• Advances in materials Research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2015

The influence of rare earth lanthanum (La) on solidification cooling range, microstructure of aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy and mechanical properties were investigated. Five kinds of Al-Mg alloys with rare earth content of La (i.e., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.%) were prepared. Samples were either slowly cooled in furnace or water cooled. Results indicate that the addition of the rare earth (RE) La can significantly influence the solidification range, the resultant microstructure, and tensile strength. RE La can extend the alloy solidification range, increase the solidification time, and also greatly improve the flow performance. The addition of La takes a metamorphism effect on Al-Mg alloy, resulting in that the finer the grain is obtained, the rounder the morphology becomes. RE La can significantly increase the mechanical properties for its metamorphism and reinforcement. When the La content is about 1.5 wt.%, the tensile strength of Al-Mg alloy reaches its maximum value of 314 MPa.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2015

NbN coatings were prepared by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) assisted magnetron sputtering from a Nb metal target in $Ar+N_2$ atmosphere at various ICP powers. Effect of ICP on the microstructure, crystalline structure and mechanical properties of NbN coatings was investigated by field emission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation measurements. The results show that ICP power has a significant influence on coating microstructure, structure and mechanical properties of NbN coatings. With the increasing of ICP power, coating microstructure evolves from the columnar structure of DC process to a highly dense one. Crystalline structure of NbN coatings were changed from cubic ${\delta}$-NbN to hexagonal ${\beta}-Nb_2N$ with increase of ICP power. The maximum nano hardness of 25.4 GPa with Ra roughness of 0.5 nm was obtained from the NbN coating sputtered at ICP power of 200 W.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the hot forging ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra high carbon steel. The microstructure of ultra high carbon steel with 1.5%wt.C consisted of a proeutectoid cementite network and acicular microstructure in pearlite matrix. With increasing hot forging ratio, the volume and thickness of the network and acicular proeutectoid cementite decreased. Lamella spacing and the thickness of eutectoid cementite decreased with increasing hot forging raito, and were broken up into particle shapes, which then became spheroidized. When the forging ratio was over 65%, the network and acicula shape of the as-cast state disappeared. With increasing hot forging ratio, hardness, tensile strength, elongation and impact value were not changed up to 50%, and then rapidly increased with the increase of the forging ratio.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.224-232
• /
• 2012

In this study, the effect of hot-stamping heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of TWB(Tailor Welded Blank) laser joints in Al-Si-coated boron steel and Zn-coated DP(Dual Phase)590 steel was investigated. In the TWB joints without heat treatment, hardness profiles showed local hardness deviation near the fusion zone. However, there was no hardness deviation in the heat treated specimen and its hardness was higher than that of the one without the heat treatment, due to a fully martensite microstructure. In the TWB joints of both the boron and DP steels, the maximum hardnesses were observed at the HAZ(Heat Affected Zone) near the base metal, and the hardness decreased gradually to the base metal. In the heat treated joints, the hardnesses of the HAZ and the base metal of the boron steel side were similar to the maximum hardness of the weld, while those of the HAZ and the base metal of the DP steel side were higher than the maximum hardness.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.641-644
• /
• 1995

We have studied the effect of the nitrogen on the microstructure, thermomagnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Fe-Hf-C-N nanocrystalline thin films with high permeability and high saturation magnetization. These films were fabricated by reactive sputtering in $Ar+N_{2}$ plasma using an rf magnetron sputtering apparatus. As $P_{N2}$ increases, the microstructure changes from amorphous to crystalline $\alpha$-Fe phase and again returns to amorphous one. Spin wave stiffness constant increases with $P_{N2}$ until 5% $P_{N2}$, and then decreases with the further increase. This trend corresponds well with that of the microstructure with increasing $P_{N2}$. The Fe-Hf-C-N films with over 3% $P_{N2}$ show higher corrosion resistance than the N-free Fe-Hf-C films. The Fe-Hf-C-N films are considered to have high potentials for the head core materials suitable for high density recording systems, owing to their excellent soft magnetic properties and corrosion resistance.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2008

Biodegradable poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone-co-L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCLA-b-PEG) copolymers were synthesized via solution polymerization by varying the feed composition of $\varepsilon$-caprolactone ($\varepsilon$-CL) and L-lactide (LLA) ($\varepsilon$-CL: LLA= 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0: 10). The feed ratio based on weight is in accordance with the copolymer composition except for the case of $\varepsilon$-CL: LLA=3:7 (C3L7), which was verified by $^1H$-NMR. Two different approaches were used for the exceptional case, which is an extension of the reaction time or the sequential introduction of the monomer. A copolymer composition of $\varepsilon$-CL: LLA=3:7 could be obtained in either case. The chemical microstructure of PCLA-b-PEG was determined using the $^{13}C$-NMR spectra and the effect of the sequential structure on the thermal properties and crystallinity were examined. Despite the same composition ratio of the copolymer, the microstructure can differ according to the reaction conditions.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2018

High Strength low alloy steels containing various levels of C, Nb and Mn were used and for each of which, a simulated double thermal cycle was applied with the same first peak temperature and different second peak temperatures to produce HAZ microstructure corresponding to multi-pass weld. Effect of double cycle second temperature on the microstructure was observed and compared with single cycle results obtained from previous works, it was found that the percentage of martensite austenite constituent (MA) increases by Nb addition for all steels with the same Mn content and the increase in Mn content at the same Nb content shows an increase in MA area fraction as well. MA area fraction obtained for the double cycle is larger than that obtained for the single cycle for all steels used which imply that MA will have great role in the brittle fracture initiation for double cycle and the inter-pass temperature should be controlled for medium and high-carbon Mn steel to avoid large area fraction of MA. The beneficial effects of Niobium obtained in single pass weld were not observed for the double cycle or multi pass welds.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.33 no.11
• /
• pp.482-490
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze microstructural changes and evaluate the mechanical properties of TWIP steel subjected to variations in heat treatment, in order to identify optimal process conditions for enhancing the performance of TWIP steel. For this purpose, a homogenization heat treatment was conducted at 1,200 ℃ for 2 h, followed by hot rolling at temperature exceeding 1,100 ℃ and cold rolling. Annealing heat treatment is achieved using a muffle furnace in the range of 600 ℃ to 1,000 ℃. The microstructure characterization was performed with an optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties are evaluated using micro Vickers hardness, tensile test, and ECO index (UTS × Elongation). The specimens annealed at 900 ℃ and 1,000 ℃ experienced a significant decrease in hardness and strength due to decarburization. Consequently, the decarburization phenomenon is closely related to the heat treatment process and mechanical properties of TWIP steel, and the effect of the microstructure change during annealing heat treatment.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2024

This study investigates the effect of the microstructure of Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ (LATP), a solid electrolyte, on its ionic conductivity. Solid electrolytes, a key component in electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries, differ from traditional liquid electrolytes by utilizing solid-state ionic conductors. LATP, characterized by its NASICON structure, facilitates rapid lithium-ion movement and exhibits relatively high ionic conductivity, chemical stability, and good electrochemical compatibility. In this study, the microstructure and ionic conductivity of LATP specimens sintered at 850, 900, and 950℃ for various sintering times are analyzed. The results indicate that the changes in the microstructure due to sintering temperature and time significantly affect ionic conductivity. Notably, the specimens sintered at 900℃ for 30 min exhibit high ionic conductivity. This study presents a method to optimize the ionic conductivity of LATP. Additionally, it underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the Li-ion diffusion mechanism and quantitative microstructure analysis.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.416-423
• /
• 2012

This paper introduces an effect of a preparing $ZrO_2$-Ag composite on its mechanical properties and microstructure. In present study, $ZrO_2$-Ag was prepared by reduction-deposition route and wetting dispersive milling method, respectively. Two type of Ag powders (nano Ag and micron Ag size, respectively) were dispersed into $ZrO_2$ powder during wetting dispersive milling in D.I. water. Each sample was sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 2hr in atmosphere, and then several mechanical tests and analysis of microstructure were carried out by bending test, hardness, fracture toughness and fracture surface microstructure. As for microstructure, the Ag coated $ZrO_2$ showed homogeneously dispersed Ag in $ZrO_2$ in where pore defect did not appear. However, $ZrO_2$-nano Ag and $ZrO_2$-micro Ag composite appeared Ag aggregation and its pore defect, which carried out low mechanical property and wide error function value.