 102,294 collocated matchup data between Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) / GPM Microwave Sensor(GMI) data and oceanic in-situ temperature measurements from March 2014 to December 2016. A root-mean-square (RMS) error and a bias error of the GMI SST measurements were evaluated to $0.93^{\circ}C$ and $0.05^{\circ}C$, respectively. The SST differences between GMI and in-situ measurements were caused by various factors such as wind speed, columnar atmospheric water vapor, land contamination near coastline or islands. The GMI SSTs were found to be higher than the in-situ temperature measurements at low wind speed (<6 m/s) during the daytime. As the wind speed increased at night, SST errors showed positive bias. In addition, other factors, coming from atmospheric water vapor, sensitivity degradation at a low temperature range, and land contamination, also contributed to the errors. One of remarkable characteristics of the errors was their latitudinal dependence with large errors at high latitudes above $30^{\circ}N$. Seasonal characteristics revealed that the errors were most frequently observed in winter with a significant positive deviation. This implies that SST errors tend to be large under conditions of high wind speeds and low SSTs. Understanding of microwave SST errors in this study is anticipated to compensate less temporal capability of Infrared SSTs and to contribute to increase a satellite observation rate with time, especially in SST composite process.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.174-185
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• 2020

Multiscattering occurs when a laser transmits into dense atmosphere targets (e.g. fogs, smoke or clouds), which can cause depolarization effects even though the scattering particles are spherical. In addition, multiscattering effects have additional information about microphysical properties of scatterers. Thus, multiscattering can be utilized to study the microphysical properties of the liquid water cloud. In this paper, a Monte Carlo method was used to simulate multi-scattering transmission properties of Lidar signals in the cloud. The results showed the slope of the degree of linear polarization (SLDLP) can be used to invert the extinction coefficient, and then the cloud effective size (CES) and the liquid water content (LWC) may be easily obtained by using the extinction coefficient and saturation of the degree of linear polarization (SADLP). Based on calculation results, a microphysical properties inversion method for a liquid cloud was presented. An innovative multiscattering polarization Lidar (MSPL) system was constructed to measure the LWC and CES of the liquid cloud, and a new method based on the polarization splitting ratio of the Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS) was developed to calibrate the polarization channels of MSPL. By analyzing the typical observation data of MSPL observation in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, China, the LWC and CES of the liquid water cloud were obtained. Comparisons between the results from the MSPL, MODIS and the Microwave radar data showed that, the microphysical properties of liquid cloud could be retrieved by combining our MSPL and the inversion method.